MySQL有很多的可视化管理工具,比如“mysql-workbench”和“sequel-pro-”。 现在我写MySQL的终端命令操作的文章,是想强化一下自己对于MySQL的理解,总会比使用图形化的理解透彻,因为我本来就比较喜欢写代码。同时写出来这些文章,是想要给大家当个参考,希望也能对大家有所帮助,有所提升,这就是我为什么要写终端操作MySQL的文章了。
注意:MySQL数据库命令不区分大小写。但在MAC的终端,如果你想使用tab自动补全命令,那么你就必须使用大写,这样MAC的终端才会帮你补全命令,否则你按N遍tab都不会有响应。
1、数据库(database)管理
1.1 create 创建数据库
1.2 show 查看所有数据库
1.3 alter 修改数据库
1.4 use 使用数据库
1.5 查看当前使用的数据库
1.6 drop 删除数据库
2、数据表(table)管理
2.1 create 创建表
2.2 show 显示表
2.3 desc 查看表结构
2.4 alter 修改表结构(增、删、改)
2.4.1 insert 在表中添加列(字段)
2.4.2 alter 修改表(列)字段
2.4.3 delete 删除表(列)字段
2.4.4 rename 重命名表名
2.5 create 利用已有数据创建新表
3、数据的操作及管理
3.1 增加数据(增)
3.2 删除数据(删)
3.3 修改数据(改)
3.4 查询数据(查)
create database firstDB;
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | firstDB | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
alter 命令修改数据库编码:
默认创建的数据库默认不支持中文字符,如果我们需要它支持中文字符,则将它的编码设置为utf8格式:
mysql> ALTER DATABASE testDB CHARACTER SET UTF8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use firstDB; Database changed
mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | firstdb | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database firstDB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database testDB; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
创建后记得用use命令进入(使用)数据库,不然后面的操作都会不成功的。
mysql> create table PEOPLE ( -> ID int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -> NAME varchar(20) not null, -> AGE int not null, -> BIRTHDAY datetime); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
显示当前数据库所有的数据表
mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_testdb | +------------------+ | PEOPLE | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc PEOPLE -> ; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
默认创建的表不支持中文字符,所以需将表编码设置为utf8:
mysql> ALTER TABLE KEYCHAIN CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET UTF8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table PEOPLE add star BOOL; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
提示:在MySQL里,布尔类型会自动转换为tinyint(1)类型。
我们不妨使用desc去查看一下PEOPLE表结构:
mysql> desc PEOPLE; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | star | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
现在,你该相信我了吧?
mysql> alter table PEOPLE MODIFY star int; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我们再次使用desc查看PEOPLE表结构:
mysql> desc PEOPLE; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | star | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table PEOPLE DROP column star; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
删除后,再次查看PEOPLE表结构:
mysql> desc PEOPLE; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除字段成功,现在我们已经不能看到star的字段了。
mysql> RENAME TABLE PEOPLE TO NEW_PEOPLE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table newTable select * from PEOPLE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我们查看一下目前数据库存在的表:
mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_testdb | +------------------+ | PEOPLE | | newTable | +------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
数据表的基本操作,包含增、删、改、查数据。
以下命令均在PEOPLE表上操作。
PEOPLE表目前是没有数据的,它是空的数据表,我们现在先添加一些数据。
insert into 命令添加数据:
mysql> insert into PEOPLE VALUES (null, 'Anny', 22, '1992-05-22'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
使用select命令查看表(会在后面介绍),现在我们查看PEOPLE数据表的数据:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE; +----+------+-----+---------------------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY | +----+------+-----+---------------------+ | 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 | +----+------+-----+---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
数据表现在有一条数据。
我们多添加几条数据,如:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE; +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 | | 2 | Garvey | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | | 3 | Lisa | 25 | 1989-05-22 00:00:00 | | 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 | | 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
delete 命令删除数据:
mysql> delete from PEOPLE where name = 'Lisa'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
再次查询PEOPLE表:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE; +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 | | 2 | Garvey | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | | 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 | | 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
已经看不到名为“Lisa”的数据了。
update 命令修改数据:
mysql> update PEOPLE set name='Calvin' where name = 'Garvey'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
查询PEOPLE表内容:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE; +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 | | 2 | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | | 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 | | 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
名为“Garvey”的记录已经修改为“Calvin”。
select 命令查询数据,最简单的就是查询表的所有数据,也就是我们最初使用到的那条命令:
mysql> select * from PEOPLE; +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ | 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 | | 2 | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | | 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 | | 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | +----+--------+-----+---------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select * from <表名>,*代表所有字段。
查询数据时也可指定显示的(列)字段:
mysql> select NAME, AGE, BIRTHDAY from PEOPLE; +--------+-----+---------------------+ | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY | +--------+-----+---------------------+ | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 | | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 | | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 | +--------+-----+---------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select <字段名,字段名,...> from <表名>。
select查询命令还有很多的高级用法,比如用来查找不重复(distinct)的数据,使数据按条件排序(order by),按查询条件显示数据(where)等等。这些都会在下一篇文章作重点介绍,请大家继续留意我的博客,谢谢。