控制文件(Control File)是Oracle的物理文件之一,它记录了数据库的名字、数据文件的位置等信息。控制文件的重要性在于,一旦控制文件损坏,数据库将会宕机。控制文件是一个很小的二进制文件,用户不能编辑控制文件,控制文件的修改由Oracle自动完成。那么,我们能够查看控制文件里面的具体信息吗?答案是可以的,我们可以通过转储文件来获得控制文件的详细信息。
1.生成控制文件的转储文件
- SQL> select * from v$version;
-
- BANNER
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
- PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
- CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production
- TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
- NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
-
- SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace ;
-
- Database altered.
-
- SQL>
2.查找生成的转储文件
我们知道,用户生成的
TRACE文件存储在udump目录下。在Oracle10g中,udump路径是$ORACLE_HOME/admin/SID/udump,而Oracle11g则大不一样。我们可以通过查看user_dump_dest参数来定位udump目录的具体位置。
- SQL> show parameter user_dump_dest
-
- NAME TYPE VALUE
- ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
- user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/hoegh/HOEGH/trace
- SQL>
然后,我们使用ls命令找到最近生成的
TRACE文件,就是图示的HOEGH_ora_304.trc文件。
- [oracle@hoegh trace]$ ls -ltr
- total 1332
- 此处省略三百字
- -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 932 May 9 21:26 HOEGH_mmon_4805.trm
- -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9750 May 9 21:26 HOEGH_mmon_4805.trc
- -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4562 May 9 21:28 HOEGH_dbrm_4789.trm
- -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 80534 May 9 21:28 HOEGH_dbrm_4789.trc
- -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 97 May 9 21:29 HOEGH_ora_304.trm
- -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12786 May 9 21:29 HOEGH_ora_304.trc
3.查看控制文件具体信息
现在,我们就可以通过more命令来查看控制文件的具体信息了。
- [oracle@hoegh trace]$ more HOEGH_ora_304.trc
- Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/hoegh/HOEGH/trace/HOEGH_ora_304.trc
- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
- With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
- ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
- System name: Linux
- Node name: hoegh.example.com
- Release: 2.6.18-164.el5PAE
- Version: #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 02:28:20 EDT 2009
- Machine: i686
- VM name: VMWare Version: 6
- Instance name: HOEGH
- Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
- Oracle process number: 26
- Unix process pid: 304, image: oracle@hoegh.example.com (TNS V1-V3)
-
- *** 2016-05-09 21:29:07.246
- -- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
- -- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
- --
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
- --
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
- --
- -- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="HOEGH"
- --
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
- -- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
- -- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
- -- FAL_CLIENT=''
- -- FAL_SERVER=''
- --
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
- '
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='MANDATORY NOREOPEN NODELAY'
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM EXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOREGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
- -- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
- --
- -- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
- -- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
- -- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
- -- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
- -- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
- -- if online logs are unavailable.
- -- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
- -- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
- -- need to re-create the control file.
- --
- -- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
- --
- -- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
- -- to open the database.
- -- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
- -- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
- -- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
- -- available.
- -- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
- -- statement will place the database in the appropriate
- -- protection mode:
- -- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
- STARTUP NOMOUNT
- CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "HOEGH" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
- MAXLOGFILES 16
- MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
- MAXDATAFILES 100
- MAXINSTANCES 8
- MAXLOGHISTORY 292
- LOGFILE
- GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
- GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
- GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
- -- STANDBY LOGFILE
- DATAFILE
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/system01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/sysaux01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/undotbs01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/users01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/example01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/test01.dbf'
- CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
- ;
- -- Commands to re-create incarnation table
- -- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
- -- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
- -- re-create incarnation records.
- -- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
- arch1_1_762197622.dbf';
- -- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
- arch1_1_860888149.dbf';
- -- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
- -- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
- RECOVER DATABASE
- -- Database can now be opened normally.
- ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
- -- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
- -- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
- -- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
- ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/temp01.dbf'
- SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
- -- End of tempfile additions.
- --
- -- Set #2. RESETLOGS case
- --
- -- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
- -- to open the database.
- -- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
- -- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
- -- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
- -- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
- -- statement will place the database in the appropriate
- -- protection mode:
- -- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
- STARTUP NOMOUNT
- CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "HOEGH" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
- MAXLOGFILES 16
- MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
- MAXDATAFILES 100
- MAXINSTANCES 8
- MAXLOGHISTORY 292
- LOGFILE
- GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
- GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
- GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
- -- STANDBY LOGFILE
- DATAFILE
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/system01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/sysaux01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/undotbs01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/users01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/example01.dbf',
- '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/test01.dbf'
- CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
- ;
- -- Commands to re-create incarnation table
- -- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
- -- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
- -- re-create incarnation records.
- -- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
- arch1_1_762197622.dbf';
- -- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
- arch1_1_860888149.dbf';
- -- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
- -- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
- RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
- -- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
- ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
- -- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
- -- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
- -- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
- ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HOEGH/temp01.dbf
我们可以看到转储文件里包含了数据库的名字、数据文件的位置等信息,并且按照是否需要resetlogs分别给出了创建控制文件的sql语句。控制文件非常重要,我们可以把它备份下来以防万一。
~~~~~~~ the end~~~~~~~~~
hoegh
2016.05.09