在日常 web
开发中发生了异常,往往需要通过一个统一的 异常处理 ,来保证客户端能够收到友好的提示。本文将会介绍 Spring Boot
中的 全局统一异常处理 。
利用 Spring Initializer
创建一个 gradle
项目 spring-boot-global-exception-handle
,创建时添加相关依赖。得到的初始 build.gradle
如下:
buildscript { ext { springBootVersion = '2.0.3.RELEASE' } repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}") } } apply plugin: 'java' apply plugin: 'eclipse' apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot' apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management' group = 'io.ostenant.springboot.sample' version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT' sourceCompatibility = 1.8 repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web') compile('org.projectlombok:lombok') compile('org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.1') compile('com.google.guava:guava:19.0') testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') }
@SpringBootApplication public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
首先安装 Intellij Idea
的 lombok
插件,这里不做详细的介绍。切记,需要在设置中将 Enable annotation processing
勾选上,否则 测试代码 在 编译时 会无法对 lombok
插件配置的 注解 进行处理。
使用 lombok
工具提供的 注解 配置一个实体类
import lombok.Data; @Data public class User implements Serializable { private Long id; private String username; private String accountName; }
ErrorMessage
实体用于记录具体的 异常信息 ,并响应 客户端 。
import lombok.Getter; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import lombok.Setter; import lombok.ToString; @NoArgsConstructor @Setter @Getter @ToString public class ErrorMessage<T> { public static final Integer OK = 0; public static final Integer ERROR = 100; private Integer code; private String message; private String url; private T data; }
SessionNotFoundException.java
public class SessionNotFoundException extends Exception { @Getter @Setter protected String message; public SessionNotFoundException() { setMessage("Session is not found!"); } public SessionNotFoundException(String message) { this.message = message; } }
NullOrEmptyException.java
public class NullOrEmptyException extends Exception { @Getter @Setter protected String message; public NullOrEmptyException() { setMessage("Parameter is null or empty!"); } public NullOrEmptyException(String message) { this.message = message; } }
IllegalPropertiesException.java
public class IllegalPropertiesException extends Exception { @Getter @Setter protected String message; public IllegalPropertiesException() { setMessage("Prop is illegal!"); } public IllegalPropertiesException(String message) { this.message = message; setMessage(String.format("Prop: %s is illegal!", message)); } }
从 spring 3.2
开始,新增了 @ControllerAdvice
注解,可以用于定义 @ExceptionHandler
,并应用到配置了 @RequestMapping
的控制器中。
@ControllerAdvice public class GlobalExceptionHandler { @ExceptionHandler(SessionNotFoundException.class) @ResponseBody public ErrorMessage<String> sessionNotFoundExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request, SessionNotFoundException exception) throws Exception { return handleErrorInfo(request, exception.getMessage(), exception); } @ExceptionHandler(NullOrEmptyException.class) @ResponseBody public ErrorMessage<String> nullOrEmptyExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request, NullOrEmptyException exception) throws Exception { return handleErrorInfo(request, exception.getMessage(), exception); } @ExceptionHandler(IllegalPropertiesException.class) @ResponseBody public ErrorMessage<String> illegalPropExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request, IllegalPropertiesException exception) throws Exception { return handleErrorInfo(request, exception.getMessage(), exception); } @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) @ResponseBody public ErrorMessage<String> exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Exception exception) throws Exception { return handleErrorInfo(request, exception.getMessage(), exception); } private ErrorMessage<String> handleErrorInfo(HttpServletRequest request, String message, Exception exception) { ErrorMessage<String> errorMessage = new ErrorMessage<>(); errorMessage.setMessage(message); errorMessage.setCode(ErrorMessage.ERROR); errorMessage.setData(message); errorMessage.setUrl(request.getRequestURL().toString()); return errorMessage; } }
上述代码指定了 3
个 特定 的异常处理器和 1
个 默认 的异常处理器。当请求处理出现异常时,会根据 异常处理器 的 配置顺序 依次尝试 异常匹配 和 处理 。
当异常不在 SessionNotFoundException、NullOrEmptyException、IllegalPropertiesException 中时, Spring
会委托 默认 的 exceptionHandler
进行处理。
根据请求数据的差异,控制器能覆盖以上 3
种异常处理路径。
@RestController public class UserController { @PostMapping("user") public ResponseEntity<?> save(HttpServletRequest request, HttpSession session) throws Exception { String sessionId = (String) session.getAttribute("sessionId"); if (StringUtils.isBlank(sessionId)) { throw new SessionNotFoundException(); } String userPlainText = request.getParameter("user"); if (StringUtils.isBlank(userPlainText) || StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase("{}", userPlainText)) { throw new NullOrEmptyException(); } ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); User user = objectMapper.readValue(userPlainText, User.class); if (StringUtils.isBlank(user.getUsername())) { throw new IllegalPropertiesException("username"); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(user.getAccountName())) { throw new IllegalPropertiesException("accountName"); } return ResponseEntity.ok("Successful"); } }
Spring Mock
的相关配置这里就不详细介绍了,以下测试类覆盖了 UserController
的所有执行路径。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootApplication @WebAppConfiguration @Slf4j(topic = "UserControllerTester") public class ApplicationTests { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext context; private MockMvc mockMvc; private MockHttpSession session; @Autowired private UserController userController; private ImmutableMap<Long, Pair<String, String>> map = new ImmutableMap.Builder<Long, Pair<String, String>>() .put(0x00001L, Pair.of("user", "")) .put(0x00002L, Pair.of("user", "{}")) .put(0x00003L, Pair.of("user", "{/"username/": /"/", /"accountName/": /"/"}")) .put(0x00004L, Pair.of("user", "{/"username/": /"Harrison/", /"accountName/": /"/"}")) .put(0x00005L, Pair.of("user", "{/"username/": /"Harrison/", /"accountName/": /"ostenant/"}")) .build(); @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { boolean singleRunner = false; if (singleRunner) { this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(userController).build(); } else { this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build(); } session = new MockHttpSession(); session.setAttribute("sessionId", StringUtils.replace(UUID.randomUUID().toString(), "-", "")); log.debug("sessionId: {}", session.getAttribute("sessionId")); } /** * 测试SessionNotFoundException * @throws Exception */ @Test public void testSessionNotFoundException() throws Exception { session.clearAttributes(); // 模拟发送请求 mockMvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user") .param(map.get(0x00005L).getKey(), map.get(0x00005L).getValue()) .session(session)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName(("save"))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } /** * 测试NullOrEmptyException * @throws Exception */ @Test public void testNullOrEmptyException() throws Exception { mockMvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user") .param(map.get(0x00001L).getKey(), map.get(0x00001L).getValue()) .session(session)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName(("save"))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); mockMvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user") .param(map.get(0x00002L).getKey(), map.get(0x00002L).getValue()) .session(session)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName(("save"))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } /** * 测试IllegalPropException * @throws Exception */ @Test public void testIllegalPropException() throws Exception { mockMvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user") .param(map.get(0x00003L).getKey(), map.get(0x00003L).getValue()) .session(session)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName(("save"))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); mockMvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user") .param(map.get(0x00004L).getKey(), map.get(0x00004L).getValue()) .session(session)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName(("save"))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } /** * 测试正常运行的情况 * @throws Exception */ @Test public void testNormal() throws Exception { mockMvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user") .param(map.get(0x00005L).getKey(), map.get(0x00005L).getValue()) .session(session)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(UserController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName(("save"))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } }
批量运行测试,测试结果如下,所有的测试用例全部通过。