转载

如何让Redis与Go密切配合

这篇blog将给大家介绍在go语言项目使用Redis作为数据持久层。开始之前我将介绍几个基本概念，然后构建一个go web项目来展示如何让Redis实现安全的并发。

这篇blog是假设你是了解Redis的一些东西的，如果你之前没有学习或者了解过Redis。我建议你先去阅读一些Redis的知识再来看这篇blog效果更好。

安装驱动

第一步我们需要安装Redis的go语言驱动程序，大家可以在这个列表中选择一个 http://redis.io/clients#go

这篇blog的示例我还是选择了 Radix.v2 作为驱动程序。因为它维护的很好，API用起来也很舒服，如果你也想用的话可以在终端执行下面的命令：

$ go get github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2

$ gogetgithub.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2

有一点要注意的是Radix.v2的包被分为了( cluster , pool , pubsub , redis , sentinel and util )6个子包。最开始我们只需要使用其中的redis包。

import (     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis" )

import (     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis" )

开始使用 Radix.v2

作为示例程序，我们为它设定一个场景也就是所谓的需求。假设我们有一个在线的唱片店，并希望存储有关的专辑的销售信息存储在Redis中。我们可以有很多不同的方式来设计数据模式。我希望我们的model是简单的并且通过hash的方式来存储我们的专辑信息包括标题，艺术家和价格之类的字段。

我们可以通过Redis的CLI 执行HMSET命令：

127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET album:1 title "Electric Ladyland" artist "Jimi Hendrix" price 4.95 likes 8 OK

127.0.0.1:6379> HMSETalbum:1 title "Electric Ladyland" artist "Jimi Hendrix" price 4.95 likes 8 OK

如果我们在Go项目中来做同样的操作，我们就需要通过Radix.v2 redis包来实现，首先需要Dial()函数，需要它返回一个新的connection。第二个我们需要使用client.Cmd()方法。通过他我们可以发送一个命令到我们的服务器，这里会返回给我们一个Resp对象的指针。

我们来看一个简单的示例：

File: main.go package main  import (     "fmt"     // Import the Radix.v2 redis package.     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log" )  func main() {     // Establish a connection to the Redis server listening on port 6379 of the     // local machine. 6379 is the default port, so unless you've already     // changed the Redis configuration file this should work.     conn, err := redis.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6379")     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }     // Importantly, use defer to ensure the connection is always properly     // closed before exiting the main() function.     defer conn.Close()      // Send our command across the connection. The first parameter to Cmd()     // is always the name of the Redis command (in this example HMSET),     // optionally followed by any necessary arguments (in this example the     // key, followed by the various hash fields and values).     resp := conn.Cmd("HMSET", "album:1", "title", "Electric Ladyland", "artist", "Jimi Hendrix", "price", 4.95, "likes", 8)     // Check the Err field of the *Resp object for any errors.     if resp.Err != nil {         log.Fatal(resp.Err)     }      fmt.Println("Electric Ladyland added!") }

File: main.go package main   import (     "fmt"     // Import the Radix.v2 redis package.     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log" )   funcmain() {     // Establish a connection to the Redis server listening on port 6379 of the     // local machine. 6379 is the default port, so unless you've already     // changed the Redis configuration file this should work.     conn, err := redis.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6379")     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }     // Importantly, use defer to ensure the connection is always properly     // closed before exiting the main() function.     deferconn.Close()       // Send our command across the connection. The first parameter to Cmd()     // is always the name of the Redis command (in this example HMSET),     // optionally followed by any necessary arguments (in this example the     // key, followed by the various hash fields and values).     resp := conn.Cmd("HMSET", "album:1", "title", "Electric Ladyland", "artist", "Jimi Hendrix", "price", 4.95, "likes", 8)     // Check the Err field of the *Resp object for any errors.     if resp.Err != nil {         log.Fatal(resp.Err)     }       fmt.Println("Electric Ladyland added!") }

在这个示例中我们所关心的并不是Redis会返回什么。因为所有成功的操作都会返回一个“OK”的字符串。所以我们不需要对 *Resp对象做错误检查。

在这样的情况下我们只需要检查err就好了：

err = conn.Cmd("HMSET", "album:1", "title", "Electric Ladyland", "artist", "Jimi Hendrix", "price", 4.95, "likes", 8).Err if err != nil {     log.Fatal(err) }

err = conn.Cmd("HMSET", "album:1", "title", "Electric Ladyland", "artist", "Jimi Hendrix", "price", 4.95, "likes", 8).Err if err != nil {     log.Fatal(err) }

回复处理

如果我们留意Redis的回复的话，我们发现Resp对象有很多有用的函数让Go的类型转换变得容易：

Resp.Bytes() – converts a single reply to a byte slice ( []byte )
Resp.Float64() – converts a single reply to a Float64
Resp.Int() – converts a single reply to a int
Resp.Int64() – converts a single reply to a int64
Resp.Str() – converts a single reply to a string

Resp.Array() – converts an array reply to an slice of individual Resp objects ([]*Resp)
Resp.List() – converts an array reply to an slice of strings ([]string)
Resp.ListBytes() – converts an array reply to an slice of byte slices ([][]byte)
Resp.Map() – converts an array reply to a map of strings, using each item in the array reply alternately as the keys and values for the map (map[string]string)

接下来我们使用HGET 命令获取一些专辑的数据：

package main  import (     "fmt"     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log" )  func main() {     conn, err := redis.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6379")     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }     defer conn.Close()      // Issue a HGET command to retrieve the title for a specific album, and use     // the Str() helper method to convert the reply to a string.     title, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "title").Str()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }      // Similarly, get the artist and convert it to a string.     artist, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "artist").Str()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }      // And the price as a float64...     price, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "price").Float64()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }      // And the number of likes as an integer.     likes, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "likes").Int()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }      fmt.Printf("%s by %s: £%.2f [%d likes]/n", title, artist, price, likes) }

package main   import (     "fmt"     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log" )   funcmain() {     conn, err := redis.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6379")     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }     deferconn.Close()       // Issue a HGET command to retrieve the title for a specific album, and use     // the Str() helper method to convert the reply to a string.     title, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "title").Str()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }       // Similarly, get the artist and convert it to a string.     artist, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "artist").Str()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }       // And the price as a float64...     price, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "price").Float64()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }       // And the number of likes as an integer.     likes, err := conn.Cmd("HGET", "album:1", "likes").Int()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }       fmt.Printf("%s by %s: £%.2f [%d likes]/n", title, artist, price, likes) }

值得指出的是，当我们使用这些方法的时候，这时候的错误返回会设置一种或者2种错误：一种是任一命令执行失败，或者返回数据转换成了我们需要要的类型。这样的话我们就不知道错误是哪一种了？除非我们检查错误消息的方式。

如果我们执行代码我们将会看到：

$ go run main.go Electric Ladyland by Jimi Hendrix: £4.95 [8 likes]

$ gorunmain.go ElectricLadylandbyJimiHendrix: £4.95 [8 likes]

现在让我们来看一个更完整的例子，我们使用HGETALL命令来获取专辑的信息：

File: main.go package main  import (     "fmt"     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log"     "strconv" )  // Define a custom struct to hold Album data. type Album struct {     Title  string     Artist string     Price  float64     Likes  int }  func main() {     conn, err := redis.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6379")     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }     defer conn.Close()      // Fetch all album fields with the HGETALL command. Because HGETALL     // returns an array reply, and because the underlying data structure in     // Redis is a hash, it makes sense to use the Map() helper function to     // convert the reply to a map[string]string.     reply, err := conn.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:1").Map()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }      // Use the populateAlbum helper function to create a new Album object from     // the map[string]string.     ab, err := populateAlbum(reply)     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }      fmt.Println(ab) }  // Create, populate and return a pointer to a new Album struct, based on data // from a map[string]string. func populateAlbum(reply map[string]string) (*Album, error) {     var err error     ab := new(Album)     ab.Title = reply["title"]     ab.Artist = reply["artist"]     // We need to use the strconv package to convert the 'price' value from a     // string to a float64 before assigning it.     ab.Price, err = strconv.ParseFloat(reply["price"], 64)     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     // Similarly, we need to convert the 'likes' value from a string to an     // integer.     ab.Likes, err = strconv.Atoi(reply["likes"])     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     return ab, nil }

File: main.go package main   import (     "fmt"     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log"     "strconv" )   // Define a custom struct to hold Album data. type Album struct {     Title  string     Artiststring     Price  float64     Likes  int }   funcmain() {     conn, err := redis.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6379")     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }     deferconn.Close()       // Fetch all album fields with the HGETALL command. Because HGETALL     // returns an array reply, and because the underlying data structure in     // Redis is a hash, it makes sense to use the Map() helper function to     // convert the reply to a map[string]string.     reply, err := conn.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:1").Map()     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }       // Use the populateAlbum helper function to create a new Album object from     // the map[string]string.     ab, err := populateAlbum(reply)     if err != nil {         log.Fatal(err)     }       fmt.Println(ab) }   // Create, populate and return a pointer to a new Album struct, based on data // from a map[string]string. funcpopulateAlbum(replymap[string]string) (*Album, error) {     var errerror     ab := new(Album)     ab.Title = reply["title"]     ab.Artist = reply["artist"]     // We need to use the strconv package to convert the 'price' value from a     // string to a float64 before assigning it.     ab.Price, err = strconv.ParseFloat(reply["price"], 64)     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     // Similarly, we need to convert the 'likes' value from a string to an     // integer.     ab.Likes, err = strconv.Atoi(reply["likes"])     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     return ab, nil }

我们执行代码将会看到下面的输出：

$ go run main.go &{Electric Ladyland Jimi Hendrix 4.95 8}

$ gorunmain.go &{ElectricLadylandJimiHendrix 4.95 8}

在Web项目中使用

一个重要事情就是我们知道什么是并发不安全的使用Radix.v2中的redis包。

如果我们要访问一个Redis服务器而通过多个goroutines，那我我们在web项目中就需要使用pool包来替换redis。这将是我们能够建立连接池，每次使用连接我们只需要从连接池中获取就可以了。

执行命令，然后返回到连接池中。

简单的介绍下我们的Web项目的结构：

Method	Path	Function
GET	/album?id=1	Show details of a specific album (using the id providedin the query string)
POST	/like	Add a new like for a specific album (using the idprovided in the request body)
GET	/popular	List the top 3 most liked albums in order

如果你想和我的结构一样的话你可以跟着我下面的命令操作：

$ cd $GOPATH/src $ mkdir -p recordstore/models $ cd recordstore $ touch main.go models/albums.go $ tree . ├── main.go └── models     └── albums.go

$ cd $GOPATH/src $ mkdir -p recordstore/models $ cdrecordstore $ touchmain.gomodels/albums.go $ tree . ├── main.go └── models     └── albums.go

然后我们通过Redis CLI 保存一些专辑数据，这样我们等下就有测试数据了。

HMSET album:1 title "Electric Ladyland" artist "Jimi Hendrix" price 4.95 likes 8 HMSET album:2 title "Back in Black" artist "AC/DC" price 5.95 likes 3 HMSET album:3 title "Rumours" artist "Fleetwood Mac" price 7.95 likes 12 HMSET album:4 title "Nevermind" artist "Nirvana" price 5.95 likes 8 ZADD likes 8 1 3 2 12 3 8 4

HMSETalbum:1 title "Electric Ladyland" artist "Jimi Hendrix" price 4.95 likes 8 HMSETalbum:2 title "Back in Black" artist "AC/DC" price 5.95 likes 3 HMSETalbum:3 title "Rumours" artist "Fleetwood Mac" price 7.95 likes 12 HMSETalbum:4 title "Nevermind" artist "Nirvana" price 5.95 likes 8 ZADDlikes 8 1 3 2 12 3 8 4

我们将遵循MVC的模式来构建我们的项目，我们使用 models/albums.go文件来实现我们Redis的逻辑处理，在models/albums.go文件中我们将使用init()函数来建立启动我们的Redis连接池。然后我们也会重构之前我们写的FindAlbum()函数。然后我们我们通过HTTP handlers来使用它：

File: models/albums.go package models  import (     "errors"     // Import the Radix.v2 pool package, NOT the redis package.     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/pool"     "log"     "strconv" )  // Declare a global db variable to store the Redis connection pool. var db *pool.Pool  func init() {     var err error     // Establish a pool of 10 connections to the Redis server listening on     // port 6379 of the local machine.     db, err = pool.New("tcp", "localhost:6379", 10)     if err != nil {         log.Panic(err)     } }  // Create a new error message and store it as a constant. We'll use this // error later if the FindAlbum() function fails to find an album with a // specific id. var ErrNoAlbum = errors.New("models: no album found")  type Album struct {     Title  string     Artist string     Price  float64     Likes  int }  func populateAlbum(reply map[string]string) (*Album, error) {     var err error     ab := new(Album)     ab.Title = reply["title"]     ab.Artist = reply["artist"]     ab.Price, err = strconv.ParseFloat(reply["price"], 64)     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     ab.Likes, err = strconv.Atoi(reply["likes"])     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     return ab, nil }  func FindAlbum(id string) (*Album, error) {     // Use the connection pool's Get() method to fetch a single Redis     // connection from the pool.     conn, err := db.Get()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     // Importantly, use defer and the connection pool's Put() method to ensure     // that the connection is always put back in the pool before FindAlbum()     // exits.     defer db.Put(conn)      // Fetch the details of a specific album. If no album is found with the     // given id, the map[string]string returned by the Map() helper method     // will be empty. So we can simply check whether it's length is zero and     // return an ErrNoAlbum message if necessary.     reply, err := conn.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:"+id).Map()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     } else if len(reply) == 0 {         return nil, ErrNoAlbum     }      return populateAlbum(reply) }

File: models/albums.go package models   import (     "errors"     // Import the Radix.v2 pool package, NOT the redis package.     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/pool"     "log"     "strconv" )   // Declare a global db variable to store the Redis connection pool. var db *pool.Pool   funcinit() {     var errerror     // Establish a pool of 10 connections to the Redis server listening on     // port 6379 of the local machine.     db, err = pool.New("tcp", "localhost:6379", 10)     if err != nil {         log.Panic(err)     } }   // Create a new error message and store it as a constant. We'll use this // error later if the FindAlbum() function fails to find an album with a // specific id. var ErrNoAlbum = errors.New("models: no album found")   type Album struct {     Title  string     Artiststring     Price  float64     Likes  int }   funcpopulateAlbum(replymap[string]string) (*Album, error) {     var errerror     ab := new(Album)     ab.Title = reply["title"]     ab.Artist = reply["artist"]     ab.Price, err = strconv.ParseFloat(reply["price"], 64)     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     ab.Likes, err = strconv.Atoi(reply["likes"])     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     return ab, nil }   funcFindAlbum(idstring) (*Album, error) {     // Use the connection pool's Get() method to fetch a single Redis     // connection from the pool.     conn, err := db.Get()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     // Importantly, use defer and the connection pool's Put() method to ensure     // that the connection is always put back in the pool before FindAlbum()     // exits.     deferdb.Put(conn)       // Fetch the details of a specific album. If no album is found with the     // given id, the map[string]string returned by the Map() helper method     // will be empty. So we can simply check whether it's length is zero and     // return an ErrNoAlbum message if necessary.     reply, err := conn.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:"+id).Map()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     } else if len(reply) == 0 {         return nil, ErrNoAlbum     }       return populateAlbum(reply) }

值得我们着重讲解一下的是pool.New()函数。在上面的代码中我们指定连接池的大小为10，它只是空闲时候在池中等待的数量。如果1o个连接都使用了的话，那时候将会调用 pool.Get()创建新的链接。

当你只有一个连接发出命令的话，比如上面的FindAlbum()函数，有可能会使用pool.Cmd()的快捷方式。这将自动从连接池中获取一个新的连接，执行给定的命令、然后将连接返回连接池。

这是我们重构了之后的FindAlbum()函数：

func FindAlbum(id string) (*Album, error) {     reply, err := db.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:"+id).Map()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     } else if len(reply) == 0 {         return nil, ErrNoAlbum     }      return populateAlbum(reply) }

funcFindAlbum(idstring) (*Album, error) {     reply, err := db.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:"+id).Map()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     } else if len(reply) == 0 {         return nil, ErrNoAlbum     }       return populateAlbum(reply) }

好了，让我们来看看我们的main.go的文件如何实现的：

File: main.go package main  import (     "fmt"     "net/http"     "recordstore/models"     "strconv" )  func main() {     // Use the showAlbum handler for all requests with a URL path beginning     // '/album'.     http.HandleFunc("/album", showAlbum)     http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil) }  func showAlbum(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {     // Unless the request is using the GET method, return a 405 'Method Not     // Allowed' response.     if r.Method != "GET" {         w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET")         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(405), 405)         return     }      // Retrieve the id from the request URL query string. If there is no id     // key in the query string then Get() will return an empty string. We     // check for this, returning a 400 Bad Request response if it's missing.     id := r.URL.Query().Get("id")     if id == "" {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }     // Validate that the id is a valid integer by trying to convert it,     // returning a 400 Bad Request response if the conversion fails.     if _, err := strconv.Atoi(id); err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }      // Call the FindAlbum() function passing in the user-provided id. If     // there's no matching album found, return a 404 Not Found response. In     // the event of any other errors, return a 500 Internal Server Error     // response.     bk, err := models.FindAlbum(id)     if err == models.ErrNoAlbum {         http.NotFound(w, r)         return     } else if err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(500), 500)         return     }      // Write the album details as plain text to the client.     fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s by %s: £%.2f [%d likes] /n", bk.Title, bk.Artist, bk.Price, bk.Likes) }

File: main.go package main   import (     "fmt"     "net/http"     "recordstore/models"     "strconv" )   funcmain() {     // Use the showAlbum handler for all requests with a URL path beginning     // '/album'.     http.HandleFunc("/album", showAlbum)     http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil) }   funcshowAlbum(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {     // Unless the request is using the GET method, return a 405 'Method Not     // Allowed' response.     if r.Method != "GET" {         w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET")         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(405), 405)         return     }       // Retrieve the id from the request URL query string. If there is no id     // key in the query string then Get() will return an empty string. We     // check for this, returning a 400 Bad Request response if it's missing.     id := r.URL.Query().Get("id")     if id == "" {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }     // Validate that the id is a valid integer by trying to convert it,     // returning a 400 Bad Request response if the conversion fails.     if _, err := strconv.Atoi(id); err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }       // Call the FindAlbum() function passing in the user-provided id. If     // there's no matching album found, return a 404 Not Found response. In     // the event of any other errors, return a 500 Internal Server Error     // response.     bk, err := models.FindAlbum(id)     if err == models.ErrNoAlbum {         http.NotFound(w, r)         return     } else if err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(500), 500)         return     }       // Write the album details as plain text to the client.     fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s by %s: £%.2f [%d likes] /n", bk.Title, bk.Artist, bk.Price, bk.Likes) }

执行我们的代码：

$ go run main.go

$ gorunmain.go

通过cURL来测试我们的请求，我们也可以通过postman之类的工具：

$ curl -i localhost:3000/album?id=2 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 42 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8  Back in Black by AC/DC: £5.95 [3 likes]

$ curl -i localhost:3000/album?id=2 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 42 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8   Backin BlackbyAC/DC: £5.95 [3 likes]

使用事务

我们的第二个路由POST /likes

当我们的用户如果喜欢（点赞）我们的专辑的时候，我们需要执行2条不同的命令：使用HINCRBY来增加likes字段的值，和使用ZINCRBY来增加相应的score在我们的likes的有序集合中。

那么这里就会产生一个问题。理想情况下，我们希望这两个键在完全相同的时间递增作为一个原子操作，当一个key完成更新后，其它数据不会与其发生争抢。

解决这个问题的办法就需要我们使用Redis事务，这让我们运行多个命令在一起作为一个原子团。我们可以使用MULTI命令来开启事务，随后执行我们的 HINCRBY 和 ZINCRBY，最后执行EXEC命令

让我们在model中创建一个新的 IncrementLikes()函数：

File: models/albums.go ... func IncrementLikes(id string) error {     conn, err := db.Get()     if err != nil {         return err     }     defer db.Put(conn)      // Before we do anything else, check that an album with the given id     // exists. The EXISTS command returns 1 if a specific key exists     // in the database, and 0 if it doesn't.     exists, err := conn.Cmd("EXISTS", "album:"+id).Int()     if err != nil {         return err     } else if exists == 0 {         return ErrNoAlbum     }      // Use the MULTI command to inform Redis that we are starting a new     // transaction.     err = conn.Cmd("MULTI").Err     if err != nil {         return err     }      // Increment the number of likes in the album hash by 1. Because it     // follows a MULTI command, this HINCRBY command is NOT executed but     // it is QUEUED as part of the transaction. We still need to check     // the reply's Err field at this point in case there was a problem     // queueing the command.     err = conn.Cmd("HINCRBY", "album:"+id, "likes", 1).Err     if err != nil {         return err     }     // And we do the same with the increment on our sorted set.     err = conn.Cmd("ZINCRBY", "likes", 1, id).Err     if err != nil {         return err     }      // Execute both commands in our transaction together as an atomic group.     // EXEC returns the replies from both commands as an array reply but,     // because we're not interested in either reply in this example, it     // suffices to simply check the reply's Err field for any errors.     err = conn.Cmd("EXEC").Err     if err != nil {         return err     }     return nil }

File: models/albums.go ... funcIncrementLikes(idstring) error {     conn, err := db.Get()     if err != nil {         return err     }     deferdb.Put(conn)       // Before we do anything else, check that an album with the given id     // exists. The EXISTS command returns 1 if a specific key exists     // in the database, and 0 if it doesn't.     exists, err := conn.Cmd("EXISTS", "album:"+id).Int()     if err != nil {         return err     } else if exists == 0 {         return ErrNoAlbum     }       // Use the MULTI command to inform Redis that we are starting a new     // transaction.     err = conn.Cmd("MULTI").Err     if err != nil {         return err     }       // Increment the number of likes in the album hash by 1. Because it     // follows a MULTI command, this HINCRBY command is NOT executed but     // it is QUEUED as part of the transaction. We still need to check     // the reply's Err field at this point in case there was a problem     // queueing the command.     err = conn.Cmd("HINCRBY", "album:"+id, "likes", 1).Err     if err != nil {         return err     }     // And we do the same with the increment on our sorted set.     err = conn.Cmd("ZINCRBY", "likes", 1, id).Err     if err != nil {         return err     }       // Execute both commands in our transaction together as an atomic group.     // EXEC returns the replies from both commands as an array reply but,     // because we're not interested in either reply in this example, it     // suffices to simply check the reply's Err field for any errors.     err = conn.Cmd("EXEC").Err     if err != nil {         return err     }     return nil }

我们也需要在 main.go文件中为route添加一个addLike()handler：

File: main.go func main() {     http.HandleFunc("/album", showAlbum)     http.HandleFunc("/like", addLike)     http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil) } ... func addLike(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {     // Unless the request is using the POST method, return a 405 'Method Not     // Allowed' response.     if r.Method != "POST" {         w.Header().Set("Allow", "POST")         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(405), 405)         return     }      // Retreive the id from the POST request body. If there is no parameter     // named "id" in the request body then PostFormValue() will return an     // empty string. We check for this, returning a 400 Bad Request response     // if it's missing.     id := r.PostFormValue("id")     if id == "" {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }     // Validate that the id is a valid integer by trying to convert it,     // returning a 400 Bad Request response if the conversion fails.     if _, err := strconv.Atoi(id); err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }      // Call the IncrementLikes() function passing in the user-provided id. If     // there's no album found with that id, return a 404 Not Found response.     // In the event of any other errors, return a 500 Internal Server Error     // response.     err := models.IncrementLikes(id)     if err == models.ErrNoAlbum {         http.NotFound(w, r)         return     } else if err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(500), 500)         return     }      // Redirect the client to the GET /ablum route, so they can see the     // impact their like has had.     http.Redirect(w, r, "/album?id="+id, 303) }

File: main.go funcmain() {     http.HandleFunc("/album", showAlbum)     http.HandleFunc("/like", addLike)     http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil) } ... funcaddLike(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {     // Unless the request is using the POST method, return a 405 'Method Not     // Allowed' response.     if r.Method != "POST" {         w.Header().Set("Allow", "POST")         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(405), 405)         return     }       // Retreive the id from the POST request body. If there is no parameter     // named "id" in the request body then PostFormValue() will return an     // empty string. We check for this, returning a 400 Bad Request response     // if it's missing.     id := r.PostFormValue("id")     if id == "" {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }     // Validate that the id is a valid integer by trying to convert it,     // returning a 400 Bad Request response if the conversion fails.     if _, err := strconv.Atoi(id); err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(400), 400)         return     }       // Call the IncrementLikes() function passing in the user-provided id. If     // there's no album found with that id, return a 404 Not Found response.     // In the event of any other errors, return a 500 Internal Server Error     // response.     err := models.IncrementLikes(id)     if err == models.ErrNoAlbum {         http.NotFound(w, r)         return     } else if err != nil {         http.Error(w, http.StatusText(500), 500)         return     }       // Redirect the client to the GET /ablum route, so they can see the     // impact their like has had.     http.Redirect(w, r, "/album?id="+id, 303) }

和之前一样我们来测试一下：

$ curl -i -L -d "id=2" localhost:3000/like HTTP/1.1 303 See Other Location: /album?id=2 Date: Thu, 25 Feb 2016 17:08:19 GMT Content-Length: 0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8  HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 42 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8  Back in Black by AC/DC: £5.95 [4 likes]

$ curl -i -L -d "id=2" localhost:3000/like HTTP/1.1 303 SeeOther Location: /album?id=2 Date: Thu, 25 Feb 2016 17:08:19 GMT Content-Length: 0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8   HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 42 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8   Backin BlackbyAC/DC: £5.95 [4 likes]

使用Watch命令

好了还剩下我们最后一个route: GET /popular，这个route将会现实我们最受欢迎的3个专辑的详细内容，我们将在models/albums.go中创建FindTopThree()函数，这这个函数中我们需要：

1.使用ZREVRANGE命令，去获取3条专家的最高分，从我们的likes字段的有序集合中

2.通过HGETALL命令循环获取存储在键的散列的所有字段和值，把它们存到 []*Album slice中

这里同样也可能会发送数据竞争的情况，如果第二个第二个客户端也碰巧需要只想我们刚刚的操作，我们用户可能会得到不正确的数据。

这个问题的解决方法就是使用Redis WATCH命令与事务结合使用。WATCH可以让Redis监控某个key的变化，如果其它客户端要更改我们监控的key在我们执行EXEC之前，那么事务将会失败并且会返回Nil。如果没有其它客户端在我们执行EXEC命令之前修改我们的数据。那么我的操作将正常执行：

File: models/albums.go package models  import (     "errors"     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/pool"     // Import the Radix.v2 redis package (we need access to its Nil type).     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log"     "strconv" ) ... func FindTopThree() ([]*Album, error) {     conn, err := db.Get()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     defer db.Put(conn)      // Begin an infinite loop.     for {         // Instruct Redis to watch the likes sorted set for any changes.         err = conn.Cmd("WATCH", "likes").Err         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }          // Use the ZREVRANGE command to fetch the album ids with the highest         // score (i.e. most likes) from our 'likes' sorted set. The ZREVRANGE         // start and stop values are zero-based indexes, so we use 0 and 2         // respectively to limit the reply to the top three. Because ZREVRANGE         // returns an array response, we use the List() helper function to         // convert the reply into a []string.         reply, err := conn.Cmd("ZREVRANGE", "likes", 0, 2).List()         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }          // Use the MULTI command to inform Redis that we are starting a new         // transaction.         err = conn.Cmd("MULTI").Err         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }          // Loop through the ids returned by ZREVRANGE, queuing HGETALL         // commands to fetch the individual album details.         for _, id := range reply {             err := conn.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:"+id).Err             if err != nil {                 return nil, err             }         }          // Execute the transaction. Importantly, use the Resp.IsType() method         // to check whether the reply from EXEC was nil or not. If it is nil         // it means that another client changed the WATCHed likes sorted set,         // so we use the continue command to re-run the loop.         ereply := conn.Cmd("EXEC")         if ereply.Err != nil {             return nil, err         } else if ereply.IsType(redis.Nil) {             continue         }          // Otherwise, use the Array() helper function to convert the         // transaction reply to an array of Resp objects ([]*Resp).         areply, err := ereply.Array()         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }          // Create a new slice to store the album details.         abs := make([]*Album, 3)          // Iterate through the array of Resp objects, using the Map() helper         // to convert the individual reply into a map[string]string, and then         // the populateAlbum function to create a new Album object         // from the map. Finally store them in order in the abs slice.         for i, reply := range areply {             mreply, err := reply.Map()             if err != nil {                 return nil, err             }             ab, err := populateAlbum(mreply)             if err != nil {                 return nil, err             }             abs[i] = ab         }          return abs, nil     } }

File: models/albums.go package models   import (     "errors"     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/pool"     // Import the Radix.v2 redis package (we need access to its Nil type).     "github.com/mediocregopher/radix.v2/redis"     "log"     "strconv" ) ... funcFindTopThree() ([]*Album, error) {     conn, err := db.Get()     if err != nil {         return nil, err     }     deferdb.Put(conn)       // Begin an infinite loop.     for {         // Instruct Redis to watch the likes sorted set for any changes.         err = conn.Cmd("WATCH", "likes").Err         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }           // Use the ZREVRANGE command to fetch the album ids with the highest         // score (i.e. most likes) from our 'likes' sorted set. The ZREVRANGE         // start and stop values are zero-based indexes, so we use 0 and 2         // respectively to limit the reply to the top three. Because ZREVRANGE         // returns an array response, we use the List() helper function to         // convert the reply into a []string.         reply, err := conn.Cmd("ZREVRANGE", "likes", 0, 2).List()         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }           // Use the MULTI command to inform Redis that we are starting a new         // transaction.         err = conn.Cmd("MULTI").Err         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }           // Loop through the ids returned by ZREVRANGE, queuing HGETALL         // commands to fetch the individual album details.         for _, id := range reply {             err := conn.Cmd("HGETALL", "album:"+id).Err             if err != nil {                 return nil, err             }         }           // Execute the transaction. Importantly, use the Resp.IsType() method         // to check whether the reply from EXEC was nil or not. If it is nil         // it means that another client changed the WATCHed likes sorted set,         // so we use the continue command to re-run the loop.         ereply := conn.Cmd("EXEC")         if ereply.Err != nil {             return nil, err         } else if ereply.IsType(redis.Nil) {             continue         }           // Otherwise, use the Array() helper function to convert the         // transaction reply to an array of Resp objects ([]*Resp).         areply, err := ereply.Array()         if err != nil {             return nil, err         }           // Create a new slice to store the album details.         abs := make([]*Album, 3)           // Iterate through the array of Resp objects, using the Map() helper         // to convert the individual reply into a map[string]string, and then         // the populateAlbum function to create a new Album object         // from the map. Finally store them in order in the abs slice.         for i, reply := range areply {             mreply, err := reply.Map()             if err != nil {                 return nil, err             }             ab, err := populateAlbum(mreply)             if err != nil {                 return nil, err             }             abs[i] = ab         }           return abs, nil     } }

和之前一样在route中添加我们的handle：

File: main.go func main() {     http.HandleFunc("/album", showAlbum)     http.HandleFunc("/like", addLike)     http.HandleFunc("/popular", listPopular)     http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil) } ... func listPopular(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {   // Unless the request is using the GET method, return a 405 'Method Not   // Allowed' response.   if r.Method != "GET" {     w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET")     http.Error(w, http.StatusText(405), 405)     return   }    // Call the FindTopThree() function, returning a return a 500 Internal   // Server Error response if there's any error.   abs, err := models.FindTopThree()   if err != nil {     http.Error(w, http.StatusText(500), 500)     return   }    // Loop through the 3 albums, writing the details as a plain text list   // to the client.   for i, ab := range abs {     fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d) %s by %s: £%.2f [%d likes] /n", i+1, ab.Title, ab.Artist, ab.Price, ab.Likes)   } }

File: main.go funcmain() {     http.HandleFunc("/album", showAlbum)     http.HandleFunc("/like", addLike)     http.HandleFunc("/popular", listPopular)     http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil) } ... funclistPopular(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {   // Unless the request is using the GET method, return a 405 'Method Not   // Allowed' response.   if r.Method != "GET" {     w.Header().Set("Allow", "GET")     http.Error(w, http.StatusText(405), 405)     return   }     // Call the FindTopThree() function, returning a return a 500 Internal   // Server Error response if there's any error.   abs, err := models.FindTopThree()   if err != nil {     http.Error(w, http.StatusText(500), 500)     return   }     // Loop through the 3 albums, writing the details as a plain text list   // to the client.   for i, ab := range abs {     fmt.Fprintf(w, "%d) %s by %s: £%.2f [%d likes] /n", i+1, ab.Title, ab.Artist, ab.Price, ab.Likes)   } }

通过curl 发送 GET /popular route请求，我们将看到：

$ curl -i localhost:3000/popular HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 147 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8  1) Rumours by Fleetwood Mac: £7.95 [12 likes] 2) Nevermind by Nirvana: £5.95 [8 likes] 3) Electric Ladyland by Jimi Hendrix: £4.95 [8 likes]

$ curl -i localhost:3000/popular HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 147 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8   1) RumoursbyFleetwoodMac: £7.95 [12 likes] 2) NevermindbyNirvana: £5.95 [8 likes] 3) ElectricLadylandbyJimiHendrix: £4.95 [8 likes]

英文原文链接： http://www.alexedwards.net/blog/working-with-redis

如何让Redis与Go密切配合

原文 https://xiequan.info/working-redis-go/

正文到此结束