在测试过程中,对于某些不容易构成或者不容易获取的对象,用一个 虚拟的对象 来创建以便测试的测试方法,就是 Mock测试 。
Servlet、Request、Response等Servlet API相关对象本来就是由Servlet容器(Tomcat)创建的。
这个 虚拟的对象 就是 Mock对象 。
Mock对象 是真实对象在调试期间的 代替品 。
他是用来构造MockMVC的构造器
主要有两个实现: StandaloneMockMvcBuilder 和 DefaultMockMvcBuilder ,分别对应之前的两种测试方式。
我们直接使用 静态工厂MockMvcBuilders 创建即可。
负责创建MockMvcBuilder对象
有两种创建方式
1、standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)
2、 webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext wac) :指定WebApplicationContext,将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc
对于服务器端的Spring MVC测试支持 主入口点 。
通过MockMvcBuilder构造
MockMvcBuilder由MockMvcBuilders的静态方法去构造。
核心方法: perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder) ---->执行一个RequestBuilder请求,会自动执行SpringMvc的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理,该方法的返回值是一个ResultActions;
添加ResultMatcher验证规则,验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确。
添加ResultHandler结果处理器,比如调试时打印结果到控制台;
最后返回相应的 MvcResult ;然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步的异步处理。
单元测试执行结果,可以针对执行结果进行 自定义验证逻辑 。
<!-- spring 单元测试组件包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- 单元测试Junit --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency>
TestMockMVC.java
package com.cyb.ssm.controller.test; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders; import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext; //@WebAppConfiguration:可以在单元测试的时候,不用启动Servlet容器,就可以获取一个Web应用上下文 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/*.xml") @WebAppConfiguration public class TestMockMVC { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext wac; private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void Setup() { // 初始化一个MockMVC对象的方式有两种:单独设置、web应用上下文设置 // 建议使用web应用上下文设置 mockMvc = new MockMvcBuilders().webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); } @Test public void test() throws Exception { // 通过perform去执行一个Http请求 // andExpect:通过该方法,判断请求执行是否成功 // andDo:对请求之后的结果,进行输出 MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/showEdit").param("id", "1")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("item/item-edit")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); System.out.println("==============="); System.out.println(result.getHandler()); } }
JRE Oracle Corporation/13.0.1 is not supported, advanced source lookup disabled.
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames
信息: Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getTestExecutionListeners
信息: Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@4470f8a6, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@7c83dc97, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7748410a, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@740773a3, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@37f1104d, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@55740540]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/applicationContext-dao.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/applicationContext-service.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/applicationContext-tx.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/springmvc.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/updateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.updateItem(java.lang.Integer,java.lang.String,java.lang.Float,com.cyb.ssm.po.Item,org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile) throws java.lang.Exception
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/testRedirect],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testRedirect(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/testForward],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testForward(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/findItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.findItem(java.lang.Integer)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem() throws com.cyb.ssm.exception.CustomException
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem2],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem2(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/deleteItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public void com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.deleteItem(java.lang.String[])
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/saveItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.Date com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.saveItem(java.util.Date)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/showEdit],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/batchUpdateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.List<com.cyb.ssm.po.Item> com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.batchUpdateItem(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/queryItemByIdWithRest]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.RestItemController.queryItemById()
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache
信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache
信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext log
信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean
信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization started
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean
信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 17 ms
com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3
MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = GET
Request URI = /item/showEdit
Parameters = {id=[1]}
Headers = {}
Body = <no character encoding set>
Session Attrs = {}
Handler:
Type = com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController
Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)
Async:
Async started = false
Async result = null
Resolved Exception:
Type = null
ModelAndView:
View name = item/item-edit
View = null
Attribute = item
value = com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3
errors = []
FlashMap:
Attributes = null
MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 200
Error message = null
Headers = {Content-Language=[en]}
Content type = null
Body =
Forwarded URL = /WEB-INF/jsp/item/item-edit.jsp
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []
===============
public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)
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