MongoDB快速入门学习笔记4 MongoDB的文档查询操作

先把student删除，再重新插入数据

 > db.student.drop() true > db.student.insert([{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age": 27, "sex": 1 }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age": 27 } ,{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age": 30 }, { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age": 28 }, { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age": 33 }, { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age": 32 }]) BulkWriteResult({         "writeErrors" : [ ],         "writeConcernErrors" : [ ],         "nInserted" : 6,         "nUpserted" : 0,         "nMatched" : 0,         "nModified" : 0,         "nRemoved" : 0,         "upserted" : [ ] }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } 

1、查询指定键
db.集合名称.find({查询条件},{指定键})
指定键：1表示显示，0表示不显示，_id默认显示

 > db.student.find({},{name:1}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan" } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi" } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu" } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu" } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu" } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba" } > db.student.find({},{_id:0, age:0}) { "name" : "zhangsan", "sex" : 1 } { "name" : "lisi" } { "name" : "wangwu" } { "name" : "zhaoliu" } { "name" : "qianliu" } { "name" : "sunba" } > db.student.find({},{_id:0, name:1}) { "name" : "zhangsan" } { "name" : "lisi" } { "name" : "wangwu" } { "name" : "zhaoliu" } { "name" : "qianliu" } { "name" : "sunba" } 

2、各种查询方式
$lt:<
$lte:<=
$gt:>
$gte:>=
$ne:!=

 > db.student.find({age:{$lt:30}}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } > db.student.find({age:{$ne:27}}) { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } 

$in:包含$nin:不包含

 > db.student.find({age:{$in:[27,28]}}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } > db.student.find({age:{$nin:[27,28]}}) { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } 

$or:或者

 > db.student.find({$or:[{age:{$lt:29}}, {name:"sunba"}]}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } 

null:空值

 > db.student.find({sex: null}) { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } 

$type:键是某种类型的
double:1
string:2
...

 > db.student.insert({_id:7, name:7, age:70}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.student.find({name: {$type: 2}}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } > db.student.find({name: {$type: 1}}) { "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 } 

正则表达式

 > db.student.find({name: /si/b/}) { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } 

db.集合名称.findOne({查询条件},{指定键})
查询出符合条件的第一条数据

 > db.student.findOne() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } 

db.集合名称.find({查询条件},{指定键}).limit(数字)查询前几条数据

 > db.student.find().limit(3) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } 

db.集合名称.find({查询条件},{指定键}).skip(数字)跳过前几条数据

 > db.student.find().skip(2) { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 } 

可以使用limit()和skip()实现分页

 > db.student.find().skip(0).limit(3) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } > db.student.find().skip(3).limit(3) { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } > db.student.find().skip(6).limit(3) { "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 } 

db.集合名称.find().sort({键:数字})数字为1表示升序，数字为2表示降序

 > db.student.find().sort({age:1}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 } > db.student.find().sort({age:1, _id:-1}) { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 27, "sex" : 1 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : 7, "age" : 70 }