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.NET WebAPI 用ExceptionFilterAttribute实现错误(异常)日志的记录(log4net做写库操作)

好吧,还是那个社区APP,非管理系统,用户行为日志感觉不是很必要的,但是,错误日志咱还是得记录则个。总不能上线后报bug了让自己手足无措吧,虽然不管有木有错误日志报bug都是件很头疼的事...

我们知道webAPI也有好几个Filter,上篇文章我们做token与权限用到了ActionFilterAttribute,这次我们用ExceptionFilterAttribute来做异常日志的记录。首先我们的代码里面会主动的捕获一些异常手动抛出,例如对用户输入数据的验证,权限的验证,业务的验证等。也会有一些我们无法预料的异常,可能是代码的漏洞或者逻辑的漏洞...那么我们肯定是想能够在一个切面全部拦截这些异常,记录到错误日志中,以便作分析使用...

博主使用的log4net做日志的写库操作,这里就不介绍log4net的基本用法了,直接上代码:

  1 <log4net>   2     <!--<appender name="RollingFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">   3       <file value="C:/testlog.txt" />   4       <appendToFile value="true" />   5       <maxSizeRollBackups value="10" />   6       <maximumFileSize value="100" />   7       <rollingStyle value="Date" />   8       <datePattern value="yyyy-MM-dd" />   9       <staticLogFileName value="true" />  10       <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">  11         <conversionPattern value="记录时间:%date 线程ID:[%thread] 日志级别:%-5level 出错类:%logger property:[%property{NDC}] - 错误描述:%message%newline " />  12       </layout>  13     </appender>-->
14 <appender name="AdoNetAppender_Sqlserver" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender"> 15 <connectionType value="System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection,System.Data, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" /> 21 <connectionString value="Data Source=.;database=RCBLog;Integrated Security=True; MultipleActiveResultSets=True;" /> 22 <commandText value="INSERT INTO ErrorLog (LOGID,LOG_DATE,LOG_MESSAGE,LOG_EXCEPTION,LOG_LEVEL,LOGGER,LOG_SOURCE,OPERATORID,OPERATORACCOUNTNAME) VALUES (@LogId,@log_date,@LogMessage,@LogException,@log_level, @logger, @source,@LogOperator,@OperatorAccountName)" /> 23 <bufferSize value="100" /> 24 <parameter> 25 <parameterName value="@log_date" /> 26 <dbType value="DateTime" /> 27 <layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" /> 28 </parameter> 29 <parameter> 30 <parameterName value="@log_level" /> 31 <dbType value="String" /> 32 <size value="100" /> 33 <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 34 <conversionPattern value="%level" /> 35 </layout> 36 </parameter> 37 <parameter> 38 <parameterName value="@logger" /> 39 <dbType value="String" /> 40 <size value="255" /> 41 <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 42 <conversionPattern value="%logger" /> 43 </layout> 44 </parameter> 45 <parameter> 46 <parameterName value="@source" /> 47 <dbType value="String" /> 48 <size value="2000" /> 49 <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> 50 <conversionPattern value="%file:%line" /> 51 </layout> 52 </parameter> 53 <!--自定义属性--> 54 <parameter> 55 <parameterName value="@LogId" /> 56 <dbType value="String" /> 57 <size value="255" /> 58 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 59 <conversionPattern value="%LogId" /> 60 </layout> 61 </parameter> 62 <parameter> 63 <parameterName value="@LogException" /> 64 <dbType value="String" /> 65 <size value="4000" /> 66 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 67 <conversionPattern value="%LogException" /> 68 </layout> 69 </parameter> 70 <parameter> 71 <parameterName value="@LogMessage" /> 72 <dbType value="String" /> 73 <size value="4000" /> 74 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 75 <conversionPattern value="%LogMessage" /> 76 </layout> 77 </parameter> 78 <parameter> 79 <parameterName value="@LogOperator" /> 80 <dbType value="String" /> 81 <size value="255" /> 82 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 83 <conversionPattern value="%OperatorId" /> 84 </layout> 85 </parameter> 86 <parameter> 87 <parameterName value="@OperatorAccountName" /> 88 <dbType value="String" /> 89 <size value="255" /> 90 <layout type="MP.Infrastructure.SystemLog.CustomLayout,MP.Infrastructure"> 91 <conversionPattern value="%OperatorAccountName" /> 92 </layout> 93 </parameter> 94 </appender> 95 <logger name="RCB.Logger.Error"> 96 <level value="ERROR" /> 97 <!--<appender-ref ref="RollingFileAppender" />--> 98 <appender-ref ref="AdoNetAppender_Sqlserver" /> 99 </logger> 100 </log4net>

注:

1.<log4net>节点需要在<configuration>节点下

2.注释掉的2-13行与97行是写文件

3.第23行的数值表示缓存值,调试阶段可以设置成0,才能及时的在数据库看到错误日志

4.博主使用到了自定义属性,就顺便说说自定义属性的用法,先看看博主的错误日志类:

 1     /// <summary>  2     /// 系统错误日志  3     /// </summary>  4     public class ErrorLog  5     {  6         /// <summary>  7         /// ID(GUID字符串)  8         /// </summary>  9         public string LOGID { get; set; } 10  11         /// <summary> 12         /// 日志时间 13         /// </summary> 14         public DateTime LOG_DATE { get; set; } 15  16         /// <summary> 17         /// 日志错误信息 18         /// </summary> 19         public string LOG_MESSAGE { get; set; } 20  21         /// <summary> 22         /// 异常信息详情 23         /// </summary> 24         public string LOG_EXCEPTION { get; set; } 25  26         /// <summary> 27         /// 错误级别 28         /// </summary> 29         public string LOG_LEVEL { get; set; } 30  31         /// <summary> 32         /// 记录器(PRMMS.Logger) 33         /// </summary> 34         public string LOGGER { get; set; } 35  36         /// <summary> 37         /// 日志产生位置 38         /// </summary> 39         public string LOG_SOURCE { get; set; } 40  41         /// <summary> 42         /// 操作人ID 43         /// </summary> 44         public string OperatorId { get; set; } 45  46         /// <summary> 47         /// 操作账户名 48         /// </summary> 49         public string OperatorAccountName { get; set; } 50  51         /// <summary> 52         /// 自动创建ID 53         /// </summary> 54         public ErrorLog() 55         { 56             this.LOGID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N").ToUpper(); 57         } 58     }

其中,LogId、LogMessage、OperatorId、OperatorAccountName、LogException等字段是log4net不带有的,属于自定义属性,需要做一个配置。我们新建一个CustomLayout类,继承于PatternLayout

 1     public class CustomLayout : PatternLayout  2     {  3         public CustomLayout()  4         {  5             base.AddConverter("LogId", typeof(LogId));  6             base.AddConverter("LogMessage", typeof(LogMessage));  7             base.AddConverter("OperatorId", typeof(OperatorId));  8             base.AddConverter("OperatorAccountName", typeof(OperatorAccountName));  9             base.AddConverter("LogException", typeof(LogException)); 10         } 11     }

其中,typeof(LogId)中的LogId是需要我们新建类继承PatternLayoutConverter实现Convert方法的

 1     internal sealed class LogId : PatternLayoutConverter  2     {  3         protected override void Convert(TextWriter writer, LoggingEvent loggingEvent)  4         {  5             var content = loggingEvent.MessageObject as ErrorLog;  6             if (content != null)  7             {  8                 writer.Write(content.LOGID);  9             } 10         } 11     }

当然,剩余几个typeof()做同样处理即可。

log4net写库配置好了,我们还需要一个日志工具类,用来调用log4net写日志,博主在这儿简单写了几个方法,其中截取2000长度纯属个人原因,没有特别意义:

 1     /// <summary>  2     /// 日志工具类  3     /// </summary>  4     public class LogUtils  5     {  6         private static readonly log4net.ILog errorLog = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("RCB.Logger.Error");  7   8         /// <summary>  9         /// 将指定的<see cref="Exception"/>实例详细信息写入错误日志。 10         /// </summary> 11         /// <returns></returns> 12         public static void ErrorLog(Guid userId, string userName, Exception exception) 13         { 14             if (exception != null) 15             { 16                 var exceptionString = exception.ToString(); 17                 if (exceptionString.Length > 2000) 18                 { 19                     exceptionString = exceptionString.Substring(0, 1999); 20                 } 21                 errorLog.Error(new ErrorLog 22                 { 23                     OperatorId = userId.ToString("N").ToUpper(), 24                     OperatorAccountName = userName, 25                     LOG_MESSAGE = exception.Message, 26                     LOG_EXCEPTION = exceptionString 27                 }); 28             } 29         } 30  31         /// <summary> 32         /// 将指定的<see cref="Exception"/>实例详细信息写入错误日志。 33         ///  34         /// 记录IP地址 35         /// </summary> 36         /// <returns></returns> 37         public static void ErrorLog(string userIp, Exception exception) 38         { 39             if (exception != null) 40             { 41                 var exceptionString = exception.ToString(); 42                 if (exceptionString.Length > 2000) 43                 { 44                     exceptionString = exceptionString.Substring(0, 1999); 45                 } 46                 errorLog.Error(new ErrorLog 47                 { 48                     OperatorId = userIp, 49                     LOG_MESSAGE = exception.Message, 50                     LOG_EXCEPTION = exceptionString 51                 }); 52             } 53         } 54  55         /// <summary> 56         /// 将指定的<see cref="Exception"/>实例详细信息写入错误日志。 57         /// </summary> 58         /// <returns></returns> 59         public static void ErrorLog(Exception exception) 60         { 61             if (exception != null) 62             { 63                 var exceptionString = exception.ToString(); 64                 if (exceptionString.Length > 2000) 65                 { 66                     exceptionString = exception.ToString().Substring(0, 1999); 67                 } 68                 errorLog.Error(new ErrorLog 69                 { 70                     LOG_MESSAGE = exception.Message, 71                     LOG_EXCEPTION = exceptionString 72                 }); 73             } 74         } 75     }

接下来,我们就是要写Filter了。新建一个ExceptionFilter类,继承于ExceptionFilterAttribute

 1     /// <summary>  2     /// 异常拦截器  3     /// </summary>  4     public class ExceptionFilter : ExceptionFilterAttribute  5     {  6         private HttpResponseMessage GetResponse(int code, string message)  7         {  8             var resultModel = new ApiModelsBase() { Code = code, Message = message };  9  10             return new HttpResponseMessage() 11             { 12                 Content = new ObjectContent<ApiModelsBase>( 13                     resultModel, 14                     new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(), 15                     "application/json" 16                     ) 17             }; 18         } 19  20         public override void OnException(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext) 21         { 22             var code = -1; 23             var message = "请求失败!"; 24  25             if (actionExecutedContext.Exception is UserDisplayException) 26             { 27                 message = actionExecutedContext.Exception.Message; 28             } 29             if (actionExecutedContext.Exception is UserLoginException) 30             { 31                 code = -2; 32                 message = actionExecutedContext.Exception.Message; 33             } 34  35             if (actionExecutedContext.Response == null) 36             { 37                 actionExecutedContext.Response = GetResponse(code, message); 38             } 39  40             //记录错误日志 41             LogUtils.ErrorLog(SecurityHelper.GetUserIp(), actionExecutedContext.Exception); 42  43             base.OnException(actionExecutedContext); 44         } 45     }

注:

1.博主单独把登录异常通过特定code值返回,方便客户端分辨处理

2.GetResponse()方法主要是填充json数据到response

到这一步,还是没办法写日志的,为什么呢???因为我们的ExceptionFilter还没有注册,在App_Start文件夹下WebApiConfig.cs文件Register方法添加下句代码:

config.Filters.Add(new ExceptionFilter());

OK,至此我们的错误日志记录就算搞定了。只需要在代码中抛出手动捕获的异常,或者意料之外未捕获的异常都会记录在错误日志中,并友好反馈到客户端。

当然,log4net的配置信息也是需要注册的,千万别忘了在Global.asax中Application_Start方法加上这样一句代码

log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure();

博主自知水平有限,如有不对的地方或各位有更好的解决方案,请随意指点,必当虚心请假,希望共同进步....

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