本篇依然是MongoDB curd中的一篇,主要介绍document的更新,主要内容如下
首先是准备好基本环境,可以参考博文
在开始之前,先封装一个输出方法,用于打印修改后的record对象
private void queryAndPrint(Query query, String tag) { System.out.println("------------- after " + tag + " age -------------"); Map record = mongoTemplate.findOne(query, Map.class, COLLECTION_NAME); System.out.println("query records: " + record); System.out.println("------------- end " + tag + " age --------------/n"); }
mongodb支持我们常见的各种基本类型,而MongoTemplate也封装了不少对应的修改方法,最基础的修改,主要是借助 Update
来实现
常见的使用姿势如:
public void basicUpdate() { /* * { * "_id" : ObjectId("5c49b07ce6652f7e1add1ea2"), * "age" : 100, * "name" : "一灰灰blog", * "desc" : "Java Developer", * "add" : [ * "额外增加" * ], * "date" : ISODate("2019-01-28T08:00:08.373Z"), * "doc" : { * "key" : "小目标", * "value" : "升职加薪,迎娶白富美" * } * } */ // 1. 直接修改值的内容 Query query = new Query(Criteria.where("_id").is("5c49b07ce6652f7e1add1ea2")); Update update = new Update().set("desc", "Java & Python Developer"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "set"); }
输出结果为:
------------- after set age ------------- query records: {_id=5c49b07ce6652f7e1add1ea2, age=100, name=一灰灰blog, desc=Java & Python Developer, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}} ------------- end set age --------------
数字类型修改,使用 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#inc
// 数字修改,实现添加or减少 Update numUp = new Update().inc("age", 20L); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, numUp, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "inc");
输出结果为:
------------- after inc age ------------- query records: {_id=5c49b07ce6652f7e1add1ea2, age=120, name=一灰灰blog, desc=Java & Python Developer, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}} ------------- end inc age --------------
数字简单比较之后修改,如 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#max
// 数字比较修改 Update cmpUp = new Update().max("age", 88); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, cmpUp, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "cmp");
输出结果
------------- after cmp age ------------- query records: {_id=5c49b07ce6652f7e1add1ea2, age=120, name=一灰灰blog, desc=Java & Python Developer, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}} ------------- end cmp age --------------
乘法运算, 主要使用 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#multiply
// 乘法 Update mulUp = new Update().multiply("age", 3); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, mulUp, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "multiply");
输出结果
------------- after multiply age ------------- query records: {_id=5c49b07ce6652f7e1add1ea2, age=360.0, name=一灰灰blog, desc=Java & Python Developer, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}} ------------- end multiply age --------------
日期修改, 如 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#currentDate
// 日期修改 Update dateUp = new Update().currentDate("date"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, dateUp, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "date");
输出结果
------------- after date age ------------- query records: {_id=5c49b07ce6652f7e1add1ea2, age=360.0, name=一灰灰blog, desc=Java & Python Developer, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Feb 18 19:34:56 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}} ------------- end date age --------------
不同于mysql的列表是固定的,mongodb的field可以增加、删除和重命名,下面分别看下三种case如何使用
/** * 修改字段名,新增字段,删除字段 */ public void fieldUpdate() { /** * { * "_id" : ObjectId("5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62"), * "age" : 28.0, * "name" : "一灰灰blog", * "desc" : "Java Developer", * "add" : [ * "额外增加" * ], * "date" : ISODate("2019-01-28T08:00:08.373Z"), * "doc" : { * "key" : "小目标", * "value" : "升职加薪,迎娶白富美" * } * } */ Query query = new Query(Criteria.where("_id").is("5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62")); renameFiled(query); addField(query); delField(query); }
利用 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#rename
来实现重命名,需要注意的是,当修改的docuemnt没有这个成员时,相当于没有任务操作
private void renameFiled(Query query) { Update update = new Update().rename("desc", "skill"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "rename"); // 如果字段不存在,相当于没有更新 update = new Update().rename("desc", "s-skill"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "rename Not exists!"); }
输出结果如下,后面一个语句相当于没有执行
------------- after rename age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end rename age -------------- ------------- after rename Not exists! age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end rename Not exists! age --------------
新增也是直接利用的 Update#set
方法,当存在时,修改;不存在时,添加
setOnInsert
, 如果要更新的文档存在那么$setOnInsert操作符不做任何处理; private void addField(Query query) { // 新增一个字段 // 直接使用set即可 Update update = new Update().set("new-skill", "Python"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "addField"); // 当更新一个不存在的文档时,可以使用setOnInsert // 如果要更新的文档存在那么$setOnInsert操作符不做任何处理; }
输出结果如下:
------------- after addField age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer, new-skill=Python} ------------- end addField age --------------
删除document中的某个成员,借助 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#unset
, 正好与添加对上
private void delField(Query query) { // 删除字段,如果不存在,则不操作 Update update = new Update().unset("new-skill"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "delField"); }
输出结果如下
------------- after delField age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end delField age --------------
在MongoDB的document中,有两个有意思的类型,一个是数组,一个是document(即可以嵌套),这里则主要介绍下如何操作数组中的成员
/** * 更新文档中字段为数组成员的值 */ public void updateInnerArray() { /** * { * "_id" : ObjectId("5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62"), * "age" : 28.0, * "name" : "一灰灰blog", * "skill" : "Java Developer", * "add" : [ * "额外增加" * ], * "date" : ISODate("2019-01-28T08:00:08.373Z"), * "doc" : { * "key" : "小目标", * "value" : "升职加薪,迎娶白富美" * } * } */ Query query = new Query(Criteria.where("_id").is("5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62")); this.addData2Array(query); this.batchAddData2Array(query); this.delArrayData(query); this.updateArrayData(query); }
在数组中新增一个数据,提供了两种方式,一个是 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#addToSet(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
,一个是 org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update#push(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
;两个的区别在于前者不能插入重复数据,后者可以
private void addData2Array(Query query) { // 新加一个元素到数组,如果已经存在,则不会加入 String insert = "新添加>>" + System.currentTimeMillis(); Update update = new Update().addToSet("add", insert); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "add2List"); // push 新增元素,允许出现重复的数据 update = new Update().push("add", 10); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "push2List"); }
输出结果
------------- after add2List age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加, 新添加>>1550489696892], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end add2List age -------------- ------------- after push2List age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加, 新添加>>1550489696892, 10], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end push2List age --------------
一次添加多个,借助 addToSet
的 each
来实现
private void batchAddData2Array(Query query) { // 批量插入数据到数组中, 注意不会将重复的数据丢入mongo数组中 Update update = new Update().addToSet("add").each("2", "2", "3"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "batchAdd2List"); }
输出结果:
------------- after batchAdd2List age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加, 新添加>>1550489696892, 10, 2, 3], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end batchAdd2List age --------------
借助pull来精确删除某个值
private void delArrayData(Query query) { // 删除数组中元素 Update update = new Update().pull("add", "2"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "delArrayData"); }
输出如下,注意对比, 2
没有了
------------- after delArrayData age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加, 新添加>>1550489696892, 10, 3], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end delArrayData age --------------
修改,首先的问题是要定位,确定删除数组中某个下标的元素,这里借助了一个有意思的站位
arrayKey.index
arrayKey index
一个实例如下
private void updateArrayData(Query query) { // 使用set,field.index 来更新数组中的值 // 更新数组中的元素,如果元素存在,则直接更新;如果数组个数小于待更新的索引位置,则前面补null Update update = new Update().set("add.1", "updateField"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "updateListData"); update = new Update().set("add.10", "nullBefore"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "updateListData"); }
输出结果,注意后面的,如果数组个数小于待更新的索引位置,则前面补null
------------- after updateListData age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加, updateField, 10, 3], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end updateListData age -------------- ------------- after updateListData age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a7ada10ffc647d301dd62, age=28.0, name=一灰灰blog, add=[额外增加, updateField, 10, 3, null, null, null, null, null, null, nullBefore], date=Mon Jan 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end updateListData age --------------
内嵌文档,可以所是MongoDB的一个特色了,我们则来看下如何进行操作
/** * 更新文档中字段为document类型的值 */ public void updateInnerDoc() { /** * { * "_id" : ObjectId("5c6a956b10ffc647d301dd63"), * "age" : 18.0, * "name" : "一灰灰blog", * "date" : ISODate("2019-02-28T08:00:08.373Z"), * "doc" : { * "key" : "小目标", * "value" : "升职加薪,迎娶白富美" * }, * "skill" : "Java Developer" * } */ Query query = new Query(Criteria.where("_id").is("5c6a956b10ffc647d301dd63")); this.addFieldToDoc(query); this.updateFieldOfDoc(query); this.delFieldOfDoc(query); }
借助前面的站位思想,就很好实现了,定位元素的方式采用
private void addFieldToDoc(Query query) { // 内嵌doc新增field Update update = new Update().set("doc.title", "好好学习,天天向上!"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "addFieldToDoc"); }
输出如下
------------- after addFieldToDoc age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a956b10ffc647d301dd63, age=18.0, name=一灰灰blog, date=Thu Feb 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美, title=好好学习,天天向上!}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end addFieldToDoc age --------------
private void updateFieldOfDoc(Query query) { // 内嵌doc修改field Update update = new Update().set("doc.title", "新的标题:一灰灰Blog!"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "updateFieldOfDoc"); }
输出如下
------------- after updateFieldOfDoc age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a956b10ffc647d301dd63, age=18.0, name=一灰灰blog, date=Thu Feb 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美, title=新的标题:一灰灰Blog!}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end updateFieldOfDoc age --------------
private void delFieldOfDoc(Query query) { // 删除内嵌doc中的field Update update = new Update().unset("doc.title"); mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, COLLECTION_NAME); queryAndPrint(query, "delFieldOfDoc"); }
输出如下
------------- after delFieldOfDoc age ------------- query records: {_id=5c6a956b10ffc647d301dd63, age=18.0, name=一灰灰blog, date=Thu Feb 28 16:00:08 CST 2019, doc={key=小目标, value=升职加薪,迎娶白富美}, skill=Java Developer} ------------- end delFieldOfDoc age --------------
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