这个很简单,只需要web容器中注册org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener,并指定spring加载配置文件,那么spring容器搭建完成。(当然org.springframework的核心jar包需要引入)
当然为了更加易用支持J2EE应用,一般我们还会加上如下:
Spring监听HTTP请求事件:org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener
<!-- spring配置文件开始 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><!-- spring配置文件,请根据需要选取 --> <param-value>classpath*:webconfig/service-all.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener><!-- Spring负责监听web容器启动和关闭的事件 --><!-- Spring ApplicationContext载入 --> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener><!-- Spring监听HTTP请求事件 --> <!-- 使spring支持request与session的scope,如: --> <!-- <bean id="loginAction" class="com.foo.LoginAction" scope="request"/> --> <!-- 使用: --> <!-- 1、注解获取:@Autowired HttpServletRequest request; --> <!-- 2、java代码:HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes)RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest(); --> <!-- 3、直接在参数中传递:public String sayHi(HttpServletRequest request) --> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener><!-- Spring 刷新Introspector防止内存泄露 --> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- spring配置文件结束 -->
首先我们知道Spring MVC的核心是org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet,所以web容器中少不了它的注册。(当然org.springframework的web、mvc包及其依赖jar包需要引入)
<!-- spring mvc配置开始 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>Spring-MVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value><!-- spring mvc配置文件 --> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Spring-MVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- spring mvc配置结束 -->
同时为了更好使用MVC,spring-mvc.xml需要配置以下:
1)(可选)多部分请求解析器(MultipartResolver)配置,与上传文件有关 需要类库commons-io、commons-fileupload
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property><!-- 默认编码--> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="104857600"></property><!-- 文件大小最大值--> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"></property><!-- 内存中的最大值--> </bean>
2)(可选)本地化(LocaleResolver)配置
3)(可选)主题解析器(ThemeResolver)配置
4)(必选)处理器映射器(HandlerMapping)配置,可以配置多个,一般采用RequestMappingHandlerMapping或者自定义
这里我们自定义了一个处理器映射器,继承重写RequestMappingHandlerMapping,支持@RequestMapping无需任何path参数自动装载类名或方法作为url路径匹配。
<bean id="handlerMapping" class="io.flysium.framework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.CustomHandlerMapping"> <property name="order" value="-1" /> </bean>
CustomHandlerMapping实现:
@Override protected RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class handlerType) { RequestMappingInfo info = createRequestMappingInfoDefault(method); if (info != null) { RequestMappingInfo typeInfo = createRequestMappingInfoDefault(handlerType); if (typeInfo != null) info = typeInfo.combine(info); } return info; } private RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfoDefault(AnnotatedElement element) { RequestMapping requestMapping = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(element, RequestMapping.class); RequestCondition condition = (element instanceof Class) ? getCustomTypeCondition((Class) element) : getCustomMethodCondition((Method) element); /** * 以类名和方法名映射请求,参照@RequestMapping * 默认不需要添加任何参数(如:/className/methodName.do) */ String defaultName = (element instanceof Class) ? ((Class) element).getSimpleName() : ((Method) element).getName(); return requestMapping == null ? null : createRequestMappingInfo(requestMapping, condition, defaultName); } protected RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(RequestMapping annotation, RequestCondition<?> customCondition, String defaultName) { String[] patterns = resolveEmbeddedValuesInPatterns(annotation.value()); if (patterns != null && (patterns.length == 0)) { patterns = new String[]{defaultName}; } return new RequestMappingInfo( new PatternsRequestCondition(patterns, getUrlPathHelper(), getPathMatcher(), this.useSuffixPatternMatch, this.useTrailingSlashMatch, this.fileExtensions), new RequestMethodsRequestCondition(annotation.method()), new ParamsRequestCondition(annotation.params()), new HeadersRequestCondition(annotation.headers()), new ConsumesRequestCondition(annotation.consumes(), annotation.headers()), new ProducesRequestCondition(annotation.produces(), annotation.headers(), this.contentNegotiationManager), customCondition); }
5)(必选)处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)配置,可以配置多个,主要是配置messageConverters,其主要作用是映射前台传参与handler处理方法参数。一般扩展RequestMappingHandlerAdapter,或者自定义。如果我们需要json请求的处理,这里必须扩展。同时我们需要注意的是日期格式的转换。
另外Spring 4.2新特性,加之注解会自动注入@ControllerAdvice,可以定义RequestBodyAdvice、ResponseBodyAdvice,可以更方便地在参数处理方面着手自定义。
<bean id="handlerAdapter" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"> <property name="order" value="-1" /> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <!-- <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter" /> --> <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /> </list> </property> <property name="webBindingInitializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.web.bind.support.ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer"> <property name="conversionService"> <!-- 针对普通请求(非application/json) 前台的日期字符串与后台的Java Date对象转化, 此情况,应使用spring mvc本身的内置日期处理 --> <!-- 可以在VO属性上加注解:@DateTimeFormat 需要类库joda-time --> <bean class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"> </bean> </property> </bean> </property> </bean> <!-- json请求(application/json)返回值Date转String,全局配置 --> <bean name="jacksonObjectMapper" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean"> <property name="featuresToDisable"> <array> <util:constant static-field="com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS" /> </array> </property> <!-- 如果想自定义,可以在VO属性上加注解:@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING, pattern = Consts.DATE_PATTERN.DATE_PATTERN_OBLIQUE,timezone = "GMT+8") --> <property name="simpleDateFormat"> <value>yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</value> </property> </bean> <!--避免IE执行Ajax时,返回JSON出现下载文件 --> <!-- 自定义 --> <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="io.flysium.framework.http.converter.json.CustomJackson2HttpMessageConverter"> <property name="objectMapper" ref="jacksonObjectMapper" /> <property name="supportedMediaTypes"> <list> <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value> <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value> </list> </property> </bean>
6)(可选)处理器异常解析器(HandlerExceptionResolver)配置,可以配置多个,配置Controller异常抛出后,我们是怎么样处理的,一般需要日志或做反馈的可以自定义。
7)(可选)请求到视图名翻译器(RequestToViewNameTranslator)配置,RequestToViewNameTranslator可以在处理器返回的View为空时使用它根据Request获得viewName。
8)(可选)视图解析器(ViewResolver)配置,可以配置多个,定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ,视图模式配置,主要针对@Controller返回ModelAndView的视图路径解析,动给后面控制器的方法return的字符串 加上前缀和后缀,变成一个 可用的url地址 。
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> </bean>
最后给Controller加入组件扫描吧,这样减少xml配置,直接在Java代码中加入注解即可。
<!-- 自动扫描类包,将标志Spring注解的类自动转化为Bean,同时完成Bean的注入 --> <!-- 扫描控制器 --> <context:component-scan base-package="io.flysium" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController" /> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /> </context:component-scan>
整合mybatis到Spring框架,我们需要mybatis的jar包,及mybatis-spring整合jar包。然后在Spring容器中注册配置org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean(需要数据源,及指定Mybatis配置文件)及org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate即可。
更多整合请参照Git项目:https://git.oschina.net/svenaugustus/app-ss4m-less
目前除了ssm,另外整合redis(支持切换单节点配置、主从哨兵配置,集群配置)、spring session方案。
其中包括spring MVC的简单demo,用于学习交流。