Java程序经常也会遇到进程挂掉的情况,一些状态没有正确的保存下来,这时候就需要在JVM关掉的时候执行一些清理现场的代码。JAVA中的ShutdownHook提供了比较好的方案。
JDK提供了Java.Runtime.addShutdownHook(Thread hook)方法,可以注册一个JVM关闭的钩子,这个钩子可以在一下几种场景中被调用:
下面是JDK1.7中关于钩子的定义:
public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook) 参数: hook - An initialized but unstarted Thread object 抛出: IllegalArgumentException - If the specified hook has already been registered, or if it can be determined that the hook is already running or has already been run IllegalStateException - If the virtual machine is already in the process of shutting down SecurityException - If a security manager is present and it denies RuntimePermission("shutdownHooks") 从以下版本开始: 1.3 另请参见: removeShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread), halt(int), exit(int)
首先来测试第一种,程序正常退出的情况:
package com.hook; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class HookTest { public void start() { Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("Execute Hook....."); } })); } public static void main(String[] args) { new HookTest().start(); System.out.println("The Application is doing something"); try { TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
运行结果:
The Application is doing something Execute Hook.....
如上可以看到,当main线程运行结束之后就会调用关闭钩子。
下面再来测试第五种情况(顺序有点乱,表在意这些细节):
package com.hook; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class HookTest2 { public void start() { Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("Execute Hook....."); } })); } public static void main(String[] args) { new HookTest().start(); System.out.println("The Application is doing something"); byte[] b = new byte[500*1024*1024]; try { TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
运行参数设置为:-Xmx20M 这样可以保证会有OutOfMemoryError的发生。
运行结果:
The Application is doing something Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space at com.hook.HookTest2.main(HookTest2.java:22) Execute Hook.....
可以看到程序遇到内存溢出错误后调用关闭钩子,与第一种情况中,程序等待5000ms运行结束之后推出调用关闭钩子不同。
接下来再来测试第三种情况:
package com.hook; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class HookTest3 { public void start() { Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("Execute Hook....."); } })); } public static void main(String[] args) { new HookTest3().start(); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable(){ @Override public void run() { while(true) { System.out.println("thread is running...."); try { TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }); thread.start(); } }
在命令行中编译:javac com/hook/HookTest3.java
在命令行中运行:Java com.hook.HookTest3 (之后按下Ctrl+C)
运行结果:
可以看到效果如预期。
还有几种情况就不一一列出了,有兴趣的读者可以试一下。