解读Python发送邮件
Python发送邮件需要smtplib和email两个模块。也正是由于我们在实际工作中可以导入这些模块,才使得处理工作中的任务变得更加的简单。今天,就来好好学习一下使用Python发送邮件吧。
SMTP是发送邮件的协议,Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。
Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块,email负责构造邮件,smtplib负责发送邮件。
1.邮件正文是文本的格式
1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 2 3 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 4 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 5 import smtplib 6 import sys 7 import csv 8 import xlrd 9 from pyExcelerator import * 10 import os 11 import xlwt 12 from xlutils.copy import copy 13 import pyExcelerator 14 import datetime 15 import time 16 17 reload(sys) 18 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") 19 20 mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址 21 mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com" # 邮件传送协议服务器 22 mail_user = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号 23 mail_pass = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码 24 25 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): 26 me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" 27 msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8') 28 msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 29 msg['From'] = me 30 msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 31 try: 32 server = smtplib.SMTP() 33 server.connect(mail_host) 34 server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 35 server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) 36 server.close() 37 return True 38 except Exception, e: 39 print str(e) 40 return False 41 42 if __name__ == '__main__': 43 sub = "天才白痴梦" 44 content = '...' 45 if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, content): 46 print "发送成功" 47 else: 48 print "发送失败"
2.邮件正文是表格的格式:由于是表格,所以我们选择HTML来实现表格的功能,邮件上面显示的就是HTML实现的内容了。
1 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 2 3 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 4 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 5 import smtplib 6 import sys 7 import csv 8 import xlrd 9 from pyExcelerator import * 10 import os 11 import xlwt 12 from xlutils.copy import copy 13 import pyExcelerator 14 import datetime 15 import time 16 17 reload(sys) 18 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") 19 20 mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址 21 mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com" # 邮件传送协议服务器 22 mail_user = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号 23 mail_pass = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码 24 25 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): 26 me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" 27 # 和上面的代码不同的就是,这里我们选择的是html 的格式 28 msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='html', _charset='utf-8') 29 msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 30 msg['From'] = me 31 msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 32 try: 33 server = smtplib.SMTP() 34 server.connect(mail_host) 35 server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 36 server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) 37 server.close() 38 return True 39 except Exception, e: 40 print str(e) 41 return False 42 43 if __name__ == '__main__': 44 sub = "天才白痴梦" 45 html = '<html></html>' 46 if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html): 47 print "发送成功" 48 else: 49 print "发送失败"
3.邮件正文是图片的格式:要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中,我们只需按照发送附件的方式,先把邮件作为附件添加进去,然后,在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片,给它们依次编号,然后引用不同的cid:x即可。
1 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): 2 me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" 3 4 msg = MIMEMultipart() 5 msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 6 msg['From'] = me 7 msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 8 9 txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8') 10 msg.attach(txt) 11 12 # <b>:黑体 <i>:斜体 13 msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img alt="" src="cid:image1" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8') 14 msg.attach(msgText) 15 16 file1 = "F://1.jpg" 17 image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read()) 18 image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') 19 msg.attach(image) 20 21 try: 22 server = smtplib.SMTP() 23 server.connect(mail_host) 24 server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 25 server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) 26 server.close() 27 return True 28 except Exception, e: 29 print str(e) 30 return False 31 32 if __name__ == '__main__': 33 sub = "天才白痴梦" 34 html = '<html></html>' 35 if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html): 36 print "发送成功" 37 else: 38 print "发送失败"
1 def send_mail(to_list, sub, content): 2 me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">" 3 4 msg = MIMEMultipart() 5 msg['Subject'] = sub # 邮件主题 6 msg['From'] = me 7 msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 8 9 txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8') 10 msg.attach(txt) 11 12 # # <b>:黑体 <i>:斜体 13 # msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img alt="" src="cid:image1" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8') 14 # msg.attach(msgText) 15 # 16 # file1 = "F://1.jpg" 17 # image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read()) 18 # image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>') 19 # msg.attach(image) 20 21 att = MIMEText(open('F://1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') 22 att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' 23 att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"' 24 msg.attach(att) 25 26 try: 27 server = smtplib.SMTP() 28 server.connect(mail_host) 29 server.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 30 server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string()) 31 server.close() 32 return True 33 except Exception, e: 34 print str(e) 35 return False
1 mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址
上面这一行代码是邮件接收方的邮件地址,如果我们需要给多人发送邮件的话,就只需要把对方的邮件帐号绑在这一个列表里就ok了。
加密SMTP
使用标准的25端口连接SMTP服务器时,使用的是明文传输,发送邮件的整个过程可能会被窃听。要更安全地发送邮件,可以加密SMTP会话,实际上就是先创建SSL安全连接,然后再使用SMTP协议发送邮件。
方法:只需要在创建SMTP对象后,立刻调用starttls()方法,就创建了安全连接。
1 smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com' 2 smtp_port = 25 # 默认端口号为25 3 server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port) 4 server.starttls() 5 # 剩下的代码和前面的一模一样: 6 server.set_debuglevel(1) # 打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息