IDEA+Maven、创建SpringBoot项目、属性配置、多环境配置

IntelliJ IDEA 安装

下载地址： 点击前往

注意：需要下载专业版本的，注册码在网上随便搜一个就行啦

MAVEN工具的安装

获取安装包

下载地址： 点击前往

安装过程

到官网下载的maven是绿色版的，无需安装，解压即可

修改maven的配置

配置maven的本地仓库路径

<localRepository>D://PTool/maven/apache-maven-3.5.0/conf/bdck</localRepository>

配置maven的远程仓库地址

<mirror>
      <id>aliyun</id>
      <name>aliyun Maven</name>
      <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
    </mirror>

注意：这两个配置都只需要在setting.xml中设置就可以啦

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->
 
<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
 |                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in
 |                 ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
  -->
  <localRepository>D://PTool/maven/apache-maven-3.5.0/conf/bdck</localRepository>
  
 
  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->
 
  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->
 
  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
  </pluginGroups>
 
  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>
 
  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     |
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->
 
    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>
 
  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   |
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
    </mirror>
     -->
    <mirror>
      <id>aliyun</id>
      <name>aliyun Maven</name>
      <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>
 
  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>
 
      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>
 
      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->
 
    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>
 
      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>
 
      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
  </profiles>
 
  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
</settings>
 
setting.xml

配置maven的环境变量

注意：配置maven的环境变量前请配置好Java的环境变量

配置完环境变量后再dos窗口中执行：mvn -v 查看版本

在 InteliJ IDEA 中配置maven

配置信息看图即可

创建SpringBoot项目

注意：会自动生成一个包含main函数的应用入口类

package cn.xinagxu.girl02;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class Girl02Application {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Girl02Application.class, args);
    }
}

注意：创建好的springboot项目的pom.xml文件已经自动引入了两个依赖和一个插件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>cn.xinagxu</groupId>
    <artifactId>girl02</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
    <name>girl02</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
 
</project>
 
pom.xml

利用springBoot项目编写一个hello world

编写一个controller类，当前段请求为 http://127.0.0.1:8080/ 时以JSON格式放回 Hello World!

package cn.xinagxu.girl02.controller;
 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
public class HelloController {
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }
}

注意：@RestController = @Controller + @ResponseBody

启动应用

直接在应用入口类中点击右键运行即可

利用maven启动

进入到项目的根目录后执行

mnv spring-boot:run

利用maven启动方式2

进入到项目根目录

执行 mvn install 编译项目

再去到 target 目录下 cd target

注意：target目录存放的都是编译过后的文件

再利用 java -jar 项目名.jar

属性配置

springBoot支持两种方式的配置文件

properties、yml

配置上下文路径为 /girl02

配置端口为：8888

properties：

server.context-path=/girl02
server.port=8888

yml

server:
  context-path: /girl
  port: 9999

注意：yml的配置时冒号后面必须加一个空格；推荐使用yml格式的配置方式

单个的属性配置

在配置文件中配置变量以及变量值

在需要用到的地方引入这个属性，类似于从容器中引入对象一样

package cn.xinagxu.girl02.controller;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@Controller
@ResponseBody
public class HelloController {
 
    @Value("{character}")
    private String character;
    @Value("${age}")
    private Integer age;
    @Value("${content}")
    private String content;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello World!" + "性格：" + character + " 年龄：" + age + " 详细信息为：" + content;
    }
}

将一个对象作为单个属性进行配置

编写一个实体类

package cn.xinagxu.girl02.entity;
 
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "student")
public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
 
    public Student() {
    }
 
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '/'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

在配置文件中配置实体类的属性值

类似于给一个实体bean赋值

在用到的地方引入这个实体类

package cn.xinagxu.girl02.controller;
 
import cn.xinagxu.girl02.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
@Controller
@ResponseBody
public class HelloController {
 
    @Value("{character}")
    private String character;
    @Value("${age}")
    private Integer age;
    @Value("${content}")
    private String content;
 
    @Autowired
    private Student student;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/")
    public String hello() {
//        return "Hello World!" + "性格：" + character + " 年龄：" + age + " 详细信息为：" + content;
        return student.toString();
    }
}

多环境配置

注意：前面两个配置文件中配置的东西是公用的，后面两个中一个是开发环境，一个是生产环境

#server:
#  context-path: /girl
#  port: 9999
 
spring:
  profiles:
    active: prod
 
 
character: 外向
age: 24
 
content: "性格：{character}, 年龄：${age}"
 
student:
  id: 1
  age: 24
  naem: 三少
 
主环境配置

server:
  context-path: /girl
  port: 9999

server:
  context-path: /girl
  port: 8888

同时在启动两个环境

在IntelliJ IDEA中启动主配置中指定的那个环境

利用maven启动项目，并指定运行环境

java -jar 项目名.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod

注意：运行前需要编译项目然后进入到target文件夹中