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Cobbler自动化部署实践

前言

Cobbler是一个自动化和简化系统安装的工具，通过使用网络引导来控制和启动安装。Cobbler的特性包括存储库镜像、Kickstart模板和连接电源管理系统。使用Cobbler之前需要先了解下PXE和Kickstart的基本原理，文章包含了Cobbler工作原理和Cobbler部署实践两部分内容，交叉关联性的内容还是蛮多的，遇到报错也不要怕，都会一步一步解决的。

使用Cobbler轻松设置和管理网络安装环境

更新记录

2016年04月12日 - 初稿

阅读原文 - http://wsgzao.github.io/post/cobbler/

扩展阅读

Cobbler Manuals - http://cobbler.github.io/manuals/

自动化运维工具Cobbler - http://cuchadanfan.blog.51cto.com/9940284/1698348

Cobbler工作原理

Cobbler由Python语言开发，是对PXE和Kickstart以及DHCP的封装。融合很多特性，提供了CLI和Web的管理形式。更加方便的实行网络安装。同时，Cobbler也提供了API接口，使用其它语言也很容易做扩展。它不紧可以安装物理机，同时也支持kvm、xen虚拟化、Guest OS的安装。更多的是它还能结合Puppet等集中化管理软件，实现自动化的管理。

Cobbler 支持众多的发行版：Red Hat、Fedora、CentOS、Debian、Ubuntu 和 SuSE。当添加一个操作系统（通常通过使用 ISO 文件）时，Cobbler 知道如何解压缩合适的文件并调整网络服务，以正确引导机器。Cobbler 使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的图形化配置管理工具（cobbler-web）。通过配置cobbler自动部署DHCP、TFTP、HTTP，在安装过程中加载kiskstart无人值守安装应答文件实现无人值守。从客户端使用PXE引导启动安装。

Server端

第一步，启动Cobbler服务

第二步，进行Cobbler错误检查，执行cobbler check命令

第三步，进行配置同步，执行cobbler sync命令

第四步，复制相关启动文件文件到TFTP目录中

第五步，启动DHCP服务，提供地址分配

第六步，DHCP服务分配IP地址

第七步，TFTP传输启动文件

第八步，Server端接收安装信息

第九步，Server端发送ISO镜像与Kickstart文件

Client端

第一步，客户端以PXE模式启动

第二步，客户端获取IP地址

第三步，通过TFTP服务器获取启动文件

第四步，进入Cobbler安装选择界面

第五步，客户端确定加载信息

第六步，根据配置信息准备安装系统

第七步，加载Kickstart文件

第八步，传输系统安装的其它文件

第九步，进行安装系统

Cobbler部署实践

#设置YUM源
cd /etc/yum.repo.d/
vi epel.repo

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch/debug
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
gpgcheck=1

[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/SRPMS
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
gpgcheck=1


#导入GPG key
sudo rpm --import http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#修改repo文件添加CentOS 6.X的YUM源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
cp rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.bak
vi rhel-source.repo

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Base
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Updates
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Plus
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1

#清除缓存查看是否生效
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum repolist

#直接cobbler关联依赖包
yum install cobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart cman fence-agents dnsmasq 

#使用yum-plugin-downloadonly插件
yum install -y yum-plugin-downloadonly
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/cobbler cobbler cobbler-web httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes debmirror pykickstart cman fence-agents dnsmasq 

#必要服务
（1）cobbler      （cobbler的核心）
（2）httpd        （提供cobbler的web界面）
（3）dhcpd        （为自动安装系统分配IP地址）
（4）epel-release （为之提供yum源）
（5）rsync        （cobbler需要同步信息）
（6）cobbler-web  （cobbler的一个web插件）
（7）xinetd       （为rsync和tftp的守护进程）
（8）tftp         （传送安装的一些文件的类似ftp）

#检查cobbler配置，常见错误如下
cobbler check

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
6 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
9 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
10 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

1.编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 server选项，修改为本机IP即可
2.编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 next_server选项，修改为本机IP即可
3.SELinux的设置, 如果上面已经关闭了SELinux就不用管了
4.执行 cobbler get-loaders，系统将自动下载loader程序，完成提示4的修复工作。
5.编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件，将文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改为no
6.编辑/etc/xinetd.d/rsync文件，将文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改为no
7.在iptables中将69，80，25151端口打开。如果仅仅只是在内部环境中使用，建议直接将防火墙关掉
8.提示说debmirror没安装。如果不是安装 debian之类的系统，此提示可以忽略
9.修改cobbler用户的默认密码，可以使用如下命令生成密码，并使用生成后的密码替换/etc/cobbler/settings中的密码。生成密码命令：openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'其中“random-phrase-here”为任意字符
10.安装cman或者fence-agents


#关闭selinux/iptables
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop

#设置tftp服务和rsync服务
sed -i '/disable/c//tdisable/t/t/t= no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i -e 's//=/ yes//=/ no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 

#设置DHCP server的IP
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.28.70.245/g' /etc/cobbler/settings  

#设置cobbler的IP
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.28.70.245/g' /etc/cobbler/settings  

#设置Cobbler管理rsync
sed -i 's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings  

#设置Cobbler管理DHCP
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings 

#设置Cobbler一次安装开关（可选）
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

#设置Cobbler管理DNS（可选）
sed -i 's/manage_dns: 0/manage_dns: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

#开启动态更新（可选）
sed -i 's/allow_dynamic_settings: 0/allow_dynamic_settings: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

#设置debmirror
sed -i -e 's/@dists=/#@dists=/g' /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i -e 's/@arches=/#@arches=/g' /etc/debmirror.conf

#编辑dnsmasq.template中dhcp-range部分
#vi /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template
vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf

# Cobbler generated configuration file for dnsmasq
# $date
#

# resolve.conf .. ?
#no-poll
#enable-dbus
read-ethers
addn-hosts = /var/lib/cobbler/cobbler_hosts

dhcp-range=172.28.70.246,172.28.70.250
dhcp-option=3,$next_server
dhcp-lease-max=1000
dhcp-authoritative
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
dhcp-boot=net:normalarch,pxelinux.0
dhcp-boot=net:ia64,$elilo

#重启dnsmasq
/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart

#编辑dhcp.template
cp /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

# ******************************************************************
# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file
#
# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template ($date)
# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes
# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be
# overwritten.
#
# ******************************************************************

ddns-update-style interim;

allow booting;
allow bootp;

ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;

option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

subnet 172.28.70.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             172.28.70.254;
     option domain-name-servers 172.28.70.254;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        172.28.70.246 172.28.70.250;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
     class "pxeclients" {
          match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
          if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
                  filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
          } else {
                  filename "pxelinux.0";
          }
     }

}

#for dhcp_tag in $dhcp_tags.keys():
    ## group could be subnet if your dhcp tags line up with your subnets
    ## or really any valid dhcpd.conf construct ... if you only use the
    ## default dhcp tag in cobbler, the group block can be deleted for a
    ## flat configuration
# group for Cobbler DHCP tag: $dhcp_tag
group {
        #for mac in $dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag].keys():
            #set iface = $dhcp_tags[$dhcp_tag][$mac]
    host $iface.name {
        hardware ethernet $mac;
        #if $iface.ip_address:
        fixed-address $iface.ip_address;
        #end if
        #if $iface.hostname:
        option host-name "$iface.hostname";
        #end if
        #if $iface.netmask:
        option subnet-mask $iface.netmask;
        #end if
        #if $iface.gateway:
        option routers $iface.gateway;
        #end if
        #if $iface.enable_gpxe:
        if exists user-class and option user-class = "gPXE" {
            filename "http://$cobbler_server/cblr/svc/op/gpxe/system/$iface.owner";
        } else if exists user-class and option user-class = "iPXE" {
            filename "http://$cobbler_server/cblr/svc/op/gpxe/system/$iface.owner";
        } else {
            filename "undionly.kpxe";
        }
        #else
        filename "$iface.filename";
        #end if
        ## Cobbler defaults to $next_server, but some users
        ## may like to use $iface.system.server for proxied setups
        next-server $next_server;
        ## next-server $iface.next_server;
    }
        #end for
}
#end for

#将dns和dhcp的管理引擎都配置为dnsmasq，修改/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
vi /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

[authentication]
module = authn_configfile
[dns]
module = manage_dnsmasq
[dhcp]
module = manage_dnsmasq

#修改httpd配置并启动
vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerName 127.0.0.1:80

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

#设置目标系统root密码，这个设置只对CentOS/RHEL有效
PASSWORD="`echo "admin123" | openssl passwd -1 -salt 'root' –stdin`"
sed -i s@"^default_password_crypted.*$"@"default_password_crypted: /"$PASSWORD/""@g /etc/cobbler/settings
***
default_password_crypted: "$1$cobbler$k/5ITeQUOffuOujzEvhjY."
***

#下载启动菜单,启动报错请尝试service cobblerd restart 
cobbler get-loaders

cobbler@root#cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2016-04-11_092911_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Mon Apr 11 09:29:11 2016)
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading http://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

#重启相关服务并配置自动启动
chkconfig cobblerd on  
chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig xinetd on
chkconfig dnsmasq on 
 
service httpd restart  
service xinetd restart  
service dnsmasq restart 
service cobblerd restart  


#检查并同步cobbler配置，如果有如下报错确认文件存在可以忽略
cobbler@ZJ/etc/cobbler#cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

cobbler@ZJ/etc/cobbler#cobbler sync
task started: 2016-04-11_170138_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Apr 11 17:01:38 2016)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
rendering DNS files
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
rendering Rsync files
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: service dnsmasq restart
received on stdout: Shutting down dnsmasq: [  OK  ]
Starting dnsmasq: [  OK  ]

received on stderr: 
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

#开启动态编辑后的效果
cobbler setting report
cobbler setting report [--name=option]

allow_duplicate_hostnames               : 0
allow_duplicate_ips                     : 0
allow_duplicate_macs                    : 0
allow_dynamic_settings                  : 1
always_write_dhcp_entries               : 0
anamon_enabled                          : 0
auth_token_expiration                   : 3600
authn_pam_service                       : login
bind_chroot_path                        : 
bind_master                             : 127.0.0.1
build_reporting_email                   : ['root@localhost']
build_reporting_enabled                 : 0
build_reporting_ignorelist              : ['']
build_reporting_sender                  : 
build_reporting_smtp_server             : localhost
build_reporting_subject                 : 
build_reporting_to_address              : 
buildisodir                             : /var/cache/cobbler/buildiso
cheetah_import_whitelist                : ['random', 're', 'time']
client_use_https                        : 0
client_use_localhost                    : 0
cobbler_master                          : 
consoles                                : /var/consoles
createrepo_flags                        : -c cache -s sha
default_deployment_method               : ssh
default_kickstart                       : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks
default_name_servers                    : []
default_name_servers_search             : []
default_ownership                       : ['admin']
default_password_crypted                : $1$root$JX8M6OcOn.pjk0pHdnG0y0
default_template_type                   : cheetah
default_virt_bridge                     : xenbr0
default_virt_disk_driver                : raw
default_virt_file_size                  : 5
default_virt_ram                        : 512
default_virt_type                       : xenpv
enable_gpxe                             : 0
enable_menu                             : 1
func_auto_setup                         : 0
func_master                             : overlord.example.org
http_port                               : 80
isc_set_host_name                       : 0
iso_template_dir                        : /etc/cobbler/iso
kerberos_realm                          : EXAMPLE.COM
kernel_options                          : {'ksdevice': 'bootif', 'lang': ' ', 'text': '~'}
kernel_options_s390x                    : {'vnc': '~', 'ip': False, 'RUNKS': 1, 'ramdisk_size': 40000, 'ro': '~', 'root': '/dev/ram0'}
ldap_anonymous_bind                     : 1
ldap_base_dn                            : DC=example,DC=com
ldap_management_default_type            : authconfig
ldap_port                               : 389
ldap_search_bind_dn                     : 
ldap_search_passwd                      : 
ldap_search_prefix                      : uid=
ldap_server                             : ldap.example.com
ldap_tls                                : 1
ldap_tls_cacertfile                     : 
ldap_tls_certfile                       : 
ldap_tls_keyfile                        : 
manage_dhcp                             : 1
manage_dns                              : 1
manage_forward_zones                    : []
manage_reverse_zones                    : []
manage_rsync                            : 1
manage_tftp                             : 1
manage_tftpd                            : 1
mgmt_classes                            : []
mgmt_parameters                         : {'from_cobbler': 1}
next_server                             : 172.28.70.245
power_management_default_type           : ipmitool
power_template_dir                      : /etc/cobbler/power
proxy_url_ext                           : 
proxy_url_int                           : 
puppet_auto_setup                       : 0
puppet_parameterized_classes            : 1
puppet_server                           : puppet
puppet_version                          : 2
puppetca_path                           : /usr/bin/puppet
pxe_just_once                           : 1
pxe_template_dir                        : /etc/cobbler/pxe
redhat_management_key                   : 
redhat_management_permissive            : 0
redhat_management_server                : xmlrpc.rhn.redhat.com
redhat_management_type                  : off
register_new_installs                   : 0
remove_old_puppet_certs_automatically   : 0
replicate_repo_rsync_options            : -avzH
replicate_rsync_options                 : -avzH
reposync_flags                          : -l -n -d
restart_dhcp                            : 1
restart_dns                             : 1
restart_xinetd                          : 1
run_install_triggers                    : 1
scm_track_enabled                       : 0
scm_track_mode                          : git
serializer_pretty_json                  : 0
server                                  : 172.28.70.245
sign_puppet_certs_automatically         : 0
signature_path                          : /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
signature_url                           : http://cobbler.github.io/signatures/2.6.x/latest.json
snippetsdir                             : /var/lib/cobbler/snippets
template_remote_kickstarts              : 0
virt_auto_boot                          : 1
webdir                                  : /var/www/cobbler
xmlrpc_port                             : 25151
yum_distro_priority                     : 1
yum_post_install_mirror                 : 1
yumdownloader_flags                     : --resolve

#修改seting文件cobbler登陆服务器地址
cobbler setting edit --name=server --value=172.28.0.1
#ks脚本关闭pxe，这样就不会重复安装
cobbler setting edit --name=pxe_just_once --value=1
#TFTP服务器 IP地址
cobbler setting edit --name=next_server --value=172.28.0.1
#cobbler管理rsync，dhcp，dns
cobbler setting edit --name=manage_rsync --value=1
cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1
cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dns --value=1

cobbler导入镜像

#使用镜像文件
mount -o loop /tmp/rhel-server-6.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/rhel63
#使用光盘
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/rhel63

#执行镜像导入，并关联自定义的自动安装配置ks脚本，这个地方我们可以为不同的系统版本指定不同的自动安装ks脚本（这个过程实际比较长，cobbler会把软件整个复制一份到本地，在这之前，务必确认硬盘空间足够装下镜像）
cobbler import --path=/tmp/rhel63 --name=rhel63 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel63.cfg

task started: 2016-04-12_090326_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Apr 12 09:03:26 2016)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63:
creating new distro: rhel63-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel63-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel63-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63 for rhel63-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/Server/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/LoadBalancer/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ScalableFileSystem/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel63/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


#查看cobbler导入结果
cobbler distro list
cobbler report

#验证ks有效性，剩下的就是PXE引导测试了
cobbler validateks

cobbler-web

#设置Web登录,cobbler 2.6以上版本已经无需修改
sed -i 's/module = authn_denyall/module = authn_configfile/g' /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

#设置Cobbler Web登录用户登录密码
htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler
Changing password for user cobbler in realm Cobbler
New password:cobbler
Re-type new password:cobbler

#cobbler_web登录地址，推荐使用命令行管理
http://{IP}/cobbler_web

Cobbler相关选项说明

#Cobbler 常用命令详解
cobbler check #检查cobbler配置 
cobbler sync #同步配置到dhcp/pxe和数据目录 
cobbler list #列出所有的cobbler元素 
cobbler import #导入安装的系统镜像 
cobbler report #列出各元素的详细信息 
cobbler distro #查看导入的发行版系统信息 
cobbler profile #查看配置信息 
cobbler system #查看添加的系统信息 
cobbler reposync #同步yum仓库到本地

#导入镜像文件
命令：cobbler import --path=镜像路径 -- name=安装引导名 --arch=32位或64位
参数：
path 是镜像所挂载的目录 
name 是导入到cobbler里面显示的名字 
arch 是32位系统还是64位系统

#导入kickstart文件
命令：cobbler profile add --name=list名 --distro=镜像 --kickstart=路径
参数：
name是表示添加的ks 的名字，用cobbler report可以看到这个名字 
distro 是用哪个镜像，list的distros里面选择一个，需要版本相对应 
kickstart 是具体的 ks 文件路径

#同步DHCP、HTTPD
命令：cobbler sync
注，每次修改完dhcp.template之类的配置文件需要执行一次使其生效。

#查看Cobbler列表
命令：cobbler list
注，列出Cobbler所有的元素。

#删除相关列表
命令：cobbler distro/profile remove --name=要删除的引导文件名
删除指定 distro , 也就是镜像
删除指定的 profile 文件，也就是 ks

#Cobbler安装后目录说明
cobbler配置文件目录/etc/cobbler：
/etc/cobbler/settings #cobbler主配置文件 
/etc/cobbler/iso/ #iso模板配置文件 
/etc/cobbler/pxe #pxe模板文件 
/etc/cobbler/power #电源的配置文件 
/etc/cobbler/users.conf #Web 服务授权配置文件 
/etc/cobbler/users.digest #用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件 
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template #DHCP服务的配置模板 
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template #DNS服务的配置模板 
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template #tftp服务的配置模板 
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf #Cobbler模块配置文件

cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler：
/var/lib/cobbler/config/ #用于存放distros、systems、profiles等信息配置文件 
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers #用于存放用户定义的cobbler 命令 
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ #默认存放kickstart文件 
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders #存放的各种引导程序

镜像数据目录/var/www/cobbler：
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ #导入的发行版系统的所有数据 
/var/www/cobbler/images/ #导入发行版的Kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ #yum仓库存储目录

日志目录 /var/log/cobbler/：
/var/log/cobbler/install.log #客户端的安装系统日志 
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #cobbler日志

常见问题

#多查看错误日志
less /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log

#为cobbler-web重置用户密码
htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler 
#添加新用户
htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler"  usernam

#DHCP多网卡环境可以指定网卡
vi /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd 
# Command line options here
DHCPDARGS=eth0