在上篇博文JSP内置对象中介绍JSP的9个内置对象的含义和常用方法,但都是比较理论的知识。今天为大家带来一个小应用,用application制作的简易留言板。
包括三个功能模块:留言提交、查看展示、查看留言板。用3个JSP页面展示信息(视图层),一个servlet处理用户的请求(控制层),因为比较简单没有用到javaBean作为模型层。还有一个filter初始化应用。
本例中用submit.jsp页面提交留言。用表单提交用户的请求参数,action参数处理用户请求程序的路径。关于表单提交有两点说明:
在JSP页面中,建议用绝对路径,形如:<%=request.getContextPath()%>/MsgPane,request.getContextPath()代表项目的根目录。其原因是绝对路径简单不容易出错。在写JSP程序是经常会犯路径的错误,就是没明白一些基本的概念。
在html标签中,“/”是代表服务器的根目录:形如:http://localhost:8080/
在JSP脚本中,“/”Web应用的根目录:形如:http://localhost:8080/yourwebapp/
为了统一前后端路径的使用,IDE在新建JSP的会加入<base>标签,这个时候相对路径是不起作用的,浏览器解析时会在其前面加上base的href属性值。例如:
有<base>标签的存在,<form action="MsgPane" method="post"> 浏览器解析的路径为“http://localhost:8080/yourwebapp/”+Msgpane。
post提交时,参数不会附加在URL中,安全性更高,表单提交建议使用post。
submit.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <body> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/MsgPane" method="post"> 请输入你的姓名:<br><input type="text" name="name"><br> 请输入你的标题:<br><input type="text" name="title"><br> 留言内容:<br><textarea rows="15" cols="20" name="message"></textarea><br><br> <input type="submit" value="提交信息"><br> </form> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/msgpane/messages.jsp"> <input type="submit" value="查看留言板"> </form> <%-- </body>--%> </html>
我们一般用servlet处理用户请求,servlet多用于流程控制,也就是我们常说得MVC中C(控制层)。
1.处理表单参数的中文乱码,可在servlet重写的请求方法中加入
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
2.application对象在JSP中是内置的,而在servlet中,需要自己去实例化。
ServletContext application = request.getServletContext();
3.application的常用方法,其实底层实现是Map。
application.setAttribute(String key,Object obj); application.getAttribute(String key); //Object,需要类型强转!
4.session与application常用方法类似,只是作用范围限于同一用户,而application是整个应用,用下面方法实例化。
HttpSession session=request.getSession();
MsgPane.java
package servlet; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class MsgPane extends HttpServlet { List<String> msgs; int count; String objfile=""; public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { objfile=request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+"msgpane//Msgpane.obj"; System.out.println(objfile); request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); ServletContext application = request.getServletContext(); HttpSession session=request.getSession(); if(application.getAttribute("msgs")!=null){ msgs=(List<String>)application.getAttribute("msgs"); }else{ msgs=new ArrayList(); System.out.println("New"); } count = msgs.size(); String date = new Date().toLocaleString(); String name = request.getParameter("name"); String title = request.getParameter("title"); String msg = request.getParameter("message"); if (name == null || "".equals(name)) { name = "guest"; } if (title == null || "".equals(title)) { title = "无标题"; } if (msg == null || "".equals(msg)) { request.getRequestDispatcher("/msgpane/submit.jsp").forward(request, response); } else { count++; String tmsg = "<br><br><br>No." + count + " " + date + "<br><br>姓名:" + name + "<br>标题:" + title + "<br>内容:" + msg; msgs.add(tmsg); saveMsgPane(objfile); application.setAttribute("msgs", msgs); session.setAttribute("msg", tmsg); request.getRequestDispatcher("/msgpane/msgpane.jsp").forward(request, response); } } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doGet(req, resp); } public void saveMsgPane(String filename) { try { saveObject(filename, msgs); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void saveObject(String filename, Object obj) throws IOException { File f = new File(filename); if (!f.exists()) { f.createNewFile(); } FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos); oos.writeObject(obj); fos.close(); oos.close(); } }
在启动应用时,将留言板内容从文件读取,存入application对象。
MsgpaneFilter.java
package filter; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class MsgpaneFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { String objfile = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+"msgpane//Msgpane.obj"; System.out.println(objfile); HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request; HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response; ServletContext application = request.getServletContext(); if (application.getAttribute("msgs") == null) { File f = new File(objfile); if (f.exists()) { try { application.setAttribute("msgs", readObject(objfile)); System.out.println("read"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else { System.out.println("File not found!"); req.getRequestDispatcher("/msgpane/submit.jsp").forward(req, resp); } } chain.doFilter(req, resp); } @Override public void destroy() { } public Object readObject(String filename) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { Object obj = null; File ft = new File(filename); if (ft.exists()) { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(ft); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis); obj = ois.readObject(); fis.close(); ois.close(); } else { // do something } return obj; } }
关于留言展示和查看留言板我就不贴代码了,非常简单。 这个小例子的代码我打包好了,下面是链接:
msgpane : http://files.cnblogs.com/files/klguang/msgpane.rar