HTML head里的元素

Elements

<title>Page Title</title> <base href="https://example.com/page.html"> <style>   body { color: red; } </style> <script src="script.js"></script> 

Meta Element

<meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content="your,keywords,here,comma,separated,no,spaces"> <meta name="description" content="150 chars"> <meta name="subject" content="your website's subject"> <meta name="language" content="en"> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"> <meta name="revised" content="Sunday, July 18th, 2010, 5:15 pm"> <meta name="abstract" content=""> <meta name="topic" content=""> <meta name="summary" content=""> <meta name="classification" content="business"> <meta name="author" content="name, email@example.com"> <meta name="designer" content=""> <meta name="reply-to" content="email@example.com"> <meta name="owner" content=""> <meta name="url" content="https://example.com/"> <meta name="identifier-URL" content="https://example.com/"> <meta name="directory" content="submission"> <meta name="category" content=""> <meta name="coverage" content="Worldwide"> <meta name="distribution" content="Global"> <meta name="rating" content="General"> <meta name="revisit-after" content="7 days"> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="300;url=https://example.com/">  <!-- Cache Control --> <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="on"> 

有关于 meta 标签或许还有其他的使用方式，因为很多同学都觉得 meta 能增强SEO的功能，另外想说的，有些特殊的产品都具备自己独有的 meta 标签 。而且有时候为了实现某些功能，都有自定义的一些 meta 标签。不过这些特有的标签只有在特定的环境下才有意思。

有关于 meta 更多资源

• Meta 标签与搜索引擎优化
• 在HTML中使用meta标签的基础知识和最佳实践
• 视窗meta标签的理解
• Using Meta Tags in HTML: Some Basics and Best Practices
• 18 Meta Tags Every Webpage Should Have in 2013

Link Element

<link rel="copyright" href="copyright.html"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://example.com/styles.css"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/martini" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://example.com/feed.atom" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 0.3"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://es.example.com/" hreflang="es"> <link rel="me" href="https://google.com/profiles/thenextweb" type="text/html"> <link rel="archives" href="https://example.com/2003/05/" title="May 2003"> <link rel="index" href="https://example.com/" title="DeWitt Clinton"> <link rel="start" href="https://example.com/photos/pattern_recognition_1_about/" title="Pattern Recognition 1"> <link rel="prev" href="https://example.com/opensearch/opensearch-and-openid-a-sure-way-to-get-my-attention/" title="OpenSearch and OpenID? A sure way to get my attention."> <link rel="search" href="/search.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Viatropos"> <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=3"> <link rel="first" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php"> <link rel="next" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=4"> <link rel="previous" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=2"> <link rel="last" href="https://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=147"> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://example.com/?p=43625"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/2010/06/9-things-to-do-before-entering-social-media.html"> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.example.com/url/to/amp-version.html"> <link rel="EditURI" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php"> <link rel="webmention" href="https://example.com/webmention"> <link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json"> <link rel="author" href="humans.txt"> 

Favicons

<!-- For IE 10 and below -->   <!-- No link, just place a file called favicon.ico in the root directory -->  <!-- For IE 11, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera -->   <link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-16.png" sizes="16x16" type="image/png"> <link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-32.png" sizes="32x32" type="image/png"> <link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-48.png" sizes="48x48" type="image/png"> <link rel="icon" href="path/to/favicon-62.png" sizes="62x62" type="image/png"> <!-- More info: https://bitsofco.de/all-about-favicons-and-touch-icons/ --> 

扩展阅读

• All About Favicons (And Touch Icons)
• How to Make a Favicon
• TUTORIAL: HOW TO CREATE A CUSTOM FAVICON FOR YOUR BLOG
• HOW TO MAKE A FAVICON

Social

Facebook / Open Graph

<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.example.com/"> <meta property="og:title" content="Content Title"> <meta property="og:description" content="Description Here"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Site Name"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="Facebook numeric ID"> <meta property="fb:admins" content="Facebook numeric ID"> <!-- Facebook: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters#markup --> <!-- Open Graph: http://ogp.me/ --> 

扩展阅读

• Facebook Open Graph Markup Open Graph protocol

Twitter

<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@publisher_handle"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@author_handle"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Content Title"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Content description less than 200 characters"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg"> <!-- Twitter summary card with large image must be at least 280x150px --> <!-- More info: https://dev.twitter.com/cards/getting-started --> <!-- Validate: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/cards/validation/validator --> 

扩展阅读

• Twitter Cards: Getting Started Guide
• Twitter Card Validator

Google+ / Schema.org

<meta itemprop="name" content="Content Title"> <meta itemprop="description" content="Content description less than 200 characters"> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg"> 

Android

<meta name="theme-color" content="#E64545"> 

Apple iOS

<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="My App"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"> <meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="startup.png"> <!-- More info: https://developer.apple.com/safari/library/documentation/appleapplications/reference/safarihtmlref/articles/metatags.html --> 

扩展阅读

• Apple Meta Tags

Internet Explorer

<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on"> <meta name="skype_toolbar" content="skype_toolbar_parser_compatible">  <!-- Pinned Site --> <!-- IE 10 / Windows 8 --> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="pinned-tile-144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#009900"> <!-- IE 11 / Windows 9.1 --> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="ieconfig.xml"> 

Internet Explorer (LEGACY DO NOT USE)

<!-- Legacy Tags (DO NOT USE) --> <meta name="mssmarttagspreventparsing" content="true"> <meta http-equiv="page-enter" content="revealtrans(duration=2,transition=2)"> <meta http-equiv="page-exit" content="revealtrans(duration=3,transition=12)"> 

Safari 9: Pinned tabs in El Capitan

<link rel="mask-icon" href="icon.svg" color="red"> 

总结

或许上面有很多标签( <link> 、 meta )的类型你从未见，甚至都不知道这些标签的意义何在，更何况是如何使用了。其实这些并不复杂，也没有太多的技术含量在里面，而且这些标签具体的意思是什么很容易的找到。就算你不清楚，下面两篇文章能帮你找到其中标签的含意，这里就不做过多的介绍，感兴趣的同学可以阅读下面两篇文章。

• 常用的 HTML 头部标签 by @一丝姐姐
• HTML head 头标签 来自于 FEX

大漠

常用昵称“大漠”，W3CPlus创始人，目前就职于手淘。中国Drupal社区核心成员之一。对HTML5、CSS3和Sass等前端脚本语言有非常深入的认识和丰富的实践经验，尤其专注对CSS3的研究，是国内最早研究和使用CSS3技术的一批人。CSS3、Sass和Drupal中国布道者。2014年出版《 图解CSS3：核心技术与案例实战 》。