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解读redux工作原理

1. 前言

随着WEB应用变得越来越复杂,再加上node前后端分离越来越流行,那么对数据流动的控制就显得越发重要。redux是在flux的基础上产生的,基本思想是保证数据的单向流动,同时便于控制、使用、测试。

redux不依赖于任意框架(库),只要subscribe相应框架(库)的内部方法,就可以使用该应用框架保证数据流动的一致性。

那么如何使用redux呢?下面一步步进行解析,并带有源码说明,不仅做到 知其然 ,还要做到 知其所以然

2. 主干逻辑介绍(createStore)

2.1 简单demo入门

先来一个直观的认识:

// 首先定义一个改变数据的plain函数,成为reducer function count (state, action) {   var defaultState = {     year: 2015,   };   state = state || defaultState;   switch (action.type) {     case 'add':       return {         year: state.year + 1       };     case 'sub':       return {         year: state.year - 1       }     default :       return state;     }   }  // store的创建 var createStore = require('redux').createStore; var store = createStore(count);  // store里面的数据发生改变时,触发的回调函数 store.subscribe(function () {   console.log('the year is: ', store.getState().year); });  // action: 触发state改变的唯一方法(按照redux的设计思路) var action1 = { type: 'add' }; var action2 = { type: 'add' }; var action3 = { type: 'sub' };  // 改变store里面的方法 store.dispatch(action1); // 'the year is: 2016 store.dispatch(action2); // 'the year is: 2017 store.dispatch(action3); // 'the year is: 2016 

2.2 挖掘createStore实现

为了说明主要问题,仅列出其中的关键代码,全部代码,可以点击 这里 阅读。

a首先看createStore到底都返回的内容:

export default function createStore(reducer, initialState) {   ...   return {     dispatch,     subscribe,     getState,     replaceReducer   } } 

每个属性的含义是: - dispatch: 用于action的分发,改变store里面的state - subscribe: 注册listener,store里面state发生改变后,执行该listener - getState: 读取store里面的state - replaceReducer: 替换reducer,改变state修改的逻辑

b关键代码解析

export default function createStore(reducer, initialState) {   // 这些都是闭包变量   var currentReducer = reducer   var currentState = initialState   var listeners = []   var isDispatching = false;    // 返回当前的state   function getState() {     return currentState   }    // 注册listener,同时返回一个取消事件注册的方法   function subscribe(listener) {     listeners.push(listener)     var isSubscribed = true      return function unsubscribe() {     if (!isSubscribed) {     return     }      isSubscribed = false     var index = listeners.indexOf(listener)       listeners.splice(index, 1)     }   }   // 通过action该改变state,然后执行subscribe注册的方法   function dispatch(action) {     try {       isDispatching = true       currentState = currentReducer(currentState, action)     } finally {       isDispatching = false     }     listeners.slice().forEach(listener => listener())     return action   }      // 替换reducer,修改state变化的逻辑   function replaceReducer(nextReducer) {     currentReducer = nextReducer     dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT })   }   // 初始化时,执行内部一个dispatch,得到初始state   dispatch({ type: ActionTypes.INIT }) } 

如果还按照2.1的方式进行开发,那跟flux没有什么大的区别,需要手动解决很多问题,那redux如何将整个流程模板化(Boilerplate)呢?

3. 保证store的唯一性

随着应用越来越大,一方面,不能把所有的数据都放到一个reducer里面,另一方面,为每个reducer创建一个store,后续store的维护就显得比较麻烦。如何将二者统一起来呢?

3.1 demo入手

通过combineReducers将多个reducer合并成一个rootReducer: // 创建两个reducer: count year function count (state, action) { state = state || {count: 1} switch (action.type) { default: return state; } } function year (state, action) { state = state || {year: 2015} switch (action.type) { default: return state; } }

// 将多个reducer合并成一个 var combineReducers = require('./').combineReducers; var rootReducer = combineReducers({   count: count,   year: year, });  // 创建store,跟2.1没有任何区别 var createStore = require('./').createStore; var store = createStore(rootReducer);  var util = require('util'); console.log(util.inspect(store)); //输出的结果,跟2.1的store在结构上不存在区别 // { dispatch: [Function: dispatch], //   subscribe: [Function: subscribe], //   getState: [Function: getState], //   replaceReducer: [Function: replaceReducer] // } 

3.2 源码解析combineReducers

// 高阶函数,最后返回一个reducer export default function combineReducers(reducers) {   // 提出不合法的reducers, finalReducers就是一个闭包变量   var finalReducers = pick(reducers, (val) => typeof val === 'function')   // 将各个reducer的初始state均设置为undefined   var defaultState = mapValues(finalReducers, () => undefined)    // 一个总reducer,内部包含子reducer   return function combination(state = defaultState, action) {     var finalState = mapValues(finalReducers, (reducer, key) => {       var previousStateForKey = state[key]       var nextStateForKey = reducer(previousStateForKey, action)       hasChanged = hasChanged || nextStateForKey !== previousStateForKey       return nextStateForKey     );     return hasChanged ? finalState : state   }    } 

4. 自动实现dispatch

4.1 demo介绍

在2.1中,要执行state的改变,需要手动dispatch:

var action = { type: '***', payload: '***'}; dispatch(action); 

手动dispatch就显得啰嗦了,那么如何自动完成呢?

var bindActionCreators = require('redux').bindActionCreators; // 可以在具体的应用框架隐式进行该过程(例如react-redux的connect组件中) bindActionCreators(action) 

4.2 源码解析

// 隐式实现dispatch function bindActionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch) {   return (...args) => dispatch(actionCreator(...args)) }  export default function bindActionCreators(actionCreators, dispatch) {   if (typeof actionCreators === 'function') {     return bindActionCreator(actionCreators, dispatch)   }   return mapValues(actionCreators, actionCreator =>     bindAQctionCreator(actionCreator, dispatch)   ) } 

5. 支持插件 - 对dispatch的改造

5.1 插件使用demo

一个action可以是同步的,也可能是异步的,这是两种不同的情况, dispatch执行的时机是不一样的:

// 同步的action creator, store可以默认实现dispatch function add() {   return { tyle: 'add' } } dispatch(add());  // 异步的action creator,因为异步完成的时间不确定,只能手工dispatch function fetchDataAsync() {   return function (dispatch) {     requst(url).end(function (err, res) {       if (err) return dispatch({ type: 'SET_ERR', payload: err});       if (res.status === 'success') {         dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_SUCCESS', payload: res.data });       }     })   } } 

下面的问题就变成了,如何根据实际情况实现不同的dispatch方法,也即是根据需要实现不同的moddleware:

// 普通的dispatch创建方法 var store = createStore(reducer, initialState); console.log(store.dispatch);  // 定制化的dispatch var applyMiddleware = require('redux').applyMiddleware; // 实现action异步的middleware var thunk = requre('redux-thunk'); var store = applyMiddleware([thunk])(createStore); // 经过处理的dispatch方法 console.log(store.dispatch); 

5.2 源码解析

// next: 其实就是createStore export default function applyMiddleware(...middlewares) {   return (next) => (reducer, initialState) => {     var store = next(reducer, initialState)     var dispatch = store.dispatch     var chain = []      var middlewareAPI = {       getState: store.getState,       dispatch: (action) => dispatch(action)     }     chain = middlewares.map(middleware => middleware(middlewareAPI))     dispatch = compose(...chain)(store.dispatch)      return {       ...store,       dispatch // 实现新的dispatch方法     }   } } // 再看看redux-thunk的实现, next就是store里面的上一个dispatch function thunkMiddleware({ dispatch, getState }) {   return function(next) {     return function(action) {       typeof action === 'function' ? action(dispatch, getState) : next(action);     }   }      return next => action =>     typeof action === 'function' ?       action(dispatch, getState) :       next(action);  } 

6. 与react框架的结合

6.1 基本使用

目前已经有现成的工具 react-redux 来实现二者的结合:

var rootReducers = combineReducers(reducers); var store = createStore(rootReducers); var Provider = require('react-redux').Provider; // App 为上层的Component class App extend React.Component{   render() {     return (       <Provier store={store}>         <Container />       </Provider>     );   } }  // Container作用: 1. 获取store中的数据; 2.将dispatch与actionCreator结合起来 var connect = require('react-redux').connect; var actionCreators = require('...'); // MyComponent是与redux无关的组件 var MyComponent = require('...');  function select(state) {   return {     count: state.count   } } export default connect(select, actionCreators)(MyComponent) 

6.2 Provider – 提供store

React通过Context属性,可以将属性(props)直接给子孙component,无须通过props层层传递, Provider仅仅起到获得store,然后将其传递给子孙元素而已:

export default class Provider extends Component {   getChildContext() { // getChildContext: 将store传递给子孙component     return { store: this.store }   }    constructor(props, context) {     super(props, context)     this.store = props.store   }    componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {     const { store } = this     const { store: nextStore } = nextProps      if (store !== nextStore) {       warnAboutReceivingStore()     }   }    render() {     let { children } = this.props     return Children.only(children)   } } 

6.3 connect – 获得store及dispatch(actionCreator)

connect是一个高阶函数,首先传入mapStateToProps、mapDispatchToProps,然后返回一个生产 Component 的函数(wrapWithConnect),然后再将真正的Component作为参数传入wrapWithConnect(MyComponent),这样就生产出一个经过包裹的Connect组件,该组件具有如下特点:

  • 通过this.context获取祖先Component的store
  • props包括stateProps、dispatchProps、parentProps,合并在一起得到 nextState ,作为props传给真正的Component
  • componentDidMount时,添加事件this.store.subscribe(this.handleChange),实现页面交互
  • shouldComponentUpdate时判断是否有避免进行渲染,提升页面性能,并得到nextState
  • componentWillUnmount时移除注册的事件this.handleChange
  • 在非生产环境下,带有热重载功能

主要的代码逻辑:

export default function connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps, mergeProps, options = {}) {   return function wrapWithConnect(WrappedComponent) {     class Connect extends Component {       constructor(props, context) {         // 从祖先Component处获得store         this.store = props.store || context.store         this.stateProps = computeStateProps(this.store, props)         this.dispatchProps = computeDispatchProps(this.store, props)         this.state = { storeState: null }         // 对stateProps、dispatchProps、parentProps进行合并         this.updateState()       }       shouldComponentUpdate(nextProps, nextState) {         // 进行判断,当数据发生改变时,Component重新渲染         if (propsChanged || mapStateProducedChange || dispatchPropsChanged) {           this.updateState(nextProps)             return true           }         }         componentDidMount() {           // 改变Component的state           this.store.subscribe(() = {             this.setState({               storeState: this.store.getState()             })           })         }         render() {           // 生成包裹组件Connect           return (             <WrappedComponent {...this.nextState} />           )         }       }       Connect.contextTypes = {         store: storeShape       }       return Connect;     }   } 

7. redux与react-redux关系图

解读redux工作原理

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