项目构建工具 Maven

Maven 是一个项目管理和构建自动化工具。但是对于我们程序员来说，我们最关心的是它的项目构建功能。所以这里我们介绍的就是怎样用 maven 来满足我们项目的日常需要。

Maven 使用惯例优于配置的原则 。它要求在没有定制之前，所有的项目都有如下的结构：

Maven常用命令

• mvn archetype：create 创建Maven项目
• mvn compile 编译源代码
• mvn deploy 发布项目
• mvn test-compile 编译测试源代码
• mvn test 运行应用程序中的单元测试
• mvn site 生成项目相关信息的网站
• mvn clean 清除项目目录中的生成结果
• mvn package 根据项目生成的jar
• mvn install 在本地Repository中安装jar
• mvn eclipse:eclipse 生成eclipse项目文件
• mvnjetty:run 启动jetty服务
• mvntomcat:run 启动tomcat服务
• mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true:清除以前的包后重新打包，跳过测试类

setting.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">  <localRepository>/home/clara/.m2/repository</localRepository>  <servers>   <server>    <id>nexus</id>    <username>${username}</username>    <password>${password}</password>   </server>  </servers>  <mirrors>   <mirror>    <id>nexus</id>    <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>    <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>   </mirror>  </mirrors>  <profiles>   <profile>    <id>jdk6</id>    <activation>     <jdk>1.6</jdk>    </activation>    <properties>     <maven.compiler.source>1.6</maven.compiler.source>     <maven.compiler.target>1.6</maven.compiler.target>     <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.6</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>    </properties>   </profile>  </profiles>  <activeProfiles>   <activeProfile>jdk6</activeProfile>  </activeProfiles> </settings>  #项目pom.xml #增加以下配置,可以deploy到nexus's releases 或 snapshots    <distributionManagement>   <repository>    <id>nexus</id>    <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url>   </repository>   <snapshotRepository>    <id>nexus</id>    <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>   </snapshotRepository>  </distributionManagement>  #增加以下配置,可以deploy到nexus's 3rd party  <distributionManagement>  <repository>   <id>nexus</id>   <url>http://192.168.0.159:8080/nexus/content/repositories/thirdparty/</url>  </repository> </distributionManagement> 

1.设置字符集

<properties>     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> 

2.拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件

<build>  <pluginManagement>   <plugins>    <plugin>     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>     <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>     <version>2.5</version>     <executions>      <execution>       <id>copy-resources</id>       <phase>package</phase>       <goals>        <goal>copy-resources</goal>       </goals>       <configuration>        <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>        <resources>         <resource>          <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>          <includes>           <include>*.properties</include>           <include>*.xml</include>          </includes>          <filtering>true</filtering>         </resource>        </resources>       </configuration>      </execution>     </executions>    </plugin>   </plugins>  </pluginManagement> </build>  

3.编译代码

<build>  <pluginManagement>   <plugins>    <plugin>     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>     <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>     <version>2.5</version>     <configuration>      <source>1.7</source>      <target>1.7</target>     </configuration>    </plugin>   </plugins>  </pluginManagement> </build>  

4.编译打包成jar文件

<build>  <pluginManagement>   <plugins>    <plugin>     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>     <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>     <executions>      <execution>       <phase>package</phase>       <goals>        <goal>jar</goal>       </goals>       <configuration>        <classifier>without-configs</classifier>        <excludes>         <exclude>*.properties</exclude>         <exclude>*.xml</exclude>        </excludes>       </configuration>      </execution>     </executions>    </plugin>  </pluginManagement> </build>  

5.构建测试用例配置

<build>  <pluginManagement>   <plugins>    <plugin>     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>     <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>     <version>2.9</version>     <configuration>      <skip>true</skip>      <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>     </configuration>    </plugin>   </plugins>  </pluginManagement> </build>  

6.输出依赖jar文件到指定目录

<build>  <pluginManagement>   <plugins>    <plugin>     <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>     <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>     <version>1.0.0</version>     <configuration>      <lifecycleMappingMetadata>       <pluginExecutions>        <pluginExecution>         <pluginExecutionFilter>          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>          <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>          <goals>           <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>           <goal>unpack</goal>          </goals>         </pluginExecutionFilter>         <action>          <ignore />         </action>        </pluginExecution>       </pluginExecutions>      </lifecycleMappingMetadata>     </configuration>    </plugin>   </plugins>  </pluginManagement>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>    <version>2.8</version>    <executions>     <execution>      <id>copy-dependencies</id>      <phase>package</phase>      <goals>       <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>      </goals>      <configuration>       <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>       <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>       <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>       <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>      </configuration>     </execution>    </executions>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build>  

7.配置指定的repository

<repositories>     <repository>         <id>cloudera</id>         <url>https://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url>     </repository> </repositories> 

8.将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件

<build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>    <configuration>     <archive>      <manifest>       <mainClass>org.shirdrn.solr.cloud.index.hadoop.SolrCloudIndexer</mainClass>      </manifest>     </archive>     <descriptorRefs>      <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>     </descriptorRefs>    </configuration>    <executions>     <execution>      <id>make-assembly</id>      <phase>package</phase>      <goals>       <goal>single</goal>      </goals>     </execution>    </executions>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build>