JPA的命名查询实际上就是给查询语句起个名字,执行查询的时候就是直接使用起的这个名字,避免重复写JPQL语句,使查询在代码中得到更多的重用。我不怎么喜欢使用命名查询,因为我不想把查询语句写在实体中,使得实体看起来变得复杂臃肿。
1、使用@NamedQuery注解在实体类中定义命名查询。
@NamedQuery(name="findAllUser",query="SELECT u FROM User u")
@NamedQuery中的属性name指定命名查询的名称,query属性指定命名查询的语句。
如果要定义多个命名查询,需要使用@NamedQueries。
@NamedQueries({
@NamedQuery(name="findAllUser",query="SELECT u FROM User u"),
@NamedQuery(name="findUserWithId",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.id = ?1"),
@NamedQuery(name="findUserWithName",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.name = :name")
})
2、定义好命名查询后,可以使用EntityManager的createNamedQuery方法传入命名查询的名称创建查询。
例如:createNamedQuery("findAllUser");
3、一个简单的例子。
简单的User实体:
- package com.cndatacom.jpa.entity;
- import javax.persistence.Column;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
- import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;
- import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
- import javax.persistence.Table;
- @Entity
- @Table(name="t_user")
- @NamedQueries({
- @NamedQuery(name="findAllUser",query="SELECT u FROM User u"),
- @NamedQuery(name="findUserWithId",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.id = ?1"),
- @NamedQuery(name="findUserWithName",query="SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.name = :name")
- })
- public class User {
- /**
- * 主键
- */
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue
- private Long id;
- /**
- * 名字
- */
- @Column(name="name")
- private String name;
- /**
- * 密码
- */
- @Column(name="password")
- private String password;
- public Long getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(Long id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- }
简单的测试:
- package com.cndatacom.jpa.test;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
- import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
- import javax.persistence.Persistence;
- import javax.persistence.Query;
- import org.junit.After;
- import org.junit.Before;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import com.cndatacom.jpa.entity.User;
- public class TestNamedQuery {
- EntityManagerFactory emf = null;
- @Before
- public void before() {
- //根据在persistence.xml中配置的persistence-unit name 创建EntityManagerFactory
- emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJPA");
- }
- @After
- public void after() {
- //关闭EntityManagerFactory
- if(null != emf) {
- emf.close();
- }
- }
- @Test
- public void testNamedQuery1() {
- EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
- List<User> users = em.createNamedQuery("findAllUser").getResultList();//根据User实体中定义的命名查询
- }
- @Test
- public void testNamedQuery2() {
- EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
- Query query = em.createNamedQuery("findUserWithId");//根据User实体中定义的命名查询
- query.setParameter(1, 2L);
- List<User> users = query.getResultList();
- }
- @Test
- public void testNamedQuery3() {
- EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
- Query query = em.createNamedQuery("findUserWithName");//根据User实体中定义的命名查询
- query.setParameter("name", "李坏");
- List<User> users = query.getResultList();
- }
- }