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PHP 设计模式系列 —— 规格模式(Specification)

1、模式定义

规格模式(Specification)可以认为是组合模式的一种扩展。有时项目中某些条件决定了业务逻辑,这些条件就可以抽离出来以某种关系(与、或、非)进行组合,从而灵活地对业务逻辑进行定制。另外,在查询、过滤等应用场合中,通过预定义多个条件,然后使用这些条件的组合来处理查询或过滤,而不是使用逻辑判断语句来处理,可以简化整个实现逻辑。

这里的每个条件就是一个规格,多个规格/条件通过串联的方式以某种逻辑关系形成一个组合式的规格。

2、UML类图

PHP 设计模式系列 —— 规格模式(Specification)

3、示例代码

Item.php

<?php namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification;  class Item {     protected $price;      /**      * An item must have a price      *      * @param int $price      */     public function __construct($price)     {         $this->price = $price;     }      /**      * Get the items price      *      * @return int      */     public function getPrice()     {         return $this->price;     } }

SpecificationInterface.php

<?php namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification;  /**  * 规格接口  */ interface SpecificationInterface {     /**      * 判断对象是否满足规格      *      * @param Item $item      *      * @return bool      */     public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item);      /**      * 创建一个逻辑与规格(AND)      *      * @param SpecificationInterface $spec      */     public function plus(SpecificationInterface $spec);      /**      * 创建一个逻辑或规格(OR)      *      * @param SpecificationInterface $spec      */     public function either(SpecificationInterface $spec);      /**      * 创建一个逻辑非规格(NOT)      */     public function not(); }

AbstractSpecification.php

<?php namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification;  /**  * 规格抽象类  */ abstract class AbstractSpecification implements SpecificationInterface {     /**      * 检查给定Item是否满足所有规则      *      * @param Item $item      *      * @return bool      */     abstract public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item);      /**      * 创建一个新的逻辑与规格(AND)      *      * @param SpecificationInterface $spec      *      * @return SpecificationInterface      */     public function plus(SpecificationInterface $spec)     {         return new Plus($this, $spec);     }      /**      * 创建一个新的逻辑或组合规格(OR)      *      * @param SpecificationInterface $spec      *      * @return SpecificationInterface      */     public function either(SpecificationInterface $spec)     {         return new Either($this, $spec);     }      /**      * 创建一个新的逻辑非规格(NOT)      *      * @return SpecificationInterface      */     public function not()     {         return new Not($this);     } }

Plus.php

<?php namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification;  /**  * 逻辑与规格(AND)  */ class Plus extends AbstractSpecification {      protected $left;     protected $right;      /**      * 在构造函数中传入两种规格      *      * @param SpecificationInterface $left      * @param SpecificationInterface $right      */     public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $left, SpecificationInterface $right)     {         $this->left = $left;         $this->right = $right;     }      /**      * 返回两种规格的逻辑与评估      *      * @param Item $item      *      * @return bool      */     public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)     {         return $this->left->isSatisfiedBy($item) && $this->right->isSatisfiedBy($item);     } }

Either.php

<?php namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification;  /**  * 逻辑或规格  */ class Either extends AbstractSpecification {      protected $left;     protected $right;      /**      * 两种规格的组合      *      * @param SpecificationInterface $left      * @param SpecificationInterface $right      */     public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $left, SpecificationInterface $right)     {         $this->left = $left;         $this->right = $right;     }      /**      * 返回两种规格的逻辑或评估      *      * @param Item $item      *      * @return bool      */     public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)     {         return $this->left->isSatisfiedBy($item) || $this->right->isSatisfiedBy($item);     } }

Not.php

<?php namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification;  /**  * 逻辑非规格  */ class Not extends AbstractSpecification {      protected $spec;      /**      * 在构造函数中传入指定规格      *      * @param SpecificationInterface $spec      */     public function __construct(SpecificationInterface $spec)     {         $this->spec = $spec;     }      /**      * 返回规格的相反结果      *      * @param Item $item      *      * @return bool      */     public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)     {         return !$this->spec->isSatisfiedBy($item);     } }

PriceSpecification.php

<?php namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification;  /**  * 判断给定Item的价格是否介于最小值和最大值之间的规格  */ class PriceSpecification extends AbstractSpecification {     protected $maxPrice;     protected $minPrice;      /**      * 设置最大值      *      * @param int $maxPrice      */     public function setMaxPrice($maxPrice)     {         $this->maxPrice = $maxPrice;     }      /**      * 设置最小值      *      * @param int $minPrice      */     public function setMinPrice($minPrice)     {         $this->minPrice = $minPrice;     }      /**      * 判断给定Item的定价是否在最小值和最大值之间      *      * @param Item $item      *      * @return bool      */     public function isSatisfiedBy(Item $item)     {         if (!empty($this->maxPrice) && $item->getPrice() > $this->maxPrice) {             return false;         }         if (!empty($this->minPrice) && $item->getPrice() < $this->minPrice) {             return false;         }          return true;     } }

4、测试代码

Tests/SpecificationTest.php

<?php  namespace DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification/Tests;  use DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification/PriceSpecification; use DesignPatterns/Behavioral/Specification/Item;  /**  * SpecificationTest 用于测试规格模式  */ class SpecificationTest extends /PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {     public function testSimpleSpecification()     {         $item = new Item(100);         $spec = new PriceSpecification();          $this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMaxPrice(50);         $this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMaxPrice(150);         $this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMinPrice(101);         $this->assertFalse($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMinPrice(100);         $this->assertTrue($spec->isSatisfiedBy($item));     }      public function testNotSpecification()     {         $item = new Item(100);         $spec = new PriceSpecification();         $not = $spec->not();          $this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMaxPrice(50);         $this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMaxPrice(150);         $this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMinPrice(101);         $this->assertTrue($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec->setMinPrice(100);         $this->assertFalse($not->isSatisfiedBy($item));     }      public function testPlusSpecification()     {         $spec1 = new PriceSpecification();         $spec2 = new PriceSpecification();         $plus = $spec1->plus($spec2);          $item = new Item(100);          $this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);         $spec2->setMinPrice(50);         $this->assertTrue($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);         $spec2->setMinPrice(101);         $this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec1->setMaxPrice(99);         $spec2->setMinPrice(50);         $this->assertFalse($plus->isSatisfiedBy($item));     }      public function testEitherSpecification()     {         $spec1 = new PriceSpecification();         $spec2 = new PriceSpecification();         $either = $spec1->either($spec2);          $item = new Item(100);          $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);         $spec2->setMaxPrice(150);         $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec1->setMaxPrice(150);         $spec2->setMaxPrice(0);         $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec1->setMaxPrice(0);         $spec2->setMaxPrice(150);         $this->assertTrue($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));          $spec1->setMaxPrice(99);         $spec2->setMaxPrice(99);         $this->assertFalse($either->isSatisfiedBy($item));     } }
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