Java 线程同步原理探析

public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;
public final native void notify();

// java.base/share/native/libjava/Object.c
static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
    {"hashCode",    "()I",                    (void *)&JVM_IHashCode},
    {"wait",        "(J)V",                   (void *)&JVM_MonitorWait},
    {"notify",      "()V",                    (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotify},
    {"notifyAll",   "()V",                    (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotifyAll},
    {"clone",       "()Ljava/lang/Object;",   (void *)&JVM_Clone},
};

// LockSupport.java
    public static void unpark(Thread thread) {
        if (thread != null)
            UNSAFE.unpark(thread);
    }
    public static void park(Object blocker) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        setBlocker(t, blocker);
        UNSAFE.park(false, 0L);
        setBlocker(t, null);
    }
// Unsafe.java
    /**
     * Unblocks the given thread blocked on {@code park}, or, if it is
     * not blocked, causes the subsequent call to {@code park} not to
     * block.  Note: this operation is "unsafe" solely because the
     * caller must somehow ensure that the thread has not been
     * destroyed. Nothing special is usually required to ensure this
     * when called from Java (in which there will ordinarily be a live
     * reference to the thread) but this is not nearly-automatically
     * so when calling from native code.
     *
     * @param thread the thread to unpark.
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public native void unpark(Object thread);

    /**
     * Blocks current thread, returning when a balancing
     * {@code unpark} occurs, or a balancing {@code unpark} has
     * already occurred, or the thread is interrupted, or, if not
     * absolute and time is not zero, the given time nanoseconds have
     * elapsed, or if absolute, the given deadline in milliseconds
     * since Epoch has passed, or spuriously (i.e., returning for no
     * "reason"). Note: This operation is in the Unsafe class only
     * because {@code unpark} is, so it would be strange to place it
     * elsewhere.
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);

// hotspot/share/prims/unsafe.cpp
UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Park(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time)) {
  HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_BEGIN((uintptr_t) thread->parker(), (int) isAbsolute, time);
  EventThreadPark event;

  JavaThreadParkedState jtps(thread, time != 0);
  thread->parker()->park(isAbsolute != 0, time);
  if (event.should_commit()) {
    post_thread_park_event(&event, thread->current_park_blocker(), time);
  }
  HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_END((uintptr_t) thread->parker());
} UNSAFE_END

// hotspot/share/runtime/park.hpp
class Parker : public os::PlatformParker
...
public:
  // For simplicity of interface with Java, all forms of park (indefinite,
  // relative, and absolute) are multiplexed into one call.
  void park(bool isAbsolute, jlong time);
  void unpark();

// hotspot/os/posix/os_posix.hpp
class PlatformParker : public CHeapObj<mtInternal> {
 protected:
  enum {
    REL_INDEX = 0,
    ABS_INDEX = 1
  };
  int _cur_index;  // which cond is in use: -1, 0, 1
  pthread_mutex_t _mutex[1];
  pthread_cond_t  _cond[2]; // one for relative times and one for absolute
  ...
};

struct semaphore {
     int val;
     thread_list waiting;  // List of threads waiting for semaphore
}
wait(semaphore Sem):    // Wait until > 0 then decrement
  // 这里用的是 while 而不是 if
  // 这是因为在 wait 过程中，其他线程还可能继续调用 wait
  while (Sem.val <= 0) {
    add this thread to Sem.waiting;
    block(this thread);
  }
  Sem.val = Sem.val - 1;
return;

signal(semaphore Sem):// Increment value and wake up next thread
     Sem.val = Sem.val + 1;
     if (Sem.waiting is nonempty) {
         remove a thread T from Sem.waiting;
         wakeup(T);
     }

emptySem = N
fullSem = 0
// Producer
while(whatever) {
    locally generate item
    wait(emptySem)
    fill empty buffer with item
    signal(fullSem)
}
// Consumer
while(whatever) {
    wait(fullSem)
    get item from full buffer
    signal(emptySem)
    use item
}

// Intialize: 
sem_init(&theSem, 0, initialVal);
// Wait: 
sem_wait(&theSem);
// Signal: 
sem_post(&theSem);
// Get the current value of the semaphore:       
sem_getvalue(&theSem, &result);

monitor1 . . . monitorM
process1 . . . processN

// initialize
pthread_cond_init() 
pthread_cond_wait(&theCV, &someLock);
pthread_cond_signal(&theCV);
pthread_cond_broadcast(&theCV);

pthread_mutex_t myLock;
pthread_cond_t myCV;
int count = 0;

// Thread A
pthread_mutex_lock(&myLock);
while(count < 0) {
    pthread_cond_wait(&myCV, &myLock);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&myLock);

// Thread B

pthread_mutex_lock(&myLock);
count ++;
while(count == 10) {
    pthread_cond_signal(&myCV);
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&myLock);

/**
 * The number of nanoseconds for which it is faster to spin
 * rather than to use timed park. A rough estimate suffices
 * to improve responsiveness with very short timeouts.
 */
static final long spinForTimeoutThreshold = 1000L;

// AQS 的 doAcquireNanos 方法节选
for (;;) {
    final Node p = node.predecessor();
    if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
        setHead(node);
        p.next = null; // help GC
        failed = false;
        return true;
    }
    nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
    if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
        return false;
    if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
        nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
        LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
    if (Thread.interrupted())
        throw new InterruptedException();
}

public void interrupt() {
    if (this != Thread.currentThread())
        checkAccess();

    synchronized (blockerLock) {
        Interruptible b = blocker;
        if (b != null) {
            interrupt0();           // Just to set the interrupt flag
            b.interrupt(this);
            return;
        }
    }
    interrupt0();
}

protected final void begin() {
    if (interruptor == null) {
        interruptor = new Interruptible() {
                public void interrupt(Thread target) {
                    synchronized (closeLock) {
                        if (closed)
                            return;
                        closed = true;
                        interrupted = target;
                        try {
                            AbstractInterruptibleChannel.this.implCloseChannel();
                        } catch (IOException x) { }
                    }
                }};
    }
    blockedOn(interruptor);
    Thread me = Thread.currentThread();
    if (me.isInterrupted())
        interruptor.interrupt(me);
}