微服务是一个新兴的软件架构,就是把一个大型的单个应用程序和服务拆分为数十个的支持微服务。一个微服务的策略可以让工作变得更为简便,它可扩展单个组件而不是整个的应用程序堆栈,从而满足服务等级协议。
Spring 为 微服务提供了一整套的组件-SpringClound , SpirngBoot 就是该基础。
这里使用的开发软件是IntelliJ Idea,和Eclipse差不太多,界面更炫酷,功能更强大;Android Studio就是基于IntelliJ 开发的,我之前使用过Android Studio,它俩界面几乎一样。
IntelliJ Idea官网:http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/
配置好 maven, tomcat, jdk 就可以使用了
maven配置的中央仓库阿里云镜像,这个地址下载 jar 包的速度,谁用谁知道!
setting.xml
. . <mirrors> <mirror> <id>alimaven</id> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror> </mirrors> . .
我的IDEA版本:IntelliJ IDEA 2016.3.1
项目结构为:
项目默认的 maven pom.xml文件
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jxust</groupId> <artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>spirngbootdemo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
运行SpirngbootdemoApplication的main方法,就能开始运行。
其他启动方式,请看视频教程http://www.imooc.com/learn/767/
控制台输出:
"C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/java" .... . ____ _ __ _ _ /// / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ / / / / ( ( )/___ | '_ | '_| | '_ // _` | / / / / /// ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_/__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v1.4.2.RELEASE) 2016-12-16 14:56:52.083 INFO 15872 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup 2016-12-16 14:56:52.215 INFO 15872 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) 2016-12-16 14:56:52.255 INFO 15872 --- [ main] com.jxust.SpirngbootdemoApplication : Started SpirngbootdemoApplication in 7.795 seconds (JVM running for 9.177)
从这里可以看到 Tomcat 的端口号,因为还没有自定义Controller,所以还没有视图,下面来创建一个输出Hello SpringBoot!的视图。
创建一个HelloController,位于controller包下
HelloController.java
package com.jxust.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 15:45 */ @RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String say(){ return "Hello SpringBoot!"; } }
@RestController Spring4 之后新加的注解,原来返回json需要@ResponseBody配合@Controller,现在一个顶俩
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/hello就能输出Hello SpringBoot!这句话。
用到的是application.properties这个文件
配置端口号和访问前缀
application.properties
server.port=8081 server.context-path=/springboot
除了使用.properties格式的文件,还可以使用.yml格式的配置文件(推荐),更加简便
application.yml
把原来的application.properties文件删除
注意格式,空格不能少
我们也可以在配置文件中,配置数据,在 Controller 中获取,比如:
application.yml
server: port: 8081 context-path: /springboot name: 小胖
HelloController 获取配置文件中的值
HelloController.java
.... @RestController public class HelloController { @Value("${name}") private String name; @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String say(){ return name; } }
返回的为name的值
配置文件中值配置方式的多样化
配置文件的值可以是多个,也可以是组合,如:
application.yml
name: 小胖 age: 22
或者
name: 小胖 age: 22 content: "name: ${name},age: ${age}"
或者
server: port: 8081 context-path: /springboot person: name: 小胖 age: 22
前两种配置获取值的方式都是一样的,但是对于这种方式,person 有相应的两个属性,需要这样处理
PersonProperties.java
package com.jxust; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 16:34 */ @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") public class PersonProperties { private String name; private Integer age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } }
Alt+insert快捷键提示生成 Getter and Setter
pom.xml需要加入下面的依赖,处理警告
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency>
HelloController.java
package com.jxust.controller; import com.jxust.PersonProperties; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/15 20:55 */ @RestController public class HelloController { @Autowired private PersonProperties personProperties; @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String say(){ return personProperties.getName()+personProperties.getAge(); } }
关于配置文件application.yml的多套配置
类似 il8n 文件国际化的配置方式i18n_en_US.properties和i18n_zh_CN.properties
这样能解决,需要频繁修改配置的尴尬
由application.yml配置文件决定使用那套配置文件。
application.yml
spring: profiles: active: a
application-a.yml
server: port: 8081 context-path: /springboot person: name: 小雷 age: 21
application-b.yml
server: port: 8081 context-path: /springboot person: name: 小胖 age: 22
完整的项目结构
@Controller chu处理http请求 @RestController Spring4 之后新加的注解,原来返回json需要@ResponseBody配合@Controller @RequestMapping 配置url映射
对于 REST 风格的请求
对于 Controller 中的方法上的注解
@RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.GET) @RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.POST) @RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.DELETE) @RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.PUT)
SpringBoot 对上面的注解进行了简化
@GetMapping(value = “/girls”) @PostMapping(value = “/girls”) @PutMapping(value = “/girls/{id}”) @DeleteMapping(value = “/girls/{id}”)
浏览器需要发送不同方式的请求,可以安装HttpRequester插件,火狐浏览器可以直接搜索该组件安装。
JPA全称Java Persistence API.JPA通过JDK 5.0注解或XML描述对象-关系表的映射关系,并将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中。
Hibernate3.2+、TopLink 10.1.3以及OpenJPA都提供了JPA的实现。
pom.xml加入JPA和MySQL的依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency>
application.yml
spring: profiles: active: a datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_person username: root password: root jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true
格式很重要
需要自己手动去创建 db_person 数据库
Person.java
package com.jxust.entity; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.Id; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 17:56 */ @Entity public class Person { @Id @GeneratedValue private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; //必须要有构造函数 public Person() { } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } }
运行项目后,查看数据库,会自动创建表 person
mysql> use db_person; Database changed mysql> desc person; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | name | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.09 sec)
接下来就可以进行person表的增删改查了
首先创建一个接口PersonRepository,位于dao包下,PersonController调用该接口继承自JpaRepository的方法,来实现和数据库交互
这个PersonRepository接口的功能,与SSM框架中 dao 层接口功能有异曲同工之妙;在SSM框架中,Service层通过该接口,间接执行Mybatis数据库映射文件(.xml)里的相应sql语句,执行数据库增删改查的操作。(Mapper自动实现DAO接口)
PersonRepository.java
package com.jxust.dao; import com.jxust.entity.Person; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:07 */ public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> { }
PersonController.java
package com.jxust.controller; import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository; import com.jxust.entity.Person; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.List; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:04 */ @RestController public class PersonController { @Autowired PersonRepository personRepository; @GetMapping(value = "/person") private List<Person> personList() { return personRepository.findAll(); } }
在数据库中添加两条数据
mysql> select * from person; +----+------+--------+ | id | age | name | +----+------+--------+ | 1 | 23 | 夏洛 | | 2 | 21 | 马冬梅 | +----+------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.04 sec)
启动项目执行请求http://localhost:8081/springboot/person
控制台输出的sql语句:
Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_
其他增删改查的方法
PersonController.java
.... /** * 添加一个人员 * * @param name * @param age * @return */ @PostMapping(value = "/person") public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") Integer age) { Person person = new Person(); person.setName(name); person.setAge(age); return personRepository.save(person); } /** * 查询一个人员 * * @param id * @return */ @GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}") public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { return personRepository.findOne(id); } /** * 删除一个人员 * * @param id */ @DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}") public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { personRepository.delete(id); } /** * 更新一个人员 * * @param id * @param name * @param age * @return */ @PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}") public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") Integer age) { Person person = new Person(); person.setId(id); person.setName(name); person.setAge(age); return personRepository.save(person); }
对应的请求方式为:
查询一个用户:
添加一个用户
删除一个用户(无返回值)
更新一个用户
那么根据年龄查询,可不可以呢。答案是此刻还不行
从控制台的语句可以看出,sql 语句都是根据id来查询的
Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.id=?
在PersonRepository增加一个方法findByAge(Integer age)
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> { /** * 通过年龄来查询 * 方法名固定findByAge * @param age * @return */ public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age); }
在PersonController中加入相应的查询方法
.... /** * 通过年龄来查询 * @param age * @return */ @GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}") public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) { return personRepository.findByAge(age); }
输入请求http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/age/23,查询年龄为23的人员
控制台输出SQL语句:
Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.age=?
两条 sql 语句同时在一个方法中执行,为了防止一个 sql 语句执行成功而另一个 sql 语句执行失败,引入了事务管理,需要在方法上加 @Transactional事务注解
事务确保了数据库数据的完整性和一致性
PersonService.java
package com.jxust.service; import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository; import com.jxust.entity.Person; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import javax.transaction.Transactional; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 19:30 */ @Service public class PersonService { @Autowired private PersonRepository personRepository; /** * 事务管理测试 * 两条数据同时成功,或者同时不成功 * 保证数据库数据的完整性和一致性 */ @Transactional public void insertTwo(){ Person personA = new Person(); personA.setName("秋雅"); personA.setAge(19); personRepository.save(personA); System.out.print(1/0); Person personB = new Person(); personB.setName("梦特娇"); personB.setAge(25); personRepository.save(personB); } }
在PersonController中测试
... @Autowired private PersonService personService; ... /** * 事务测试 */ @PostMapping("/person/two") public void personTwo(){ personService.insertTwo(); }
重新运行项目,执行请求 post方式http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/two
数据库并没有添加第一条数据,说明存在事务管理
PersonController.java
package com.jxust.controller; import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository; import com.jxust.entity.Person; import com.jxust.service.PersonService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.List; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:04 */ @RestController public class PersonController { @Autowired PersonRepository personRepository; @Autowired private PersonService personService; /** * 查询所有人员列表 * * @return */ @GetMapping(value = "/person") private List<Person> personList() { return personRepository.findAll(); } /** * 添加一个人员 * * @param name * @param age * @return */ @PostMapping(value = "/person") public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") Integer age) { Person person = new Person(); person.setName(name); person.setAge(age); return personRepository.save(person); } /** * 查询一个人员 * * @param id * @return */ @GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}") public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { return personRepository.findOne(id); } /** * 删除一个人员 * * @param id */ @DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}") public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { personRepository.delete(id); } /** * 更新一个人员 * * @param id * @param name * @param age * @return */ @PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}") public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") Integer age) { Person person = new Person(); person.setId(id); person.setName(name); person.setAge(age); return personRepository.save(person); } /** * 通过年龄来查询 * @param age * @return */ @GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}") public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) { return personRepository.findByAge(age); } /** * 事务测试 */ @PostMapping("/person/two") public void personTwo(){ personService.insertTwo(); } }
PersonRepository.java
package com.jxust.dao; import com.jxust.entity.Person; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import java.util.List; /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:07 */ public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> { /** * 通过年龄来查询 * 方法名固定 * @param age * @return */ public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age); }
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jxust</groupId> <artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>spirngbootdemo</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
源代码下载
http://download.csdn.net/detail/peng_hong_fu/9713665