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IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

SpringBoot 是 SpringMVC 的升级,对于编码、配置、部署和监控,更加简单

微服务

微服务是一个新兴的软件架构,就是把一个大型的单个应用程序和服务拆分为数十个的支持微服务。一个微服务的策略可以让工作变得更为简便,它可扩展单个组件而不是整个的应用程序堆栈,从而满足服务等级协议。

Spring 为 微服务提供了一整套的组件-SpringClound , SpirngBoot 就是该基础。

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

第一个SpringBoot程序

这里使用的开发软件是IntelliJ Idea,和Eclipse差不太多,界面更炫酷,功能更强大;Android Studio就是基于IntelliJ 开发的,我之前使用过Android Studio,它俩界面几乎一样。

IntelliJ Idea官网:http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/

配置好 maven, tomcat, jdk 就可以使用了

maven配置的中央仓库阿里云镜像,这个地址下载 jar 包的速度,谁用谁知道!

setting.xml

.
.
 <mirrors>
    <mirror>
      <id>alimaven</id>
      <name>aliyun maven</name>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>        
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>
  .
  .

使用IDEA创建SpringBoot项目

我的IDEA版本:IntelliJ IDEA 2016.3.1

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

项目结构为:

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

项目默认的 maven pom.xml文件

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>com.jxust</groupId>
    <artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
    <name>spirngbootdemo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

运行SpirngbootdemoApplication的main方法,就能开始运行。

其他启动方式,请看视频教程http://www.imooc.com/learn/767/

控制台输出:

"C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/java" ....
 
  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /// / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ / / / /
( ( )/___ | '_ | '_| | '_ // _` | / / / /
 ///  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_/__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.4.2.RELEASE)
 2016-12-16 14:56:52.083  INFO 15872 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2016-12-16 14:56:52.215  INFO 15872 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-12-16 14:56:52.255  INFO 15872 --- [           main] com.jxust.SpirngbootdemoApplication      : Started SpirngbootdemoApplication in 7.795 seconds (JVM running for 9.177)

从这里可以看到 Tomcat 的端口号,因为还没有自定义Controller,所以还没有视图,下面来创建一个输出Hello SpringBoot!的视图。

创建一个HelloController,位于controller包下

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

HelloController.java

package com.jxust.controller;
 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 15:45
 */
@RestController
public class HelloController {
 
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String say(){
        return "Hello SpringBoot!";
    }
}

@RestController Spring4 之后新加的注解,原来返回json需要@ResponseBody配合@Controller,现在一个顶俩

在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/hello就能输出Hello SpringBoot!这句话。

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

自定义属性配置

用到的是application.properties这个文件

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

配置端口号和访问前缀

application.properties

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/springboot

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

除了使用.properties格式的文件,还可以使用.yml格式的配置文件(推荐),更加简便

application.yml

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

把原来的application.properties文件删除

注意格式,空格不能少

获取配置文件中的属性值

我们也可以在配置文件中,配置数据,在 Controller 中获取,比如:

application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
  context-path: /springboot
name: 小胖

HelloController 获取配置文件中的值

HelloController.java

....
@RestController
public class HelloController {
 
    @Value("${name}")
    private String name;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String say(){
        return name;
    }
}

返回的为name的值

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

配置文件中值配置方式的多样化

配置文件的值可以是多个,也可以是组合,如:

application.yml

name: 小胖
age: 22

或者

name: 小胖
age: 22
content: "name: ${name},age: ${age}"

或者

server:
  port: 8081
  context-path: /springboot
person:
  name: 小胖
  age: 22

前两种配置获取值的方式都是一样的,但是对于这种方式,person 有相应的两个属性,需要这样处理

PersonProperties.java

package com.jxust;
 
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 16:34
 */
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class PersonProperties {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

Alt+insert快捷键提示生成 Getter and Setter

pom.xml需要加入下面的依赖,处理警告

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

HelloController.java

package com.jxust.controller;
 
import com.jxust.PersonProperties;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/15 20:55
 */
@RestController
public class HelloController {
 
   @Autowired
   private PersonProperties personProperties;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String say(){
        return personProperties.getName()+personProperties.getAge();
    }
}

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

关于配置文件application.yml的多套配置

类似 il8n 文件国际化的配置方式i18n_en_US.properties和i18n_zh_CN.properties

这样能解决,需要频繁修改配置的尴尬

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

由application.yml配置文件决定使用那套配置文件。

application.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    active: a

application-a.yml

server:
  port: 8081
  context-path: /springboot
person:
  name: 小雷
  age: 21

application-b.yml

server:
  port: 8081
  context-path: /springboot
person:
  name: 小胖
  age: 22

SpringBoot增删改查实例

完整的项目结构

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

Controller的使用

@Controller chu处理http请求
@RestController Spring4 之后新加的注解,原来返回json需要@ResponseBody配合@Controller
@RequestMapping 配置url映射

对于 REST 风格的请求

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

对于 Controller 中的方法上的注解

@RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.GET)  @RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.POST)  @RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.DELETE)  @RequestMapping(value = “/hello”,method = RequestMethod.PUT)

SpringBoot 对上面的注解进行了简化

@GetMapping(value = “/girls”)  @PostMapping(value = “/girls”)  @PutMapping(value = “/girls/{id}”)  @DeleteMapping(value = “/girls/{id}”)

浏览器需要发送不同方式的请求,可以安装HttpRequester插件,火狐浏览器可以直接搜索该组件安装。

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

spring-data-jpa

JPA全称Java Persistence API.JPA通过JDK 5.0注解或XML描述对象-关系表的映射关系,并将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中。

Hibernate3.2+、TopLink 10.1.3以及OpenJPA都提供了JPA的实现。

利用JPA创建MySQL数据库

pom.xml加入JPA和MySQL的依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

配置JPA和数据库

application.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    active: a
  datasource:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_person
      username: root
      password: root
 
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true

格式很重要

需要自己手动去创建 db_person 数据库

创建与数据表对应的实体类Person

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

Person.java

package com.jxust.entity;
 
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 17:56
 */
@Entity
public class Person {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private  Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
 
    //必须要有构造函数
    public Person() {
    }
 
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

运行项目后,查看数据库,会自动创建表 person

mysql> use db_person;
Database changed
mysql> desc person;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| age   | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| name  | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.09 sec)

接下来就可以进行person表的增删改查了

创建控制器PersonController.java

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

首先创建一个接口PersonRepository,位于dao包下,PersonController调用该接口继承自JpaRepository的方法,来实现和数据库交互

这个PersonRepository接口的功能,与SSM框架中 dao 层接口功能有异曲同工之妙;在SSM框架中,Service层通过该接口,间接执行Mybatis数据库映射文件(.xml)里的相应sql语句,执行数据库增删改查的操作。(Mapper自动实现DAO接口)

PersonRepository.java

package com.jxust.dao;
 
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 18:07
 */
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> {
}

PersonController.java

package com.jxust.controller;
 
import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 18:04
 */
@RestController
public class PersonController {
    @Autowired
    PersonRepository personRepository;
    @GetMapping(value = "/person")
    private List<Person> personList() {
        return personRepository.findAll();
    }
}

在数据库中添加两条数据

mysql> select * from person;
+----+------+--------+
| id | age  | name   |
+----+------+--------+
|  1 |   23 | 夏洛   |
|  2 |   21 | 马冬梅 |
+----+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.04 sec)

启动项目执行请求http://localhost:8081/springboot/person

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

控制台输出的sql语句:

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_

其他增删改查的方法

PersonController.java

....
    /**
     * 添加一个人员
     *
     * @param name
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping(value = "/person")
    public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name,
                        @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setName(name);
        person.setAge(age);
 
        return personRepository.save(person);
    }
 
    /**
     * 查询一个人员
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
    public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return personRepository.findOne(id);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个人员
     *
     * @param id
     */
    @DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
    public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        personRepository.delete(id);
    }
 
    /**
     * 更新一个人员
     *
     * @param id
     * @param name
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
    public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
                           @RequestParam("name") String name,
                           @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setId(id);
        person.setName(name);
        person.setAge(age);
        return personRepository.save(person);
    }

对应的请求方式为:

查询一个用户:

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

添加一个用户

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

删除一个用户(无返回值)

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

更新一个用户

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

那么根据年龄查询,可不可以呢。答案是此刻还不行

从控制台的语句可以看出,sql 语句都是根据id来查询的

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.id=?

根据年龄查询

在PersonRepository增加一个方法findByAge(Integer age)

public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> {
    /**
     *  通过年龄来查询
     *  方法名固定findByAge
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age);
}

在PersonController中加入相应的查询方法

....
    /**
     * 通过年龄来查询
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}")
    public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) {
        return personRepository.findByAge(age);
    }

输入请求http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/age/23,查询年龄为23的人员

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

控制台输出SQL语句:

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.age=?

事务管理

两条 sql 语句同时在一个方法中执行,为了防止一个 sql 语句执行成功而另一个 sql 语句执行失败,引入了事务管理,需要在方法上加 @Transactional事务注解

事务确保了数据库数据的完整性和一致性

IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot 数据库增删改查实例

PersonService.java

package com.jxust.service;
 
import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 19:30
 */
@Service
public class PersonService {
    @Autowired
    private PersonRepository personRepository;
 
    /**
     * 事务管理测试
     * 两条数据同时成功,或者同时不成功
     * 保证数据库数据的完整性和一致性
     */
    @Transactional
    public void insertTwo(){
        Person personA = new Person();
        personA.setName("秋雅");
        personA.setAge(19);
        personRepository.save(personA);
 
        System.out.print(1/0);
 
        Person personB = new Person();
        personB.setName("梦特娇");
        personB.setAge(25);
        personRepository.save(personB);
    }
}

在PersonController中测试

...
    @Autowired
    private PersonService personService;
    ...
     /**
     * 事务测试
     */
    @PostMapping("/person/two")
    public void personTwo(){
        personService.insertTwo();
    }

重新运行项目,执行请求 post方式http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/two

数据库并没有添加第一条数据,说明存在事务管理

完整的PersonController.java、PersonRepository.java和pom.xml

PersonController.java

package com.jxust.controller;
 
import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
import com.jxust.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 18:04
 */
@RestController
public class PersonController {
    @Autowired
    PersonRepository personRepository;
    @Autowired
    private PersonService personService;
    /**
     * 查询所有人员列表
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/person")
    private List<Person> personList() {
        return personRepository.findAll();
    }
 
    /**
     * 添加一个人员
     *
     * @param name
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping(value = "/person")
    public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name,
                        @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setName(name);
        person.setAge(age);
 
        return personRepository.save(person);
    }
 
    /**
     * 查询一个人员
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
    public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return personRepository.findOne(id);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个人员
     *
     * @param id
     */
    @DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
    public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        personRepository.delete(id);
    }
 
    /**
     * 更新一个人员
     *
     * @param id
     * @param name
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
    public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
                           @RequestParam("name") String name,
                           @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setId(id);
        person.setName(name);
        person.setAge(age);
        return personRepository.save(person);
    }
 
    /**
     * 通过年龄来查询
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}")
    public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) {
        return personRepository.findByAge(age);
    }
 
   /**
     * 事务测试
     */
    @PostMapping("/person/two")
    public void personTwo(){
        personService.insertTwo();
    }
}

PersonRepository.java

package com.jxust.dao;
 
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 * Created by Peng
 * Time: 2016/12/16 18:07
 */
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> {
    /**
     *  通过年龄来查询
     *  方法名固定
     * @param age
     * @return
     */
    public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age);
}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>com.jxust</groupId>
    <artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
    <name>spirngbootdemo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
 
</project>

源代码下载

http://download.csdn.net/detail/peng_hong_fu/9713665

原文  https://blog.phpsoho.com/2018/02/07/intellij-idea-springboot-数据库增删改查实例/
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