POM 代表项目对象模型。它是工作在Maven的基本单位。这是一个XML文件。它始终驻留在该项目 pom.xml 基本目录。
POM 包含的项目使用Maven来构建该项目和各种配置的详细信息。
POM 也包含了目标和插件。在执行任务或目标时,Maven 会在当前目录中的POM。它读取POM,得到所需要的配置信息,然后执行的目标。部分的配置可以在POM使用如下:
project dependencies
plugins
goals
build profiles
project version
developers
mailing list
创建一个POM之前,我们应该先决定项目组(groupId),它的名字(artifactId)和它的版本,因为这些属性在仓库中的唯一标识项目的帮助。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId> <artifactId>project</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <project>
应当指出,应该有一个单一的POM文件为每个项目。
所有的 POM 文件要求的项目元素和三个必填字段: groupId,artifactId,version。
在库中的项目符号是:groupId:artifactId:version.
根元素 pom.xml是项目,它有三个主要的子节点:
节点 | 描述 |
---|---|
groupId | This is an Id of project's group. This is generally unique amongst an organization or a project. For example, a banking group com.company.bank has all bank related projects. |
artifactId | This is an Id of the project.This is generally name of the project. For example, consumer-banking. Along with the groupId, the artifactId defines the artifact's location within the repository. |
version | This is the version of the project.Along with the groupId, It is used within an artifact's repository to separate versions from each other. For example: com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.0 com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.1. |
所有的POM继承自父类(尽管明确界定)。这个基础POM被称为超级POM,并包含继承默认情况下的值。 Maven使用有效的POM(超级POM加项目配置的配置)执行有关的目标。它可以帮助开发人员指定的最低配置的详细信息在pom.xml。虽然配置可以很容易被覆盖。 一个简单的方法来看看超级POM的默认配置是通过运行下面的命令:mvn help:effective-pom 创建一个pom.xml上的任何目录computer.Use的内容上面提到的例子POM。 在下面的例子中,我们已经创建了一个pom.xml在C:/MVN/项目文件夹中。 现在,打开命令控制台,进入该文件夹包含pom.xml 和执行以下mvn 命令。
C:/MVN/project>mvn help:effective-pom
Maven将开始处理,并显示有效的effective-pom。
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'help'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.project-group:project-name:jar:1.0 [INFO] task-segment: [help:effective-pom] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [help:effective-pom {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] ..... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: < 1 second [INFO] Finished at: Thu Jul 05 11:41:51 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 6M/15M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
结果显示在控制台的有效POM,继承,插值之后,应用配置文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- ================================================================= --> <!-- --> <!-- Generated by Maven Help Plugin on 2012-07-05T11:41:51 --> <!-- See: http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-help-plugin/ --> <!-- --> <!-- ================================================================= --> <!-- ================================================================= --> <!-- --> <!-- Effective POM for project --> <!-- 'com.companyname.project-group:project-name:jar:1.0' --> <!-- --> <!-- ================================================================= --> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/ 2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 h ttp://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId> <artifactId>project</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <build> <sourceDirectory>C:/MVN/project/src/main/java</sourceDirectory> <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory> <testSourceDirectory>C:/MVN/project/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory> <outputDirectory>C:/MVN/project/target/classes</outputDirectory> <testOutputDirectory>C:/MVN/project/target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory> <resources> <resource> <mergeId>resource-0</mergeId> <directory>C:/MVN/project/src/main/resources</directory> </resource> </resources> <testResources> <testResource> <mergeId>resource-1</mergeId> <directory>C:/MVN/project/src/test/resources</directory> </testResource> </testResources> <directory>C:/MVN/project/target</directory> <finalName>project-1.0</finalName> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.3</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2-beta-2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-ear-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-ejb-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.3</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-rar-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0-beta-8</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0-beta-7</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0.4</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.3</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1-alpha-2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-help-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1.1</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> <id>central</id> <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name> <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <releases> <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> <id>central</id> <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name> <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <reporting> <outputDirectory>C:/MVN/project/target/site</outputDirectory> </reporting> </project>
在上面的pom.xml中,可以看到默认的项目的源文件夹结构,输出目录,插件需要,资料库,报表目录,Maven将使用在执行预期的目标。
Maven pom.xml 无须手动写入。
Maven提供了大量的的原型插件创建项目,以创建项目结构和pom.xml
详细信息中提到的Maven插件和Maven创建项目部分