转载

SpringMVC Mock测试

什么是mock测试?

在测试过程中,对于某些不容易构成或者不容易获取的对象,用一个 虚拟的对象 来创建以便测试的测试方法,就是 Mock测试

Servlet、Request、Response等Servlet API相关对象本来就是由Servlet容器(Tomcat)创建的。

这个 虚拟的对象 就是 Mock对象

Mock对象 是真实对象在调试期间的 代替品

为什么使用Mock测试?

  1. 避免开发模块之间的耦合
  2. 轻量、简单、灵活

MockMVC介绍

MockMvcBuilder

他是用来构造MockMVC的构造器

主要有两个实现: StandaloneMockMvcBuilder DefaultMockMvcBuilder ,分别对应之前的两种测试方式。

我们直接使用 静态工厂MockMvcBuilders 创建即可。

MockMvcBuilders

负责创建MockMvcBuilder对象

有两种创建方式

1、standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)

2、 webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext wac) :指定WebApplicationContext,将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc

MockMvc

对于服务器端的Spring MVC测试支持 主入口点

通过MockMvcBuilder构造

MockMvcBuilder由MockMvcBuilders的静态方法去构造。

核心方法: perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder) ---->执行一个RequestBuilder请求,会自动执行SpringMvc的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理,该方法的返回值是一个ResultActions;

ResultActions

andExpect

添加ResultMatcher验证规则,验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确。

andDo

添加ResultHandler结果处理器,比如调试时打印结果到控制台;

andReturn

最后返回相应的 MvcResult ;然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步的异步处理。

MockMvcRequestBuilders

  1. 用来构造请求
  2. 主要由两个子类 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder (如文件上传),即用来Mock客户端请求需要的所有数据。

MockMvcResultMatchers

  1. 用来 匹配 执行完 请求 后的 结果验证
  2. 如果匹配失败将抛出相应的异常
  3. 包含了很多验证API方法

MockMvcResultHandlers

  1. 结果处理器,表示要对结果做点什么事情
  2. 比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个相应结果信息。

MvcResult

单元测试执行结果,可以针对执行结果进行 自定义验证逻辑

MocMvc的使用

添加依赖

        <!-- spring 单元测试组件包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- 单元测试Junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

测试类

TestMockMVC.java

package com.cyb.ssm.controller.test;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

//@WebAppConfiguration:可以在单元测试的时候,不用启动Servlet容器,就可以获取一个Web应用上下文
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/*.xml")
@WebAppConfiguration
public class TestMockMVC {
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void Setup() {
        // 初始化一个MockMVC对象的方式有两种:单独设置、web应用上下文设置
        // 建议使用web应用上下文设置
        mockMvc = new MockMvcBuilders().webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        // 通过perform去执行一个Http请求
        // andExpect:通过该方法,判断请求执行是否成功
        // andDo:对请求之后的结果,进行输出
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/showEdit").param("id", "1"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("item/item-edit"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
        System.out.println("===============");
        System.out.println(result.getHandler());
    }
}

运行结果如下

JRE Oracle Corporation/13.0.1 is not supported, advanced source lookup disabled.

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames

信息: Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getTestExecutionListeners

信息: Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@4470f8a6, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@7c83dc97, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7748410a, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@740773a3, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@37f1104d, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@55740540]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/applicationContext-dao.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/applicationContext-service.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/applicationContext-tx.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:/JAVA/eclipse_setup/ssm-project/target/classes/spring/springmvc.xml]

12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh

信息: Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/updateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.updateItem(java.lang.Integer,java.lang.String,java.lang.Float,com.cyb.ssm.po.Item,org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile) throws java.lang.Exception

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/testRedirect],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testRedirect(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/testForward],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testForward(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/findItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.findItem(java.lang.Integer)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem() throws com.cyb.ssm.exception.CustomException

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem2],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem2(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/deleteItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public void com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.deleteItem(java.lang.String[])

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/saveItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.Date com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.saveItem(java.util.Date)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/showEdit],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/item/batchUpdateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.List<com.cyb.ssm.po.Item> com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.batchUpdateItem(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register

信息: Mapped "{[/queryItemByIdWithRest]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.RestItemController.queryItemById()

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache

信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache

信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext log

信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean

信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization started

12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean

信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 17 ms

com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3

MockHttpServletRequest:

HTTP Method = GET

Request URI = /item/showEdit

Parameters = {id=[1]}

Headers = {}

Body = <no character encoding set>

Session Attrs = {}

Handler:

Type = com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController

Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

Async:

Async started = false

Async result = null

Resolved Exception:

Type = null

ModelAndView:

View name = item/item-edit

View = null

Attribute = item

value = com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3

errors = []

FlashMap:

Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:

Status = 200

Error message = null

Headers = {Content-Language=[en]}

Content type = null

Body =

Forwarded URL = /WEB-INF/jsp/item/item-edit.jsp

Redirected URL = null

Cookies = []

===============

public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

源码

直接下载

原文  http://www.cnblogs.com/chenyanbin/p/12031170.html
正文到此结束
Loading...