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Linux搭建apache+php+mysql推荐教程

一、系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix):/usr/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置:/usr/local/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置:/var/lib/MySQL(可按情况设置)
Apache 网站根目录:/home/www/wwwroot(可按情况设置)
Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录:/home/www/logs(可按情况设置)
Apache 运行账户:www:www

二、系统环境部署及调整
1. 检查系统是否正常
# more /var/log/messages(检查有无系统级错误信息)
# dmesg(检查硬件设备是否有错误信息)
# ifconfig(检查网卡设置是否正确)
# ping www.163.com(检查网络是否正常)
2. 关闭不需要的服务
# ntsysv
以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务一律推荐关闭:
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
3. 重新启动系统
# init 6
4. 配置 vim
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv='mv -i' 下面添加一行:alias vi='vim' 保存退出。
# echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
5. 使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包(以下为标准的 RPM 包名称)
# yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex 
bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kerne
6. 定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行:
*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
7. 源码编译安装所需包 (Source)
需要下载的文件
gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
libxml2-2.6.30.tar.bz2
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
cronolog-1.7.0-beta.tar.gz
openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz (可选)
openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz (可选)
7.1 GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
7.2 LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.bz2
# cd libxml2-2.6.30
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
7.3 LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
7.4 Apache日志截断程序
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.7.0-beta.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.7.0-beta
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
8. 升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xzvf openssh-4.7p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-4.7p1
# ./configure /
"--prefix=/usr" /
"--with-pam" /
"--with-zlib" /
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" /
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" /
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install
(1)禁用 SSH V1 协议 找到:
#Protocol 2,1
改为:
Protocol 2
(2)禁止root直接登录,此处先建立一个普通系统用户:
# useradd username
# passwd username
找到:
#PermitRootLogin yes
改为:
PermitRootLogin no
(3)禁用服务器端GSSAPI,找到以下两行,并将它们注释:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
(4)禁用 DNS 名称解析,找到:
#UseDNS yes
改为:
UseDNS no
(5)禁用客户端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
将这行注释掉。
最后,确认修改正确后重新启动 SSH 服务
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
确认 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正确。
 
三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境
1. 下载软件
# cd /usr/local/src
下载文件mysql,apache,php,请到下面网址下载相应软件
http://www.apache.org/ (推荐版本:2.2.21)
http://www.php.net/  (推荐版本:5.2.17)
http://www.mysql.com/
2. 编译安装MySQL
# tar xzvf MySQL-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
# mv MySQL-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/
# ln -s /usr/local/ MySQL-5.0.45-linux-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/MySQL
# useradd MySQL
# chown -R MySQL:root /usr/local/MySQL/
# cd /usr/local/MySQL
# ./scripts/MySQL_install_db --user=MySQL
# cp ./support-files/MySQL.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/MySQLd
# chown root:root /etc/rc.d/init.d/MySQLd
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/MySQLd
# chkconfig --add MySQLd
# chkconfig --level 3 5 MySQLd on
# cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# mv /usr/local/MySQL/data /var/lib/MySQL
# chown -R MySQL:MySQL /var/lib/MySQL/
# vi /etc/my.cnf    
3. 编译安装Apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.21.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.21
# ./configure /
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" /
"--with-included-apr" /
"--enable-so" /
"--enable-deflate=shared" /
"--enable-expires=shared" /
"--enable-rewrite=shared" /
"--enable-static-support" /
"--disable-userdir"
# make
# make install
# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local

4. 编译安装PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.17.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.17
# ./configure /
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" /
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" /
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" /
"--with-MySQL=/usr/local/MySQL" /
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" /
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" /
"--with-jpeg-dir" /
"--with-png-dir" /
"--with-bz2" /
"--with-freetype-dir" /
"--with-iconv-dir" /
"--with-zlib-dir " /
"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" /
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" /
"--enable-soap" /
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" /
"--enable-ftp" /
"--enable-mbstring" /
"--enable-exif" /
"--disable-ipv6" /
"--disable-cgi" /
"--disable-cli"
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5. 整合Apache与PHPP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在该行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
DirectoryIndex index.html
将该行改为
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
找到:
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”号,取消注释。注意:以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置!修改完成后保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
6. 查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在网站根目录放置 phpinfo.php 脚本,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。
确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到:
disable_functions =
设置为:
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,
ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
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