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UWP控件与DataBind

在uwp开发中必不可少的一个环节就是各种通用的控件的开发，所以在闲暇时间汇总了一下在uwp开发中控件的几种常用写法，以及属性的几种绑定方式，有可能不全面，请大家多多包涵 :)

1、先从win10新增的{x:Bind} 绑定方式说起，相对于{Binding}，{x:Bind}在时间复杂度和空间复杂度上都要降低不少。但并不是说{x:Bind}能够完全取代{Binding}，因为 {x:Bind} 比 {Binding} 少了许多功能，例如 Source、UpdateSourceTrigger等，并且不支持后台C#代码编写，所以使用者还是要根据自己的需求来选择用哪种方式，下面是 Control1 的简单实现

Control1.xaml

 <UserControl     x:Class="Controls.Control1"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     d:DesignHeight="300"     d:DesignWidth="400">      <Grid>         <TextBlock Text="{x:Bind Text}"></TextBlock>     </Grid> </UserControl>

Control1.xaml.cs

 using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;  // The User Control item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234236  namespace Controls {     public sealed partial class Control1 : UserControl     {         public Control1()         {             this.InitializeComponent();         }          public string Text { set; get; }     } }

使用方式

 <Page     x:Class="Controls.MainPage"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     xmlns:controls="using:Controls">      <StackPanel Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}" Margin="40">         <controls:Control1 Text="这是控件1"></controls:Control1>     </StackPanel> </Page>

值得一提是{x:Bind}在DataTemplate中绑定时是需要指定类型的（ x:DataType ），并且Mode默认是OneTime，所以使用者如果有需要千万不要忘了改成Mode=OneWay或者Mode=TwoWay

 <DataTemplate x:DataType="model:Student">         <TextBlock Text="{x:Bind Name}"></TextBlock>         <TextBlock Text="{x:Bind Age}"></TextBlock> </DataTemplate>

2、{Binding}绑定方式，大家应该比较熟悉了，它提供了丰富的绑定功能，绑定方式也比较灵活，闲话不多说啦，下面的 Control2 和 Control3 的实现

TextVisibilityConverter.cs

  using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data;  namespace Controls.Common {     public class TextVisibilityConverter : IValueConverter     {         public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)         {             if(value is string)             {                 var text = value as string;                                  if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(text))                 {                     return Visibility.Collapsed;                 }                 else                 {                     return Visibility.Visible;                 }             }              return Visibility.Visible;         }          public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)         {             throw new NotImplementedException();         }     } }  View Code

Control2.xaml

 <UserControl     x:Class="Controls.Control2"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:converter="using:Controls.Common"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     d:DesignHeight="300"     d:DesignWidth="400">     <UserControl.Resources>         <converter:TextVisibilityConverter x:Name="TextVisibilityConverter"></converter:TextVisibilityConverter>     </UserControl.Resources>     <Grid>         <TextBlock Text="{Binding Text}" Visibility="{Binding Text,Converter={StaticResource TextVisibilityConverter}}"></TextBlock>     </Grid> </UserControl>

Control2.xaml.cs

 using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;  // The User Control item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234236  namespace Controls {     public sealed partial class Control2 : UserControl     {         public Control2()         {             this.InitializeComponent();              this.DataContext = this;         }          public string Text         {             get { return (string)GetValue(TextProperty); }             set { SetValue(TextProperty, value); }         }          // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Text.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...         public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =             DependencyProperty.Register("Text", typeof(string), typeof(Control2), new PropertyMetadata(""));      } }

Control3.xaml

 <UserControl     x:Class="Controls.Control3"     Name="uc"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     d:DesignHeight="300"     d:DesignWidth="400">      <Grid>         <TextBlock Text="{Binding ElementName=uc,Path=Text}"></TextBlock>     </Grid> </UserControl>

Control3.xaml.cs

 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime; using Windows.Foundation; using Windows.Foundation.Collections; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Primitives; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;  // The User Control item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234236  namespace Controls {     public sealed partial class Control3 : UserControl     {         public Control3()         {             this.InitializeComponent();         }          public string Text { set; get; }     } }

大家可以看出Control2 和 Control3是有些微差别的：

Control2 是通过 this.DataContext = this，然后将依赖属性（至于为什么是依赖属性，下面会有详细的介绍）绑到xaml页面的控件属性上

Control3 的特点也不难发现，充分利用了{Binding}强大功能的一个小小角落；个人感觉应该提一下的是，如果Control3有一个叫做Control1属性，类型是 Control1 ，我们可以把控件1绑到控件3上面去，这样我们就可以在控件3里访问控件1啦，这个只是{Binding}灵活运用的一个例子

 <controls:Control1 x:Name="ctr1" Text="这是控件1"></controls:Control1> <controls:Control3 Control1="{Binding ElementName=ctr1}"></controls:Control3>

3、通过依赖属性的PropertyChangedCallback来实现对控件属性赋值，请看示例 Control5

Control5.xaml

 <UserControl     x:Class="Controls.Control5"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     d:DesignHeight="300"     d:DesignWidth="400">      <Grid>         <TextBlock Name="txt"></TextBlock>     </Grid> </UserControl>

Control5.xaml.cs

 using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;  // The User Control item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234236  namespace Controls {     public sealed partial class Control5 : UserControl     {         public Control5()         {             this.InitializeComponent();         }          public string Text         {             get { return (string)GetValue(TextProperty); }             set { SetValue(TextProperty, value); }         }          // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Text.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...         public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =             DependencyProperty.Register("Text", typeof(string), typeof(Control5), new PropertyMetadata("", OnTextChanged));          private static void OnTextChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)         {             var me = d as Control5;             me.OnTextChanged();         }          private void OnTextChanged()         {             var text = txt.Text = this.Text;              if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(text))             {                 txt.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;             }             else             {                 txt.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;             }         }     } }

不用通过任何绑定，就可以实现数据赋值，好处在于更加灵活，实现了与 Control2 同样的功能，您会不会觉得与使用Converter相比，这样写更加直观和舒服呢，而且很多复杂的功能都可以在OnTextChanged里面处理。当然，并不是说Converter是多余的，如果仅限于“值”的转换，Converter还是很方便的，而且还可以重用。

如果我们增加一个属性TextMaxLength，用来表示最多可显示的字符数，这样我们把Control5做一下改装

Control5.xaml

 <UserControl     x:Class="Controls.Control5"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     d:DesignHeight="300"     d:DesignWidth="400">      <StackPanel>         <TextBlock Name="txt"></TextBlock>         <TextBlock><Run Text="最多可显示"></Run><Run x:Name="run1" Foreground="Red"></Run><Run Text="个字符"></Run></TextBlock>         <TextBlock><Run Text="还有"></Run><Run x:Name="run2" Foreground="Blue"></Run><Run Text="个字符可以显示"></Run></TextBlock>     </StackPanel> </UserControl>

Control5.xaml.cs

 using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;  // The User Control item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234236  namespace Controls {     public sealed partial class Control5 : UserControl     {         public Control5()         {             this.InitializeComponent();         }          public int TextMaxLength         {             get { return (int)GetValue(TextMaxLengthProperty); }             set { SetValue(TextMaxLengthProperty, value); }         }          // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for TextMaxLength.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...         public static readonly DependencyProperty TextMaxLengthProperty =             DependencyProperty.Register("TextMaxLength", typeof(int), typeof(Control5),                 new PropertyMetadata(int.MaxValue, OnTextChanged));          public string Text         {             get { return (string)GetValue(TextProperty); }             set { SetValue(TextProperty, value); }         }          // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Text.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...         public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =             DependencyProperty.Register("Text", typeof(string), typeof(Control5),                 new PropertyMetadata("", OnTextChanged));          private static void OnTextChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)         {             var me = d as Control5;             me.OnTextChanged();         }          private void OnTextChanged()         {             run1.Text = TextMaxLength.ToString();              if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Text))             {                 txt.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;             }             else             {                 txt.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;                 var len = this.Text.Length;                 if (len <= TextMaxLength)                 {                     txt.Text = this.Text;                     run2.Text = (TextMaxLength - len).ToString();                 }                 else                 {                     txt.Text = this.Text.Remove(TextMaxLength);                     run2.Text = "0";                 }             }         }     } }

使用方式

 <Page     x:Class="Controls.MainPage"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     xmlns:controls="using:Controls">      <StackPanel Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="40">         <controls:Control5 x:Name="control5" TextMaxLength="10" Text="这是控件5"></controls:Control5>     </StackPanel> </Page>

运行结果

UWP控件与DataBind

需求好无厘头啊，不过确实体现出了通过PropertyChangedCallback来处理实现两种或两种以上属性间“联动”（我给起的名字，具体意思就是多个属性联合在一起来实现某个功能，意会吧）情况的方便之处，在这里提醒一下大家，请尽量使用同一个PropertyChangedCallback来处理属性“联动”问题，否则可能会因为属性赋值先后问题，而导致出现各种“值”不一致的bug

4、{TemplateBinding}绑定方式实现自定义控件

用UserControl来制作自定义控件是一个很方便的做法，但是用来制作一些简单或者功能单一的那些最基本的自定义控件时，就显得有点大材小用了，同时UserControl也带来了许多多余的开销，这个时候就可以用另外一种方式来编写这样的控件了，我们可以通过看一下 Control4 的实现方式，来了解一下

Generic.xaml

 <ResourceDictionary     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:controls="using:Controls">      <Style TargetType="controls:Control4">         <Setter Property="Template">             <Setter.Value>                 <ControlTemplate TargetType="controls:Control4">                     <Grid>                         <TextBlock x:Name="txt" Text="{TemplateBinding Text}"></TextBlock>                     </Grid>                 </ControlTemplate>             </Setter.Value>         </Setter>     </Style> </ResourceDictionary>

Control4.cs

 using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;  namespace Controls {     public class Control4 : Control     {         TextBlock txt;          public Control4()         {             DefaultStyleKey = typeof(Control4);         }          //public string Text { set; get; }           public string Text         {             get { return (string)GetValue(TextProperty); }             set { SetValue(TextProperty, value); }         }          // Using a DependencyProperty as the backing store for Text.  This enables animation, styling, binding, etc...         public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =             DependencyProperty.Register("Text", typeof(string), typeof(Control4), new PropertyMetadata(""));           protected override void OnApplyTemplate()         {             base.OnApplyTemplate();              txt = GetTemplateChild("txt") as TextBlock;         }     } }

这种实现方式有几个特点：

a）Generic.xaml文件要放在主项目的根目录下的一个叫做“Themes”的文件夹下，如果没有“Themes”文件夹，可以自己创建一个

b）构造函数里不能缺少DefaultStyleKey = typeof(Control4)

c）您需要对控件的生命周期有一定的了解，因为在不同的时期txt有可能为null

d）所有的绑定方式都是TemplateBinding，当然你也可以用txt.Text=Text来赋值，但是在这之前最好能确定txt不为空

一般在重写控件时使用的比较多例如重写Button、ListView等，您可以到系统的“C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/DesignTime/CommonConfiguration/Neutral/UAP/{版本号比如 10.0.10586.0}/Generic/generic.xaml”里找到这些控件的样式，可以根据视觉需求对控件样式做一些修改，也可以增加一些自定义的功能

5、比较一下

把这5个控件放到一起比较一下

MainPage.xaml

 <Page     x:Class="Controls.MainPage"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     xmlns:controls="using:Controls">      <StackPanel Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="40">         <controls:Control1 x:Name="control1" Text="这是控件1"></controls:Control1>         <controls:Control2 x:Name="control2" Text="这是控件2"></controls:Control2>         <controls:Control3 x:Name="control3" Text="这是控件3"></controls:Control3>         <controls:Control4 x:Name="control4" Text="这是控件4"></controls:Control4>         <controls:Control5 x:Name="control5" Text="这是控件5"></controls:Control5>         <TextBox Name="txt"></TextBox>         <Button Click="Button_Click">update</Button>     </StackPanel> </Page>

MainPage.xaml.cs

 using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;  // The Blank Page item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=402352&clcid=0x409  namespace Controls {     /// <summary>     /// An empty page that can be used on its own or navigated to within a Frame.     /// </summary>     public sealed partial class MainPage : Page     {         public MainPage()         {             this.InitializeComponent();         }          private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)         {             control1.Text = txt.Text;             control2.Text = txt.Text;             control3.Text = txt.Text;             control4.Text = txt.Text;             control5.Text = txt.Text;         }     } }

运行结果

UWP控件与DataBind

看上去这些控件都没有问题，但是如果我们在TextBox中输入内容，然后update一下，再看一下结果

UWP控件与DataBind

我们发现Control1和Control3的值没有更新，问题到底出在哪呢？仔细检查一下会发现这俩个控件的Text属性是普通属性（ public string Text { set; set; } ），依赖属性是有通知属性变更的能力的，而普通属性是不具备这个能力的，所以我们需要控件继承INotifyPropertyChanged接口，于是我们将Control1.xaml.cs作如下变更，Control3也如Control1一样

 using System.ComponentModel; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;  // The User Control item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234236  namespace Controls {     public sealed partial class Control1 : UserControl, INotifyPropertyChanged     {         public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;          public void RaisePropertyChanged([CallerMemberName]string propertyName = null)         {             var handler = PropertyChanged;              if (handler != null)                 handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));         }          public Control1()         {             this.InitializeComponent();         }          private string text;          public string Text         {             get             {                 return text;             }             set             {                 text = value;                 RaisePropertyChanged();             }         }     } }

现在我们再来看一下运行结果

UWP控件与DataBind

Control3是可以了，可是为什么Control1还是不能更新呢，why？让我们来重新看一下Control1的code，原来问题出现在这里

UWP控件与DataBind

前面我们说过{x:Bind}的默认Mode是OneTime，所以我们需要把它改成OneWay

 <UserControl     x:Class="Controls.Control1"     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"     xmlns:local="using:Controls"     xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"     xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"     mc:Ignorable="d"     d:DesignHeight="300"     d:DesignWidth="400">      <Grid>         <TextBlock Text="{x:Bind Text,Mode=OneWay}"></TextBlock>     </Grid> </UserControl>

再来不厌其烦地看一下结果

UWP控件与DataBind

Great！用螺丝钉们经常说的一句话叫“大功告成”。:-D

题外话，给大家出个谜语，猜一猜下面的程序运行结果是多少？

 for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {     await Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, async () =>     {         await Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () =>         {             Debug.WriteLine(i);         });     }); }

原文 http://www.cnblogs.com/ms-uap/p/5520872.html

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