MyCat一个彻底开源的,面向企业应用开发的大数据库集群。基于阿里开源的Cobar产品而研发。能满足数据库数据大量存储;提高了查询性能。文章介绍如何实现MyCat连接MySQL实现主从分离,并集成SpringBoot实现读写分离。
binlog是Mysql sever层维护的一种二进制日志,主要是用来记录对Mysql数据更新或潜在发生更新的SQL语句,记录了所有的写语句,并以事务的形式保存在磁盘中,还包含语句所执行的消耗的时间,MySQL的二进制日志是事务安全型的。
$ vim /etc/my.cnf log-bin = mysql-bin #[必须]启用二进制日志 server-id = 4 #[必须]服务器唯一ID,默认是1,最好取ip的后3位 expire-logs-days = 7 #只保留7天的二进制日志,以防磁盘被日志占满 binlog-ignore-db = mysql #不备份的数据库 binlog-ignore-db = information_schema binlog-ignore-db = performation_schema binlog-ignore-db = sys binlog-do-db=itools_simple #需要做复制的数据库名,如果有多个,复制binlog-do-db即可
$ mysql -u root -p Root@123 // log_bin ON表示开启成功,OFF表示开启失败 mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%'; +---------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin | | log_bin_index | /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'%' identified by 'Root@123'; mysql> use mysql mysql> select user,authentication_string,host from user;
$ systemctl restart mysqld
$ mysql -u root -p Root@123 mysql> flush tables with read lock; mysql> show master status /G *************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000003 Position: 154 Binlog_Do_DB: itools_simple Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performation_schema,sys Executed_Gtid_Set: 1 row in set (0.01 sec) // 导出数据库,进入到一个合适的文件夹 $ mysqldump -u root -p itools_simple > itools_simple.txt // 把生成的文件导出到本机 $ sz itools_simple.txt // 在window本机打开cmd,登录slave本机mysql数据库,导入数据库 $ ./mysql -u root -p -hlocalhost mycat_master < ./itools_simple.txt
[mysql] #default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] max_connections=200 character-set-server=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB # 添加一下配置 log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=223
net stop mysql net start mysql
$ mysql -u root -p 123456 // 停止 slave mysql> stop slave; // 根据master中的status,添加以下配置 msyql> change master to master_host='192.168.0.105',master_user='backup',master_password='Root@123',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=154; // 启用slave mysql> start slave; // 查看slave状态 mysql> show slave status /G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.0.105 Master_User: backup Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: DESKTOP-OB9O5N7-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes .............. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) // 出现下面两个说明配置正确 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
mysql> unlock tables;
MySQL5.5版本后,MySQL的默认内置存储引擎已经从MyISAM变成InnoDB
mysql> show variables like '%storage_engine%'; +----------------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------------+--------+ | default_storage_engine | InnoDB | | default_tmp_storage_engine | InnoDB | | disabled_storage_engines | | | internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine | InnoDB | +----------------------------------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) // 修改配置文件 $ vim /etc/my.ini [mysqld] default-storage-engine=MyISAM $ systemctl restart mysqld mysql> show variables like '%storage_engine%'; +----------------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------------+--------+ | default_storage_engine | MyISAM | | default_tmp_storage_engine | InnoDB | | disabled_storage_engines | | | internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine | InnoDB | +----------------------------------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果是slave数据库的表是MyISAM,master数据库的表是InnoDB。直接覆盖master数据库来同步数据的话,slave数据库表的存储引擎也将会同步变成InnoDB。
This function has none of DETERMINISTIC, NO SQL, or READS SQL DATA in its declaration and binary logging is enabled (you might want to use the less safe log_bin_trust_function_creators variable)
在function里面,只有 DETERMINISTIC, NO SQL 和 READS SQL DATA 被支持。 如果我们开启了 bin-log, 我们就必须为我们的function指定一个参数。
mysql> set global log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE;
Specified key was too long; max key length is 1000 bytes
1.DB的 engine 是 MyISAM 2.字符集是 utf8 ,1个 utf8=3bytes 3.(索引长度总和) * 3 > 1000。
1.修改DB engine 至 innodb 2.更改字符集 3.减小字段长度
注意:一定不要手动去修改slave数据库中的数据,需要给slave的用户设置只读。
至此,mysql的数据库主从设置已经配置成功。在master中修改数据库,会同步到slave中。
Mycat不负责数据的同步,所以要还是要基于MySQL的主从配置来实现读写分离。
由于github限制,所以以后新版本从以下地址下载 http://dl.mycat.io
/usr/local/mycat
,进入文件夹,下载安装包 $ wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.7.5/2020-3-3/Mycat-server-1.6.7.5-test-20200303154735-linux.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.5-test-20200303154735-linux.tar.gz $ cd mycat $ useradd mycat $ chown -R mycat:mycat /usr/local/mycat/mycat $ passwd mycat // 配置hostname,添加以下配置 [root@localhost mycat] vim /etc/sysconfig/network HOSTNAME=localhost(主机名) // 查看是否配置主机 $ vim /etc/hosts
$ vim /etc/profile // 在最后添加 MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat/mycat PATH=$MYCAT_HOME/bin:$PATH export PATH // 使配置生效 $ source /etc/profile
在master数据库中添加user1(写)、user2(只读)两个账户,并配置权限。
配置mycat的 schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="itools_simple" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> </schema> <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost" database="itools_simple" /> <dataHost name="localhost" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.0.105:3306" user="user1" password="Root@123"> <!-- 可以配置多个从库 --> <readHost host="hostS2" url="127.0.0.1:3306" user="user2" password="Root@123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
server.xml
,增加两个用户 <user name="user1" defaultAccount="true"> <property name="password">Root@123</property> <property name="schemas">itools_simple</property> <property name="defaultSchema">itools_simple</property> </user> <user name="user2"> <property name="password">Root@123</property> <property name="schemas">itools_simple</property> <property name="readOnly">true</property> <property name="defaultSchema">itools_simple</property> </user>
$ mycat start Starting Mycat-server...
$ cat wrapper.log MyCAT Server startup successfully. see logs in logs/mycat.log
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.0.23</version> </dependency>
package com.muycode.itoolsimple.datasource; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import javax.sql.DataSource; @Configuration public class DataSourceConfig { /** * 创建可读数据源 * * @return */ @Bean(name = "selectDataSource") @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.select") public DataSource dataSource1() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } /** * 创建可写数据源 * * @return */ @Bean(name = "updateDataSource") @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.update") public DataSource dataSource2() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } }
package com.muycode.itoolsimple.datasource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @Lazy(false) public class DataSourceContextHolder { /** * 采用ThreadLocal 保存本地多数据源 */ private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>(); /** * 设置数据源类型 * * @param dbType */ public static void setDbType(String dbType) { contextHolder.set(dbType); } /** * 获取数据源类型 */ public static String getDbType() { return contextHolder.get(); } public static void clearDbType() { contextHolder.remove(); } }
package com.muycode.itoolsimple.datasource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.sql.DataSource; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Component @Primary public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Autowired @Qualifier("selectDataSource") private DataSource selectDataSource; @Autowired @Qualifier("updateDataSource") private DataSource updateDataSource; /** * 返回生效的数据源名称 */ @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() { return DataSourceContextHolder.getDbType(); } /** * 配置数据源信息 */ @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() { Map<Object, Object> map = new HashMap<>(16); map.put("selectDataSource", selectDataSource); map.put("updateDataSource", updateDataSource); setTargetDataSources(map); setDefaultTargetDataSource(updateDataSource); super.afterPropertiesSet(); } }
package com.muycode.itoolsimple.datasource; import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Aspect @Component @Lazy(false) @Order(0) // Order设定AOP执行顺序 使之在数据库事务上先执行 public class DataSourceOptionAop { /** * 可读数据源 */ private final static String DATASOURCE_TYPE_SELECT = "selectDataSource"; /** * 可写数据源 */ private final static String DATASOURCE_TYPE_UPDATE = "updateDataSource"; /** * 创建切面,根据方法类型选择不同的数据源 * * @param joinPoint */ @Before("execution(* com.muycode.itoolsimple.service.*.*(..))") public void process(JoinPoint joinPoint) { String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName(); System.out.print("=========== " + methodName); if (methodName.startsWith("get") || methodName.startsWith("count") || methodName.startsWith("find") || methodName.startsWith("list") || methodName.startsWith("select") || methodName.startsWith("check") || methodName.startsWith("query")) { DataSourceContextHolder.setDbType(DATASOURCE_TYPE_SELECT); System.out.println("-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源-------------------"); } else { DataSourceContextHolder.setDbType(DATASOURCE_TYPE_UPDATE); System.out.println("-----------------使用updateDataSource数据源-------------------"); } } }
=========== getByUsername-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源------------------- =========== getPermissionStringByUserId-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源------------------- =========== getPermissionByUserId-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源------------------- =========== getRolePermissionLinkByUserId-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源------------------- =========== save-----------------使用updateDataSource数据源------------------- =========== queryByPage-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源------------------- =========== save-----------------使用updateDataSource数据源------------------- =========== getPermissionAll-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源------------------- =========== save-----------------使用updateDataSource数据源------------------- =========== getSysCodeAll-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源------------------- =========== save-----------------使用updateDataSource数据源------------------- =========== getByRid-----------------使用selectDataSource数据源-------------------