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配置apache和nginx的tomcat负载均衡

本篇文章主要介绍apache和nginx的相关配置,tomcat的相关安装配置我在前面有写过一篇,详细介绍通过两种配置方法配置nginx。

tomcat配置参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/chenmh/p/5048893.html

apache配置

源码安装

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache (安装目录) make make install 

对于2.4以上版本的apache在进行源码安装的时候有的机器会提示缺少部分插件例如:apr、apr-util、pcre,需要先将这些插件安装好然后再安装apache

YUM安装

 yum install httpd 

配置tomcate负载均衡

进入安装目录cnf.d文件夹下面,创建一个.conf后缀的文件

 touch apa.conf 
 vim apa.cnf 
 Listen 8051 <VirtualHost *:8051>  ServerAdmin root@localhost ServerName  localhost  ErrorLog    "/etc/httpd/logs/app_error.log"  CustomLog   "/etc/httpd/logs/app_access.log" common  ProxyPass /   balancer://cluster/  stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid nofailover=On lbmethod=byrequests timeout=5 maxattempts=3   ProxyPassReverse / balancer://cluster/  ProxyRequests Off  ProxyPreserveHost On <proxy balancer://cluster>  #BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8009 route=tomcat_a BalancerMember http://localhost:8080/Front  #BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8010 route=tomcat_b BalancerMember http://localhost:8081/Front   </proxy>  </VirtualHost> 

配置文件一开始配置了apache的端口8051,然后在最下面配置了连接tomcat的项目端口,我这里的配置的apache和tomcat都在一台服务器上面分别使用了不同的端口,在tomcat的webapps路径下面创建了一个Front项目,项目下面存放了一个test.jsp的测试页面

 cd /usr/local/tomcat1/webapps  mkdir Front  cd Front  touch test.jsp  vim test.jsp 
 <font color=red>testa</font><b> 

同样在tomcat2中也使用同样的方法创建测试页面,但是将testa改成testb

接下来确保8051端口被启用,也可以关闭防火墙,tomcat1、tomcat2都已启动,启动方法参考前面我写的关于tomcat的文章,确保httpd也以启动,如果已经将httpd加入了启动服务,

 启动http服务 service httpd start 查看服务启动状态 service httpd status 

接下来在浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8051/test.jsp

配置apache和nginx的tomcat负载均衡

配置apache和nginx的tomcat负载均衡

如果刷新连接页面结果是在testa和testb之间切换,说明配置成功。

nginx配置

源码安装

 创建nginx用户组 groupadd nginx  创建nginx用户 useradd -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin nginx  安装相关插件 yum install –y make zlib-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel  解压nginx安装包 tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz  进入安装包 cd nginx-1.8.0  安装  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module  make && make install 

单个文件配置方法

创建测试页面

 cd /usr/local/tomcat1/webapps  mkdir MFront  cd MFront  touch index.jsp  vim index.jsp   <font color=red>MFronttesta</font><b> 

tomcat2也同样操作,将MFronttesta改成MFronttestb

配置文件

 cd /usr/local/nginx/conf  vim nginx.conf 
 user nginx nginx;    worker_processes 8;    pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;    worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;    events    {    use epoll;    worker_connections 102400;    }    http    {      include       mime.types;      default_type  application/octet-stream;      fastcgi_intercept_errors on;      charset  utf-8;      server_names_hash_bucket_size 512;      client_header_buffer_size 1024k;      large_client_header_buffers 4 128k;      client_max_body_size 300m;      sendfile on;      tcp_nopush     on;             keepalive_timeout 600;             tcp_nodelay on;      client_body_buffer_size  512k;           proxy_connect_timeout    5;      proxy_read_timeout       600;      proxy_send_timeout       50;      proxy_buffer_size        16k;      proxy_buffers            4 64k;      proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;      proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;             gzip on;      gzip_min_length  1k;      gzip_buffers     4 16k;      gzip_http_version 1.1;      gzip_comp_level 2;      gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;      gzip_vary on;           ###2012-12-19 change nginx logs    log_format  main  '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                 '"$http_user_agent"  $request_time $remote_addr';                       upstream Front {     server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;     server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;    }    upstream MFront {  server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;  server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; }       ####chinaapp.sinaapp.com    server {        listen 80;        server_name  localhost;                 location /Front       {        proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;        proxy_set_header Host  $host;        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;        proxy_pass http://Front;        expires      3d;        }        location /MFront     {     proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;     proxy_set_header Host  $host;     proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;     proxy_pass http://MFront;     expires      3d;     }          }         } 

注意标红色的地方,配置文件中我配置了两个项目分别是Front和MFront,在下面定义server里面的项目名称一定要跟上面配置负载的姓名名称保持一致否则会出错。

多个配置文件配置方法

对于需要配置多个项目的时候如果所有的信息都配置在一个nginx配置文件当中会导致配置文件内容过长,不好查看,下面就使用多个配置文件的配置方法

 cd /usr/local/nginx/conf  创建相关联的配置文件 touch gzip.conf  proxy.conf host.conf web.conf 

vim nginx.conf

 user  nginx nginx; worker_processes  4;   # 工作进程数,为CPU的核心数或者两倍 error_log   logs/error.log  crit; # debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit pid        logs/nginx.pid;  events {     use epoll;                            #Linux最常用支持大并发的事件触发机制     worker_connections  65535; }  http {     include       mime.types;             #设定mime类型,类型由mime.type文件定义     default_type  application/octet-stream;     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';     access_log  logs/access.log  main;  #设定请求缓冲     server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;    #增加,原为128     client_header_buffer_size 256k;       #增加,原为32k     large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;   #增加,原为32k     types_hash_max_size 2048;      proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size   1024;      proxy_headers_hash_max_size   512;     #size limits    client_max_body_size          50m;    #允许客户端请求的最大的单个文件字节数    client_header_timeout         3m;    client_body_timeout           3m;    send_timeout                  3m;     sendfile                      on;     tcp_nopush                    on;     keepalive_timeout             120;    tcp_nodelay                   on;    server_tokens                 off;    #不显示nginx版本信息     #  client_body_buffer_size         1024K;    # client_header_buffer_size       128k;    # client_max_body_size            512m;    # large_client_header_buffers     8 128k;    #  client_body_timeout             10;   #  client_header_timeout           10;   #  keepalive_timeout               60;   #  send_timeout                    10;      limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m; #添加limit_zone,限制同一IP并发数     #fastcgi_intercept_errors on;        #开启错误页面跳转      include  gzip.conf;    #压缩配置文件     include  proxy.conf;    #proxy_cache参数配置文件     include  host.conf;    #nginx虚拟主机包含文件目录     include  web.conf;    #后端WEB服务器列表文件 } 

注意最后的include这4个相关配置文件,其它的一些相关配置分别在这四个配置文件中配置。

cat gzip.conf

 #启动预压缩功能,对所有类型的文件都有效 gzip_static on;    #开启nginx_static后,对于任何文件都会先查找是否有对应的gz文件  #找不到预压缩文件,进行动态压缩 gzip on; gzip_min_length   1k;  #设置最小的压缩值,单位为bytes.超过设置的min_length的值会进行压缩,小于的不压缩. gzip_comp_level   3;   #压缩等级设置,1-9,1是最小压缩,速度也是最快的;9刚好相反,最大的压缩,速度是最慢的,消耗的CPU资源也多 gzip_buffers      16 64k;   #设置系统的缓存大小,以存储GZIP压缩结果的数据流,它可以避免nginx频烦向系统申请压缩空间大小 gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/javascript;  #关于gzip_types,如果你想让图片也开启gzip压缩,那么用以下这段吧: #gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;  #gzip公共配置 gzip_http_version 1.1;      #识别http的协议版本(1.0/1.1) gzip_proxied      any;      #设置使用代理时是否进行压缩,默认是off的 gzip_vary         on;       #和http头有关系,加个vary头,代理判断是否需要压缩 gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]."; #禁用IE6的gzip压缩 

cat proxy.conf

 proxy_temp_path   /tmp/proxy_temp; proxy_cache_path  /tmp/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=3g; #client_body_buffer_size  512k;     #原为512k proxy_connect_timeout    50;       #代理连接超时 proxy_read_timeout       600;      #代理发送超时 proxy_send_timeout       600;      #代理接收超时 proxy_buffer_size        128k;     #代理缓冲大小,原为32k proxy_buffers           16 256k;   #代理缓冲,原为4 64k proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;      #高负荷下缓冲大小,原为128k proxy_temp_file_write_size 1024m;  #proxy缓存临时文件的大小原为128k #proxy_ignore_client_abort  on;    #不允许代理端主动关闭连接 proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404 http_502 http_504; ~                                                                                                

cat host.conf

 server {         listen       80;         server_name  localhost;         #charset GB2312;  location /MFront {                         proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;                         proxy_set_header Host $host;                         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;                         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $http_x_forwarded_for;                         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;                         proxy_redirect                off;                         proxy_http_version 1.1;                         proxy_set_header Connection "";                         proxy_pass http://MFront;        } location /Front {                         proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;                         proxy_set_header Host $host;                         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;                         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $http_x_forwarded_for;                         proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;                         proxy_redirect                off;                         proxy_http_version 1.1;                         proxy_set_header Connection "";                         proxy_pass http://Front;        }  } 

cat web.conf

 upstream MFront {   server 127.0.0.1:8080  max_fails=1 fail_timeout=60s;   server 127.0.0.1:8081  max_fails=1 fail_timeout=60s; } upstream Front {   server 127.0.0.1:8080  max_fails=1 fail_timeout=60s;   server 127.0.0.1:8081  max_fails=1 fail_timeout=60s; } 

特别要注意web.conf配置文件中的项目要和host.conf配置文件中的项目名称保持一致

接下来在url中输入:http://localhost/MFront/

配置apache和nginx的tomcat负载均衡

配置apache和nginx的tomcat负载均衡

同样显示内容会在MFronttesta和MFronttestb之间切换说明配置正确

配置nginx启动

vim /etc/init.d/nginx

 #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 345 99 20 # description: nginx  PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" case "$1" in start) $PROG echo "Nginx servicestart success." ;; stop) kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF) echo "Nginx service stopsuccess." ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; reload) kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF) echo"reload Nginx configsuccess." ;; *) echo "Usage: $0{start|stop|restart|reload}" exit 1 esac 
 授予可执行文件 chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx 
 #添加到启动服务 chkconfig --add nginx  #配置自动启动 chkconfig --level 2345 nginx on 

总结

对于配置文件中还有很多参数的调配这里就暂时不做细说,如果后面有时间的话会单独讲。

备注:

作者: pursuer.chen

博客: http://www.cnblogs.com/chenmh

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原文  http://www.cnblogs.com/chenmh/p/5121830.html
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