MockMVC类是 Spring MVC 测试框架的一部分,它通过启动一个Servlet容器帮助测试REST控制器。
在这个MockMVC教程中,我们将使用它和Spring boot的WebMvcTest类来执行 Junit 测试用例,该测试用例测试为 Spring boot 2 hateoas 编写的 REST 控制器方法。
Maven依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency>
一个JUnit测试类来测试Spring MVC控制器请求和响应,我们可以使用下面给出的配置。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.<b>class</b>)
@WebMvcTest(EmployeeRESTController.<b>class</b>)
<b>public</b> <b>class</b> TestEmployeeRESTController {
@Autowired
<b>private</b> MockMvc mvc;
}
HTTP GET
假设有一个Rest控制器:
@GetMapping(value = <font>"/employees"</font><font>)
<b>public</b> EmployeeListVO getAllEmployees()
{
</font><font><i>//code</i></font><font>
}
@GetMapping(value = </font><font>"/employees/{id}"</font><font>)
<b>public</b> ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO> getEmployeeById (@PathVariable(</font><font>"id"</font><font>) <b>int</b> id)
{
</font><font><i>//code</i></font><font>
}
</font>
下面给出了相应的方法测试:
@Autowired
<b>private</b> MockMvc mvc;
@Test
<b>public</b> <b>void</b> getAllEmployeesAPI() throws Exception
{
mvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders
.get(<font>"/employees"</font><font>)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andDo(print())
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(</font><font>"$.employees"</font><font>).exists())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(</font><font>"$.employees<li>.employeeId"</font><font>).isNotEmpty());
}
@Test
<b>public</b> <b>void</b> getEmployeeByIdAPI() throws Exception
{
mvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders
.get(</font><font>"/employees/{id}"</font><font>, 1)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andDo(print())
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(</font><font>"$.employeeId"</font><font>).value(1));
}
</font>
HTTP POST
案例:
@PostMapping(value = <font>"/employees"</font><font>)
<b>public</b> ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO> addEmployee (@Valid @RequestBody EmployeeVO employee)
{
</font><font><i>//code</i></font><font>
<b>return</b> <b>new</b> ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO>(employee, HttpStatus.CREATED);
}
</font>
对于post json请求的相应spring springmvc测试如下:
@Autowired
<b>private</b> MockMvc mvc;
@Test
<b>public</b> <b>void</b> createEmployeeAPI() throws Exception
{
mvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders
.post(<font>"/employees"</font><font>)
.content(asJsonString(<b>new</b> EmployeeVO(<b>null</b>, </font><font>"firstName4"</font><font>, </font><font>"lastName4"</font><font>, </font><font>"email4@mail.com"</font><font>)))
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isCreated())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(</font><font>"$.employeeId"</font><font>).exists());
}
<b>public</b> <b>static</b> String asJsonString(<b>final</b> Object obj) {
<b>try</b> {
<b>return</b> <b>new</b> ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(obj);
} <b>catch</b> (Exception e) {
<b>throw</b> <b>new</b> RuntimeException(e);
}
}
</font>
HTTP PUT
HTTP API在控制器中定义为:
@PutMapping(value = <font>"/employees/{id}"</font><font>)
<b>public</b> ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO> updateEmployee (@PathVariable(</font><font>"id"</font><font>) <b>int</b> id, @Valid @RequestBody EmployeeVO employee)
{
</font><font><i>//code</i></font><font>
<b>return</b> <b>new</b> ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO>(emp, HttpStatus.OK);
}
</font>
相应的方法测试是
@Test
<b>public</b> <b>void</b> updateEmployeeAPI() throws Exception
{
mvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders
.put(<font>"/employees/{id}"</font><font>, 2)
.content(asJsonString(<b>new</b> EmployeeVO(2, </font><font>"firstName2"</font><font>, </font><font>"lastName2"</font><font>, </font><font>"email2@mail.com"</font><font>)))
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(</font><font>"$.firstName"</font><font>).value(</font><font>"firstName2"</font><font>))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(</font><font>"$.lastName"</font><font>).value(</font><font>"lastName2"</font><font>))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(</font><font>"$.email"</font><font>).value(</font><font>"email2@mail.com"</font><font>));
}
</font>
HTTP DELETE:
@DeleteMapping(value = <font>"/employees/{id}"</font><font>)
<b>public</b> ResponseEntity<HttpStatus> removeEmployee (@PathVariable(</font><font>"id"</font><font>) <b>int</b> id)
{
</font><font><i>//code</i></font><font>
<b>return</b> <b>new</b> ResponseEntity<HttpStatus>(HttpStatus.ACCEPTED);
}
</font>
相应的方法测试是:
@Test
<b>public</b> <b>void</b> deleteEmployeeAPI() throws Exception
{
mvc.perform( MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(<font>"/employees/{id}"</font><font>, 1) )
.andExpect(status().isAccepted());
}
</font>