上一篇,我们介绍了注册中心的搭建,包括集群环境吓注册中心的搭建,这篇文章介绍一下如何使用注册中心,创建一个服务的提供者,使用一个简单的客户端去调用服务端提供的服务。
本篇文章中需要三个角色,分别是服务的提供者,服务的消费者,还有一个是上一篇文章的主角——注册中心Eureka(使用单机版本即可,本篇的示例也会使用单机版本的Eureka)。
整体流程为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>producer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>producer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
server: port: 8080 spring: application: name: spring-cloud-producer eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
增加@EnableEurekaClient,如果是其他注册中心可以使用注解@EnableDiscoveryClient来进行服务的注册
package com.springcloud.producer; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class ProducerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class, args); } }
package com.springcloud.producer.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * * @Date: 2019/7/2 * @Time: 0:02 * @email: inwsy@hotmail.com * Description: */ @RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(@RequestParam String name) { return "hello "+name+",producer is ready"; } }
先在可以先启动上一篇当中单机版的Eureka,再启动我们刚写好的producer服务提供者,启动成功后,访问链接 http://localhost :8761/,可以看到我们的的服务提供者producer已经成功注册在注册中心上了。
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至此,服务的提供者已经配置完成。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>consumers</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>consumers</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
spring-boot-starter-web:这个包是通用的web开发包,里面包含了spring-web、spring-webmvc等包
spring-cloud-starter-openfeign:这个包是springcloud对于Feign的封装,Feign是一个声明式的Web服务客户端。它支持Feign本身的注解、JAX-RS注解以及SpringMVC的注解。Spring Cloud集成Ribbon和Eureka以在使用Feign时提供负载均衡的http客户端。
server: port: 8081 spring: application: name: spring-cloud-consumers eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
同上,增加@EnableEurekaClient,如果是其他注册中心可以使用注解@EnableDiscoveryClient来进行服务的注册
package com.springcloud.consumers; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients public class ConsumersApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ConsumersApplication.class, args); } }
@EnableFeignClients:这个注解是通知SpringBoot在启动的时候,扫描被 @FeignClient 修饰的类,@FeignClient这个注解在进行远程调用的时候会用到。
Feign是一个声明式Web Service客户端。使用Feign能让编写Web Service客户端更加简单, 它的使用方法是定义一个接口,然后在上面添加注解,同时也支持JAX-RS标准的注解。Feign也支持可拔插式的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud对Feign进行了封装,使其支持了Spring MVC标准注解和HttpMessageConverters。Feign可以与Eureka和Ribbon组合使用以支持负载均衡。
package com.springcloud.consumers.remote; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; /** * @Author: shiyao.wei * @Date: 2019/7/2 11:14 * @Version: 1.0 * @Desc: */ @FeignClient(name= "spring-cloud-producer") public interface HelloRemote { @RequestMapping(value = "/hello") String hello(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name); }
package com.springcloud.consumers.controller; import com.springcloud.consumers.remote.HelloRemote; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @Author: shiyao.wei * @Date: 2019/7/2 11:25 * @Version: 1.0 * @Desc: */ @RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired HelloRemote helloRemote; @RequestMapping("/hello/{name}") public String index(@PathVariable("name") String name) { return helloRemote.hello(name); } }
现在,一个最简单的服务注册和调用的例子就完成了。
顺次启动eureka、producer、consumer三个项目
启动成功后,先在浏览器输入 http://localhost :8080/hello?name=springcloud
可以看到页面显示:hello springcloud,producer is ready
证明我们的producer已经正常启动,提供的服务也正常
接下来,我们测试服务消费者,在浏览器中输入: http://localhost:8081/hello/spring
可以看到页面显示:hello spring,producer is ready
说明客户端已经成功的通过feign调用了远程服务hello,并且将结果返回到了浏览器。
将上面的producer复制一份,修改名称为producer2,修改pom.xml中的//为producer2,修改其中的Controller:
package com.springcloud.producer.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * Created with IntelliJ IDEA. * * @Date: 2019/7/2 * @Time: 0:02 * @email: inwsy@hotmail.com * Description: */ @RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(@RequestParam String name) { return "hello "+name+",producer2 is ready"; } }
修改application.yml配置文件启动端口为8082
启动我们刚复制好的producer2,这时可以看一下注册中心Eureka,我们现在已经有两个producer服务了。
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这时我们再去访问: http://localhost:8081/hello/spring
第一次返回结果:hello spring,producer is ready
第二次返回结果:hello spring,producer2 is ready
连续刷新页面,两个结果会交替出现,说明注册中心提供了服务负载均衡功能。将服务数提高到N个,会发现测试结果一样,请求会自动轮询到每个服务端来处理。