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使用Spring Boot REST API进行测试驱动开发

Maven插件rest-assured 是Java DSL测试REST服务，这个插件需要groovy-all来运行测试。

我们将添加maven-failsafe-plugin插件来执行集成测试：

<build>
	<plugins>
		<plugin>
			<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
			<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
			<executions>
				<execution>
					<id>integration-test</id>
					<goals>
						<goal>integration-test</goal>
					</goals>
				</execution>
				<execution>
					<id>verify</id>
					<phase>verify</phase>
					<goals>
						<goal>verify</goal>
					</goals>
				</execution>
			</executions>
		</plugin>
		<plugin>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			<executions>
				<execution>
					<id>pre-integration-test</id>
					<goals>
						<goal>start</goal>
					</goals>
				</execution>
				<execution>
					<id>post-integration-test</id>
					<goals>
						<goal>stop</goal>
					</goals>
				</execution>
			</executions>
		</plugin>
	</plugins>
</build>

测试类代码如下：


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
@ContextConfiguration(classes = Application.class) 
@TestPropertySource(value={"classpath:application.properties"})
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT)
public class SpringRestControllerTest {
    @Value("${server.port}") 
    int port;
       @Test
       public void getDataTest() {
              get("/api/tdd/responseData").then().assertThat().body("data", equalTo("responseData"));
       }
       @Before
       public void setBaseUri () {
               RestAssured.port = port;
               RestAssured.baseURI = "http://localhost"; // replace as appropriate
       }
}

@RunWith（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class）支持加载Spring应用程序上下文。

@ContextConfiguration 定义类级元数据，用于确定如何为集成测试加载和配置ApplicationContext。

@TestPropertySource 用于配置属性文件的位置。

@SpringBootTest 告诉Spring Boot去寻找一个主配置类（例如，一个带有@SpringBootApplication的类）并使用它来启动Spring应用程序上下文。

由于我们尚未定义REST端点，因此我们可以使用该mvn verify 命令运行上述测试以查看测试失败。

让我们通过引入REST控制器来修复我们的测试：


@RestController
public class SpringRestController {
                  @RequestMapping(path = "/api/tdd/{data}", method= RequestMethod.GET)
                  public Response getData(@PathVariable("data") String data) {
                                    return new Response(data);
                  }
                  //inner class
                  class Response {
                                    private String data;
                                    public Response(String data) {
                                                      this.data = data;
                                    }
                                    public String getData() {
                                                      return data;
                                    }
                  }
}