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Maven项目模板

Maven提供用户，使用原型的概念，不同类型的项目模板（以数字614）是一个非常大的列表。 Maven帮助用户快速开始使用以下命令创建新的Java项目

 mvn archetype:generate

什么是原型？

原型是一个Maven插件，其任务是创建一个项目结构按照其模板。我们将使用快速启动原型插件在这里创建一个简单的Java应用程序。

使用项目模板

让我们打开命令控制台，进入到C：/> MVN目录，然后执行以下命令mvn命令

 C:/MVN>mvn archetype:generate

Maven会开始处理，并会要求选择所需的原型

 INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO]    task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate ... 600: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-archetype (-) 601: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-secure-archetype (-) 602: remote -> org.tynamo:tynamo-archetype (-) 603: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicket-scala-archetype (-) 604: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicketstuff-scala-archetype  Basic setup for a project that combines Scala and Wicket, depending on the Wicket-Scala project.  Includes an example Specs test.) 605: remote -> org.wikbook:wikbook.archetype (-) 606: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-glassfish (-) 607: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-spring (-) 608: remote -> org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-component-archetype  (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Components.) 609: remote -> org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-archetype-macro  (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Rendering Macros.) 610: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-component (The ZK Component archetype) 611: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-webapp (The ZK wepapp archetype) 612: remote -> ru.circumflex:circumflex-archetype (-) 613: remote -> se.vgregion.javg.maven.archetypes:javg-minimal-archetype (-) 614: remote -> sk.seges.sesam:sesam-annotation-archetype (-) Choose a number or apply filter  (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 203:

按Enter键选择默认选项（203：Maven原型 - 快速入门）

Maven会要求原型的特定版本

 Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version: 1: 1.0-alpha-1 2: 1.0-alpha-2 3: 1.0-alpha-3 4: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.0 6: 1.1 Choose a number: 6:

按Enter键选择默认选项（6：Maven原型 - 快速入门：1.1）

Maven会要求项目的细节。输入项目细节的要求。按回车，如果提供的默认值。您可以通过输入自己的值覆盖它们。

 Define value for property 'groupId': : com.companyname.insurance Define value for property 'artifactId': : health Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: Define value for property 'package': com.companyname.insurance:

Maven会要求项目的细节确认。按回车键或按Y

 Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.companyname.insurance artifactId: health version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.companyname.insurance Y:

现在，Maven将开始创建项目结构，并会显示如下内容：

 [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project  from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1 [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: health [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:/MVN [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:/MVN/health [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 12 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 13 11:10:12 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/90M [INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------

创建项目

现在转到C：/> MVN目录。会看到一个java应用程序项目创建了这是在创建项目时给出 artifactId 命名为：health 。 Maven将创建一个标准的目录布局如下图所示的项目：

创建的pom.xml

Maven生成如下所列项目中的 pom.xml 文件：

 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0     http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.companyname.insurance</groupId>    <artifactId>health</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>health</name>    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>    <properties>       <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    </properties>    <dependencies>       <dependency>       <groupId>junit</groupId>          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>          <version>3.8.1</version>          <scope>test</scope>       </dependency>    </dependencies> </project>

创建App.java

Maven 示例生成Java源文件，App.java下面列出项目：

位置: C:/ > MVN > health > src > main > java > com > companyname > insurance > App.java

 package com.companyname.insurance;  /**  * Hello world!  *  */ public class App  {     public static void main( String[] args )     {         System.out.println( "Hello World!" );     } }

创建AppTest.java

Maven的样本生成Java源测试文件，AppTest.java下面列出的项目：

位置: C:/ > MVN > health > src > test > java > com > companyname > insurance > AppTest.java

 package com.companyname.insurance;  import junit.framework.Test; import junit.framework.TestCase; import junit.framework.TestSuite;  /**  * Unit test for simple App.  */ public class AppTest      extends TestCase {     /**      * Create the test case      *      * @param testName name of the test case      */     public AppTest( String testName )     {         super( testName );     }      /**      * @return the suite of tests being tested      */     public static Test suite()     {         return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );     }      /**      * Rigourous Test :-)      */     public void testApp()     {         assertTrue( true );     } }