用正则表达式验证邮件地址似乎是一件简单的事情,但是如果要完美的验证一个合规的邮件地址,其实也许很复杂。
邮件地址的规范来自于 RFC 5322 。有一个网站 emailregex.com 专门列出各种编程语言下的验证邮件地址的正则表达式,其中很多正则表达式都是我听说过而从未见过的复杂——我想说,做这个网站的程序员是被邮件验证这件事伤害了多深啊!
其实,在产品环境中,一般来说并不需要这么复杂的正则表达式来做到99.99%正确。一般来说,从执行效率和测试覆盖率来说,只需要一个简单的版本即可:
/^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i
那么下面我们来看看这些更严谨、更复杂的正则表达式吧:
(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:/.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x21/x23-/x5b/x5d-/x7f]|//[/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f])*")@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?/.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|/[(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)/.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x21-/x5a/x53-/x7f]|//[/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f])+)/])
由于各种语言对正则表达式的支持不同、语法差异和覆盖率不同,所以,不同语言里面的正则表达式也不同:
这个是个简单的版本:
r"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+/.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)"
这个有点复杂了:
/^[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{/'?]+(/.[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{/'?]+)*@([a-z0-9_][-a-z0-9_]*(/.[-a-z0-9_]+)*/.(aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|mil|museum|name|net|org|pro|travel|mobi|[a-z][a-z])|([0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}))(:[0-9]{1,5})?$/i
[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+//.[A-Za-z]{2,6}
PHP 的这个版本就更复杂了,覆盖率就更大一些:
/^(?!(?:(?:/x22?/x5C[/x00-/x7E]/x22?)|(?:/x22?[^/x5C/x22]/x22?)){255,})(?!(?:(?:/x22?/x5C[/x00-/x7E]/x22?)|(?:/x22?[^/x5C/x22]/x22?)){65,}@)(?:(?:[/x21/x23-/x27/x2A/x2B/x2D/x2F-/x39/x3D/x3F/x5E-/x7E]+)|(?:/x22(?:[/x01-/x08/x0B/x0C/x0E-/x1F/x21/x23-/x5B/x5D-/x7F]|(?:/x5C[/x00-/x7F]))*/x22))(?:/.(?:(?:[/x21/x23-/x27/x2A/x2B/x2D/x2F-/x39/x3D/x3F/x5E-/x7E]+)|(?:/x22(?:[/x01-/x08/x0B/x0C/x0E-/x1F/x21/x23-/x5B/x5D-/x7F]|(?:/x5C[/x00-/x7F]))*/x22)))*@(?:(?:(?!.*[^.]{64,})(?:(?:(?:xn--)?[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*/.){1,126}){1,}(?:(?:[a-z][a-z0-9]*)|(?:(?:xn--)[a-z0-9]+))(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*)|(?:/[(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){7})|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9][:/]]){7,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?)))|(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){5}:)|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){5,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3}:)?)))?(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))(?:/.(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))){3}))/]))$/iD
对与 PHP 的版本,Perl 和 Ruby 表示不服,可以更严谨:
(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t] )+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?: /r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:( ?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/0 31]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/ ](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+ (?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?: (?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z |(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n) ?[ /t])*)*/<(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/ r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n) ?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t] )*))*(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])* )(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t] )+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*) *:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+ |/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r /n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?: /r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t ]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031 ]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/]( ?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(? :(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(? :/r/n)?[ /t])*))*/>(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)|(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(? :(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)? [ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)*:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]| //.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<> @,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|" (?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t] )*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;:// "./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(? :[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[ /]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*|(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000- /031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|( ?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)*/<(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,; ://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([ ^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://" ./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/ ]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./ [/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/ r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//] |//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*)*:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)?(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /0 00-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|// .|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@, ;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(? :[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])* (?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://". /[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[ ^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/] ]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*/>(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:,/s*( ?:(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;:// "./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:( ?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[ /["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t ])*))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t ])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(? :/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+| /Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*|(?: [^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/ ]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)*/<(?:(?:/r/n) ?[ /t])*(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[" ()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n) ?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<> @,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@, ;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t] )*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;:// "./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*)*:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)? (?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://". /[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/.(?:(?: /r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[ "()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|"(?:[^/"/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))*"(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]) *))*@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]) +|/Z|(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*)(?:/ .(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*(?:[^()<>@,;://"./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z |(?=[/["()<>@,;://"./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*/>(?:( ?:/r/n)?[ /t])*))*)?;/s*)
上面的版本,嗯,我可以说是天书吗?反正我是没有解读的想法了。当然,新版本的 Perl 语言还有一个更易读的版本(你是说真的么?)
/(?(DEFINE) (?<address> (?&mailbox) | (?&group)) (?<mailbox> (?&name_addr) | (?&addr_spec)) (?<name_addr> (?&display_name)? (?∠_addr)) (?<angle_addr> (?&CFWS)? < (?&addr_spec) > (?&CFWS)?) (?<group> (?&display_name) : (?:(?&mailbox_list) | (?&CFWS))? ; (?&CFWS)?) (?<display_name> (?&phrase)) (?<mailbox_list> (?&mailbox) (?: , (?&mailbox))*) (?<addr_spec> (?&local_part) /@ (?&domain)) (?<local_part> (?˙_atom) | (?"ed_string)) (?<domain> (?˙_atom) | (?&domain_literal)) (?<domain_literal> (?&CFWS)? /[ (?: (?&FWS)? (?&dcontent))* (?&FWS)? /] (?&CFWS)?) (?<dcontent> (?&dtext) | (?"ed_pair)) (?<dtext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21-/x5a/x5e-/x7e]) (?<atext> (?&ALPHA) | (?&DIGIT) | [!#/$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~]) (?<atom> (?&CFWS)? (?&atext)+ (?&CFWS)?) (?<dot_atom> (?&CFWS)? (?˙_atom_text) (?&CFWS)?) (?<dot_atom_text> (?&atext)+ (?: /. (?&atext)+)*) (?<text> [/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f]) (?<quoted_pair> // (?&text)) (?<qtext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21/x23-/x5b/x5d-/x7e]) (?<qcontent> (?&qtext) | (?"ed_pair)) (?<quoted_string> (?&CFWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?:(?&FWS)? (?&qcontent))* (?&FWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?&CFWS)?) (?<word> (?&atom) | (?"ed_string)) (?<phrase> (?&word)+) # Folding white space (?<FWS> (?: (?&WSP)* (?&CRLF))? (?&WSP)+) (?<ctext> (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21-/x27/x2a-/x5b/x5d-/x7e]) (?<ccontent> (?&ctext) | (?"ed_pair) | (?&comment)) (?<comment> /( (?: (?&FWS)? (?&ccontent))* (?&FWS)? /) ) (?<CFWS> (?: (?&FWS)? (?&comment))* (?: (?:(?&FWS)? (?&comment)) | (?&FWS))) # No whitespace control (?<NO_WS_CTL> [/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x7f]) (?<ALPHA> [A-Za-z]) (?<DIGIT> [0-9]) (?<CRLF> /x0d /x0a) (?<DQUOTE> ") (?<WSP> [/x20/x09]) ) (?&address)/x
Ruby 表示,其实人家还有个简单版本:
//A([/w+/-].?)+@[a-z/d/-]+(/.[a-z]+)*/.[a-z]+/z/i
这样的版本谁没有啊——.NET 说:
^/w+([-+.']/w+)*@/w+([-.]/w+)*/./w+([-.]/w+)*$
用 grep 命令在文件中查找邮件地址,我想你不会写个若干行的正则表达式吧,意思一下就行了:
$ grep -E -o "/b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+/.[A-Za-z]{2,6}/b" filename.txt
在 SQL Server 中也是可以用正则表达式的,不过这个代码片段应该是来自某个产品环境中的,所以,还体贴的照顾了那些把邮件地址写错的人:
select email from table_name where patindex ('%[ &'',":;!+=//()<>]%', email) > 0 -- Invalid characters or patindex ('[@.-_]%', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be starting character or patindex ('%[@.-_]', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be ending character or email not like '%@%.%' -- Must contain at least one @ and one . or email like '%..%' -- Cannot have two periods in a row or email like '%@%@%' -- Cannot have two @ anywhere or email like '%.@%' or email like '%@.%' -- Cannot have @ and . next to each other or email like '%.cm' or email like '%.co' -- Camaroon or Colombia? Typos. or email like '%.or' or email like '%.ne' -- Missing last letter
这个是不是有点偷懒?尤其是在那些“复杂”的正则表达式之后:
SELECT email FROM table_name WHERE REGEXP_LIKE (email, '[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}');
好吧,看来最后也一样懒:
SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `email` NOT REGEXP '^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}$';
那么,你有没有关于验证邮件地址的正则表达式分享给大家?
来源: https://linux.cn/article-5963-1.html