实验系统:CentOS 6.6_x86_64
实验前提:提前准备好编译环境,防火墙和selinux都关闭
实验说明:本实验共有2台主机,IP分配如拓扑
实验软件:mariadb-10.0.20
实验拓扑:
一、安装mysql
1.编译安装mariadb:
tar xf mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ cd /usr/local/ ln -sv mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64 mysql mkdir -pv /mydata/data useradd -r mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/ cd mysql/ chown -R root.mysql . scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/ cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on
2.编辑配置文件:
vim /etc/my.cnf -------------------------------- datadir = /mydata/data //增加此行 -------------------------------- service mysqld start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql //连接测试
二、主从复制
实验中我先让19.43当主服务器,19.48为从服务器。
1.主服务器操作:
(1)编辑my.cnf,启用二进制日志(如果定义到其他路径,请给予其mysql权限):
log-bin=/mydata/data/mysql-bin
(2)定义server-id:
server-id = 1
(3)创建有复制权限的账号:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ----------------------------------------- GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO slave@192.168.19.48 IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; //遵循最小权限原则 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
(4)记录最后的二进制日志信息,CHANGE MASTER时会用到:
SHOW MASTER LOGS;
2.从服务器操作:
(1)启动中继日志(如果定义到其他路径,请给予其mysql权限):
relay_log=/mydata/data/relay-log
(2)从服务器用中继日志就足够了,关闭二进制日志,减少磁盘IO:
#log-bin=mysql-bin //将其注释 #binlog_format=mixed
(3)定义server-id:
server-id = 2 //不能与主服务器相同
(4)配置CHANGE MASTER:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ----------------------------------------- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.43',MASTER_USER='slave',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',MASTER_LOG_POS=326;
SHOW SLAVE STATUS/G //查看状态
*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 192.168.19.43 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 326 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 326 Relay_Log_Space: 248 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0 Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Using_Gtid: No Gtid_IO_Pos: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(5)启动io thread以及sql thread:
START SLAVE;
3.在主服务器创建数据库,从服务器查看:
CREATE DATABASE jason; //主服务器创建数据库
SHOW DATABASES; //从服务器查看
4.如果主数据库不是新建立的,而是使用过一段时间,且里面已经有不少数据的情况下,需要先把主服务器数据导出,再导入到从服务器,然后根据上面的步骤进行主从复制,这里将不再演示。
导出数据库命令参考:mysqldump --all-databases --lock-all-tables --master-data=2 > name.sql
三、半同步复制
1.什么是半同步复制?
因为开启这个功能之后,主服务器只等待多个从服务器中的指定的一台从服务器复制成功,然后才进行其他写操作,使这个从服务器和主服务器上的数据完全同步,而并不管其他的从服务器。这在一定程度上就保证了我们数据的安全性。这个功能需要打由google贡献的补丁,它是以插件的形式存在的。补丁存放的位置在:/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/
2.主服务器打补丁:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --------------------------------------------- INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so'; SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%'; //查看状态
3.主服务器修改配置:
SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1; SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000;
4.从服务器打补丁:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --------------------------------------------- INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so'; SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%';
5.从服务器修改配置:
SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
STOP SLAVE;
START SLAVE;
6.主服务器查看状态:
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%semi%';
四、主主复制
1.由于刚才做了许多操作,为了不影响之后的实验,我们先将数据库进行重置:
service mysqld stop rm -rf /mydata/data/* //删除数据库文件 /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mydata/data/ //初始化mysql
2.修改my.cnf:
19.43上:
vim /etc/my.cnf ------------------------------------------- [mysqld] server-id=1 log-bin=/mydata/data/mysql1-bin //开启二进制日志 relay_log=/mydata/data/relay-log //开始中继日志 auto-increment-increment = 2 //每次增长的数值 auto-increment-offset = 1 //开始的数值
19.48上:
vim /etc/my.cnf ------------------------------------------- [mysqld] server-id=2 log-bin=/mydata/data/mysql2-bin relay_log=/mydata/data/relay-log auto-increment-increment = 2 auto-increment-offset = 2
3.创建具有复制权限的用户:
19.43上:
service mysqld start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ------------------------------------------ GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO mmm@192.168.19.48 IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
19.48上:
service mysqld start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ------------------------------------------ GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO mmm@192.168.19.43 IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
4.查看二进制位置:
19.43上:
SHOW MASTER LOGS;
19.48上使用同样的命令:
5.配置CHANGE MASTER:
19.43上:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.48',MASTER_USER='mmm',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql2-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=642; START SLAVE;
19.48上:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.43',MASTER_USER='mmm',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql1-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=642; START SLAVE;
6.查看状态:
SHOW SLAVE STATUS/G
之后的复制演示这里不再演示,请大家自行尝试。至此,所有试验演示完毕,谢谢!