首先说一下SparseArray是什么东西,在java中我们也没见过这个API啊,哦,原来是android中定义的一个类,按字面意思来说是一个稀疏数组,但通过源码注释我们发现它和数组有很大的区别:
SparseArrays map integers to Objects. Unlike a normal array of Objects, * there can be gaps in the indices. It is intended to be more memory efficient * than using a HashMap to map Integers to Objects, both because it avoids * auto-boxing keys and its data structure doesn't rely on an extra entry object * for each mapping.
我们通过这段注释大体知道,android希望我们用SparseArray在一些情况下代替HashMap来使用,因为它有更好的性能,大家都知道内存是非常宝贵的,尤其是在手机上。
再看一下它的两个构造函数:
/** * Creates a new SparseArray containing no mappings. */ public SparseArray() { this(10); } /** * Creates a new SparseArray containing no mappings that will not * require any additional memory allocation to store the specified * number of mappings. If you supply an initial capacity of 0, the * sparse array will be initialized with a light-weight representation * not requiring any additional array allocations. */ public SparseArray(int initialCapacity) { if (initialCapacity == 0) { mKeys = EmptyArray.INT; mValues = EmptyArray.OBJECT; } else { mValues = ArrayUtils.newUnpaddedObjectArray(initialCapacity); mKeys = new int[mValues.length]; } mSize = 0; }
发现其默认的key-value数组大小是10,当然也可以是自定义的。
SparseArray中有一些和HashMap中相似的实用方法,比如:
put(int key, E value) get(int key) get(int key, E valueIfKeyNotFound) delete(int key) removeAt(int index) keyAt(int index) valueAt(int index) 等等。
随便分析一个方法,比如put(int key,E value):
/** * Adds a mapping from the specified key to the specified value, * replacing the previous mapping from the specified key if there * was one. */ public void put(int key, E value) { int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key); if (i >= 0) { mValues[i] = value; } else { i = ~i; if (i < mSize && mValues[i] == DELETED) { mKeys[i] = key; mValues[i] = value; return; } if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) { gc(); // Search again because indices may have changed. i = ~ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key); } mKeys = GrowingArrayUtils.insert(mKeys, mSize, i, key); mValues = GrowingArrayUtils.insert(mValues, mSize, i, value); mSize++; } }
代码中首先查询该key在SparseArray中是否已经存在,若存在,替换掉,若不存在,把对应的key和value插入到对应的数组中,然后mSize++。大家注意到在查询key时使用的折半查找,看源码:
class ContainerHelpers { // This is Arrays.binarySearch(), but doesn't do any argument validation. static int binarySearch(int[] array, int size, int value) { int lo = 0; int hi = size - 1; while (lo <= hi) { final int mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1; final int midVal = array[mid]; if (midVal < value) { lo = mid + 1; } else if (midVal > value) { hi = mid - 1; } else { return mid; // value found } } return ~lo; // value not present } static int binarySearch(long[] array, int size, long value) { int lo = 0; int hi = size - 1; while (lo <= hi) { final int mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1; final long midVal = array[mid]; if (midVal < value) { lo = mid + 1; } else if (midVal > value) { hi = mid - 1; } else { return mid; // value found } } return ~lo; // value not present } }
哇哦,是不是我们在java中常用的一种查找方式。
知道了这些之后,我们以后就可以使用SparseArray来代替HashMap了,但是要注意SparseArray中的key是int类型,若实际中不是int类型,还得乖乖的使用map,另外,根据key-value中的value类型不同,android又给封装了SparseIntArray,SparseBooleanArray,SparseLongArray等等,使用方法和SparseArray都大同小异,只要你会使用Map,那么你就会使用SparseArray。