项目中使用分布式并发部署定时任务,多台跨JVM,按照常理逻辑每个JVM的定时任务会各自运行,这样就会存在问题,多台分布式JVM机器的应用服务同时干活,一个是加重服务负担,另外一个是存在严重的逻辑问题,比如需要回滚的数据,就回滚了多次,刚好quartz提供很好的解决方案。
集群分布式并发环境中使用QUARTZ定时任务调度,会在各个节点会上报任务,存到数据库中,执行时会从数据库中取出触发器来执行,如果触发器的名称和执行时间相同,则只有一个节点去执行此任务。
如果此节点执行失败,则此任务则会被分派到另一节点执行,中途也会自动检查失效的定时调度,发现不成功的,其他节点立马接过来继续完成定时任务。对应的定时任务调度表比较多,有11个。
此方法是结合Spring与quartz,实际解决方案如下:
####applicationContext-scheduler.xml### spring 3.11
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule" /> <bean id="rollbackOrderStatus" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean"> <property name="jobClass" value="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule" /> <property name="durability" value="true" /> </bean> <bean id="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean"> <property name="jobDetail" ref="rollbackOrderStatus" /> <property name="cronExpression"> <value>0 0/5 * * * ?</value> </property> <property name="timeZone"> <value>GMT+8:00</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="quartzScheduler" parent="baseQuartzScheduler"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" /> <property name="autoStartup" value="true" /> <!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server --> <property name="schedulerName" value="apiQuartzScheduler" /> <!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! --> <property name="triggers"> <list> <ref bean="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" /> </list> </property> <property name="jobDetails"> <list> <ref bean="rollbackOrderStatus" /> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="baseQuartzScheduler" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean"> <!-- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" /> --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transManager" /> <!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server --> <property name="schedulerName" value="quartzScheduler" /> <!-- Will update database cron triggers to what is in this jobs file on each deploy. Replaces all previous trigger and job data that was in the database. YMMV --> <property name="overwriteExistingJobs" value="true" /> <!-- <property name="autoStartup" value="true" /> --> <property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext" /> <property name="jobFactory"> <bean class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory" /> </property> <!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! --> <!-- <property name="jobDetails"> <list> </list> </property> <property name="triggers"> <list> </list> </property> --> </bean> </beans>
记得对应下面的三个类文件。
###quartz.properties###
# Using Spring datasource in quartzJobsConfig.xml # Spring uses LocalDataSourceJobStore extension of JobStoreCMT org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties=true org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix=QRTZ_ org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered=true # 10 mins org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval=600000 org.quartz.scheduler.skipUpdateCheck=true # Change this to match your DB vendor org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate # Needed to manage cluster instances org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId=AUTO org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName=MY_JOB_SCHEDULER org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.export=false org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.proxy=false org.quartz.threadPool.class=org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount=10 org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority=5 org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread=true # Configure Plugins org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.class = / org.quartz.plugins.history.LoggingTriggerHistoryPlugin org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerFiredMessage = / Trigger /{1/}./{0/} fired job /{6/}./{5/} at: /{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy} org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerCompleteMessage = / Trigger /{1/}./{0/} completed firing job /{6/}./{5/} at /{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy/}.
quartz定时调度常用时间点设置
"0 0 12 * * ?" Fire at 12pm (noon) every day "0 15 10 ? * *" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ?" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ? *" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ? 2005" Fire at 10:15am every day during the year 2005 "0 * 14 * * ?" Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:59pm, every day "0 0/5 14 * * ?" Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, every day "0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, AND fire every 5 minutes starting at 6pm and ending at 6:55pm, every day "0 0-5 14 * * ?" Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:05pm, every day "0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" Fire at 2:10pm and at 2:44pm every Wednesday in the month of March. "0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" Fire at 10:15am every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday "0 15 10 15 * ?" Fire at 10:15am on the 15th day of every month "0 15 10 L * ?" Fire at 10:15am on the last day of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L" Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L" Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" Fire at 10:15am on every last Friday of every month during the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 "0 15 10 ? * 6#3" Fire at 10:15am on the third Friday of every month
真实运行的业务类:ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule.java
应为要持久化等特性操作,需要继承 QuartzJobBean
由于要被持久化,所以不能存放xxxxManager类似对象,
只能从每次从QuartzJobBean注入的ApplicationContext 中去取出
继承QuartzJobBean,实现方法executeInternal
package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext; import org.quartz.JobExecutionException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.dennis.walking.api.service.OrderService; @Component public class ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule extends QuartzJobBean { private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass()); @Autowired OrderService orderService; protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException { log.info("dennis test execute schedule start "); try { orderService.releaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); log.error("execute ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus schedule error:" + e.getMessage()); } log.info("dennis test exxcute schedule end"); } }
持久化数据:PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean.java 保存数据到数据库中
package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailAwareTrigger; /** * Needed to set Quartz useProperties=true when using Spring classes, because * Spring sets an object reference on JobDataMap that is not a String * * @see http://site.trimplement.com/using-spring-and-quartz-with-jobstore-properties * / * @see http * ://forum.springsource.org/showthread.php?130984-Quartz-error-IOException */ public class PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean extends CronTriggerFactoryBean { @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() { super.afterPropertiesSet(); System.out.println("PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean-------------------"); // Remove the JobDetail element getJobDataMap().remove(JobDetailAwareTrigger.JOB_DETAIL_KEY); } }
###AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory.java### 使用spring的 bean文件时,需要使用此类
package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule; import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SpringBeanJobFactory; /** * Autowire Quartz Jobs with Spring context dependencies * * @see http * ://stackoverflow.com/questions/6990767/inject-bean-reference-into-a-quartz * -job-in-spring/15211030#15211030 */ public final class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory implements ApplicationContextAware { private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory; public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext context) { beanFactory = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory(); } @Override protected Object createJobInstance(final TriggerFiredBundle bundle) throws Exception { final Object job = super.createJobInstance(bundle); beanFactory.autowireBean(job); System.out.println("AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory-------------------"); return job; } }
###tables_mysql.sql### 需要建立的11张表
# # Quartz seems to work best with the driver mysql-connector-java-5.1.34-bin.jar # # PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues # # In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set # org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate # DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS; CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL, JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL, IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL, NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, PRIORITY INTEGER NULL, TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL, START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL, MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL, JOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL, REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL, TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80), PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL, STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL, STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL, INT_PROP_1 INT NULL, INT_PROP_2 INT NULL, LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL, LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL, DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL, BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL, BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP), FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL, STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL, JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL, JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL, IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL, REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME) ); CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS ( SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL, LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME) ); commit; ###如果定时任务比较多,建议增加索引提升速度。 /* reate index idx_qrtz_j_req_recovery on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY); create index idx_qrtz_j_grp on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_j on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_jg on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_c on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME); create index idx_qrtz_t_g on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_t_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_n_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_n_g_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_next_fire_time on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire_grp on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE); create index idx_qrtz_ft_trig_inst_name on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME); create index idx_qrtz_ft_inst_job_req_rcvry on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY); create index idx_qrtz_ft_j_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_jg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_t_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); create index idx_qrtz_ft_tg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP); */
本文测试软件环境使用的jar版本是:
quartz-2.2.1.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.34.jar
linux apache-tomcat-7.0.47 ava version "1.7.0_72" 64位
windows7 java version "1.7.0_45" 64位 jetty
Quartz是一个开放源码项目,专注于任务调度器,提供了极为广泛的特性如持久化任务,集群和分布式任务等。 Quartz核心是调度器,还采用多线程管理。
1.持久化任务:当应用程序停止运行时,所有调度信息不被丢失,当你重新启动时,调度信息还存在,这就是持久化任务(保存到数据库表中)。
2.集群和分布式处理:当在集群环境下,当有配置Quartz的多个客户端时(节点),采用Quartz的集群和分布式处理时,我们要了解几点好处
1) 一个节点无法完成的任务,会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。
2) Quartz调度是通过触发器的类别来识别不同的任务,在不同的节点定义相同的触发器的类别,这样在集群下能稳定的运行,一个节点无法完成的任务,会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。
3)分布式体现在当相同的任务定时在一个时间点,在那个时间点,不会被两个节点同时执行。
Quartz的 Task(11 张表)实例化采用数据库存储,基于数据库引擎及 High-Available 的策略(集群的一种策略)自动协调每个节点的 Quartz。
参考文章:
http://www.blogjava.net/paulwong/archive/2014/11/14/420104.html
http://blog.csdn.net/congcong68/article/details/39252897
http://blog.csdn.net/congcong68/article/details/39256307