JPA(Java Persistence API)Java持久化API,是 Java 持久化的标准规范,Hibernate是持久化规范的技术实现,而Spring Data JPA是在 Hibernate 基础上封装的一款框架。
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添加Spring Data JPA 和 MySQL Connector,配置pom.xml文件,代码如下:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.12</version> </dependency>
更多JPA版本: http://mvnrepository.com/arti...
更多Mysql版本: http://mvnrepository.com/arti...
## 数据源配置 spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://172.16.10.79:3306/mytestdb?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=123456 spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect spring.jpa.show-sql=true
hbm2ddl.auto有四个属性:
@Entity public class User implements Serializable { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; @Column(name = "name", nullable = false) private String name; @Column(nullable = false) private int age; @Column(nullable = false) private String pwd; public User(){} public User(String name, int age, String pwd) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.pwd = pwd; } //...忽略set、get方法 }
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long> { public User findByName(String name); }
继承JpaRepository之后就继承了:
这些方法,可以不写一行代码就可以实现对一个表的操作,当然你也可以扩展一些自己的方法,只需要在UserRepository里面添加方法即可。
@Controller @RequestMapping("/") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @RequestMapping("/") public ModelAndView index() { userRepository.save(new User("老王",18,"123456")); ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("/index"); modelAndView.addObject("dataSize", userRepository.findAll().size()); return modelAndView; } }
到现在为止,集成 Spring Data JPA 已经全部完成了,启动调试,查看运行效果吧。
本节高级使用将会涉及的知识点如下:
实现事务,只需要两步即可:
步骤一、在application.properties配置数据库引擎为InnoDB:
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
步骤二、在方法或类上标识事务@Transactional
示例代码:
@Transactional public void saveGroup(){ userRepository.save(user); userRepository.save(user2); }
如果出现错误,就会进行事务回滚。
在application.properties配置数据库引擎为InnoDB:
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
通过命令:
show table status from mytestdb;
修改表的引擎:
alter table table_name engine=innodb;
@Transactional注解来自org.springframework.transaction.annotation包,而不是javax.transaction.
JPA支持根据简单的关键字自动生成Sql查询的方法,比如根据name和age的组合查询,代码如下:
public User findByNameAndAge(String name,int age);
使用关键字“And”即可,或者查询时间区间的:
public User findByStartDateBetween(Long startDate);
使用关键字“Between”即可。
更多内部支持的关键字,如下表:
Keyword | Sample | JPQL snippet |
---|---|---|
And | findByLastnameAndFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2 |
Or | findByLastnameOrFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2 |
Is,Equals | findByFirstname,findByFirstnameIs | … where x.firstname = ?1 |
Between | findByStartDateBetween | … where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2 |
LessThan | findByAgeLessThan | … where x.age < ?1 |
LessThanEqual | findByAgeLessThanEqual | … where x.age <= ?1 |
GreaterThan | findByAgeGreaterThan | … where x.age > ?1 |
GreaterThanEqual | findByAgeGreaterThanEqual | … where x.age >= ?1 |
After | findByStartDateAfter | … where x.startDate > ?1 |
Before | findByStartDateBefore | … where x.startDate < ?1 |
IsNull | findByAgeIsNull | … where x.age is null |
IsNotNull,NotNull | findByAge(Is)NotNull | … where x.age not null |
Like | findByFirstnameLike | … where x.firstname like ?1 |
NotLike | findByFirstnameNotLike | … where x.firstname not like ?1 |
StartingWith | findByFirstnameStartingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1(parameter bound with appended %) |
EndingWith | findByFirstnameEndingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1(parameter bound with prepended %) |
Containing | findByFirstnameContaining | … where x.firstname like ?1(parameter bound wrapped in %) |
OrderBy | findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc | … where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc |
Not | findByLastnameNot | … where x.lastname <> ?1 |
In | findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages) | … where x.age in ?1 |
NotIn | findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> ages) | … where x.age not in ?1 |
True | findByActiveTrue() | … where x.active = true |
False | findByActiveFalse() | … where x.active = false |
IgnoreCase | findByFirstnameIgnoreCase | … where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1) |
官方文档: https://docs.spring.io/spring...
对于用户自己编写sql,Spring Boot JPA也有很好的支持,只需要添加@Query(sql)即可。
示例代码:
@Transactional @Modifying @Query("update User set name=?1 where id=?2") public int modifyName(String name,Long id);
注意:在执行修改和删除的时候必须添加@Modifying注解,ORM才知道要执行写操作,update/delete query 的时候,也必须需要加上@Transactional(事务)才能正常操作。
在 Spring Data JPA 的使用当中,可能会遇到如下的一些错误。
实体类Entity没有空参数的默认构造函数,新增即可解决。
启动项目报错,用户名和密码配置的key有误,MySQL8的用户名和密码配置和之前的不一样,MySQL 8 正确的用户名密码配置如下:
spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=123456 # 以下为配置老数据库驱动配置 #spring.datasource.data-username=root #spring.datasource.data-password=123456
3.Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot load driver class: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
MySQL 8 的spring.datasource.driver-class-name配置需要改为“com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”而不是“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”,正确配置如下:
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver