Spring Security,这是一种基于 Spring AOP 和 Servlet 过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案,同时在 Web 请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。
从网上找了一张Spring Security 的工作流程图,如下。
图中标记的MyXXX,就是我们项目中需要配置的。
表结构
建表语句
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`; CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ); CREATE TABLE `role` ( `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ); CREATE TABLE `user_role` ( `user_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL, `role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL ); CREATE TABLE `role_permission` ( `role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL, `permission_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL ); CREATE TABLE `permission` ( `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `description` varchar(255) NULL, `pid` bigint(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ); INSERT INTO user (id, username, password) VALUES (1,'user','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); INSERT INTO user (id, username , password) VALUES (2,'admin','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (1,'USER'); INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (2,'ADMIN'); INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (1,'/user/common','common',0); INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (2,'/user/admin','admin',0); INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 1); INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 1); INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 2); INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (1, 1); INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 1); INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 2); 复制代码
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-security4</artifactId> </dependency> 复制代码
spring: thymeleaf: mode: HTML5 encoding: UTF-8 cache: false datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-security?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false username: root password: root 复制代码
public class User implements UserDetails , Serializable { private Long id; private String username; private String password; private List<Role> authorities; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } @Override public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } @Override public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public List<Role> getAuthorities() { return authorities; } public void setAuthorities(List<Role> authorities) { this.authorities = authorities; } /** * 用户账号是否过期 */ @Override public boolean isAccountNonExpired() { return true; } /** * 用户账号是否被锁定 */ @Override public boolean isAccountNonLocked() { return true; } /** * 用户密码是否过期 */ @Override public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() { return true; } /** * 用户是否可用 */ @Override public boolean isEnabled() { return true; } } 复制代码
上面的 User 类实现了 UserDetails 接口,该接口是实现Spring Security 认证信息的核心接口。其中 getUsername 方法为 UserDetails 接口 的方法,这个方法返回 username,也可以是其他的用户信息,例如手机号、邮箱等。getAuthorities() 方法返回的是该用户设置的权限信息,在本实例中,模拟从数据库取出用户的所有角色信息,权限信息也可以是用户的其他信息,不一定是角色信息。另外需要读取密码,最后几个方法一般情况下都返回 true,也可以根据自己的需求进行业务判断。
public class Role implements GrantedAuthority { private Long id; private String name; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String getAuthority() { return name; } } 复制代码
Role 类实现了 GrantedAuthority 接口,并重写 getAuthority() 方法。权限点可以为任何字符串,不一定是非要用角色名。
所有的Authentication实现类都保存了一个GrantedAuthority列表,其表示用户所具有的权限。GrantedAuthority是通过AuthenticationManager设置到Authentication对象中的,然后AccessDecisionManager将从Authentication中获取用户所具有的GrantedAuthority来鉴定用户是否具有访问对应资源的权限。
@Service public class MyUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Autowired private RoleMapper roleMapper; @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String userName) throws UsernameNotFoundException { //查数据库 User user = userMapper.loadUserByUsername( userName ); if (null != user) { List<Role> roles = roleMapper.getRolesByUserId( user.getId() ); user.setAuthorities( roles ); } return user; } } 复制代码
Service 层需要实现 UserDetailsService 接口,该接口是根据用户名获取该用户的所有信息, 包括用户信息和权限点。
@Component public class MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService implements FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource { @Autowired private PermissionMapper permissionMapper; /** * 每一个资源所需要的角色 Collection<ConfigAttribute>决策器会用到 */ private static HashMap<String, Collection<ConfigAttribute>> map =null; /** * 返回请求的资源需要的角色 */ @Override public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object o) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (null == map) { loadResourceDefine(); } //object 中包含用户请求的request 信息 HttpServletRequest request = ((FilterInvocation) o).getHttpRequest(); for (Iterator<String> it = map.keySet().iterator() ; it.hasNext();) { String url = it.next(); if (new AntPathRequestMatcher( url ).matches( request )) { return map.get( url ); } } return null; } @Override public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAllConfigAttributes() { return null; } @Override public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) { return true; } /** * 初始化 所有资源 对应的角色 */ public void loadResourceDefine() { map = new HashMap<>(16); //权限资源 和 角色对应的表 也就是 角色权限 中间表 List<RolePermisson> rolePermissons = permissionMapper.getRolePermissions(); //某个资源 可以被哪些角色访问 for (RolePermisson rolePermisson : rolePermissons) { String url = rolePermisson.getUrl(); String roleName = rolePermisson.getRoleName(); ConfigAttribute role = new SecurityConfig(roleName); if(map.containsKey(url)){ map.get(url).add(role); }else{ List<ConfigAttribute> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add( role ); map.put( url , list ); } } } } 复制代码
MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService 类实现了 FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource,FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource 的作用是用来储存请求与权限的对应关系。
FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource接口有3个方法:
/** * 决策器 */ @Component public class MyAccessDecisionManager implements AccessDecisionManager { private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAccessDecisionManager.class); /** * 通过传递的参数来决定用户是否有访问对应受保护对象的权限 * * @param authentication 包含了当前的用户信息,包括拥有的权限。这里的权限来源就是前面登录时UserDetailsService中设置的authorities。 * @param object 就是FilterInvocation对象,可以得到request等web资源 * @param configAttributes configAttributes是本次访问需要的权限 */ @Override public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException, InsufficientAuthenticationException { if (null == configAttributes || 0 >= configAttributes.size()) { return; } else { String needRole; for(Iterator<ConfigAttribute> iter = configAttributes.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { needRole = iter.next().getAttribute(); for(GrantedAuthority ga : authentication.getAuthorities()) { if(needRole.trim().equals(ga.getAuthority().trim())) { return; } } } throw new AccessDeniedException("当前访问没有权限"); } } /** * 表示此AccessDecisionManager是否能够处理传递的ConfigAttribute呈现的授权请求 */ @Override public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute configAttribute) { return true; } /** * 表示当前AccessDecisionManager实现是否能够为指定的安全对象(方法调用或Web请求)提供访问控制决策 */ @Override public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) { return true; } } 复制代码
MyAccessDecisionManager 类实现了AccessDecisionManager接口,AccessDecisionManager是由AbstractSecurityInterceptor调用的,它负责鉴定用户是否有访问对应资源(方法或URL)的权限。
@Component public class MyFilterSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractSecurityInterceptor implements Filter { @Autowired private FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource securityMetadataSource; @Autowired public void setMyAccessDecisionManager(MyAccessDecisionManager myAccessDecisionManager) { super.setAccessDecisionManager(myAccessDecisionManager); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(servletRequest, servletResponse, filterChain); invoke(fi); } public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException, ServletException { InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi); try { //执行下一个拦截器 fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse()); } finally { super.afterInvocation(token, null); } } @Override public Class<?> getSecureObjectClass() { return FilterInvocation.class; } @Override public SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource() { return this.securityMetadataSource; } } 复制代码
每种受支持的安全对象类型(方法调用或Web请求)都有自己的拦截器类,它是AbstractSecurityInterceptor的子类,AbstractSecurityInterceptor 是一个实现了对受保护对象的访问进行拦截的抽象类。
AbstractSecurityInterceptor的机制可以分为几个步骤:
AbstractSecurityInterceptor中的方法说明:
了解了AbstractSecurityInterceptor,就应该明白了,我们自定义MyFilterSecurityInterceptor就是想使用我们之前自定义的 AccessDecisionManager 和 securityMetadataSource。
@EnableWebSecurity注解以及WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter一起配合提供基于web的security。自定义类 继承了WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter来重写了一些方法来指定一些特定的Web安全设置。
@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private MyUserDetailsService userService; @Autowired public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { //校验用户 auth.userDetailsService( userService ).passwordEncoder( new PasswordEncoder() { //对密码进行加密 @Override public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) { System.out.println(charSequence.toString()); return DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes()); } //对密码进行判断匹配 @Override public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) { String encode = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes()); boolean res = s.equals( encode ); return res; } } ); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/","index","/login","/login-error","/401","/css/**","/js/**").permitAll() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .formLogin().loginPage( "/login" ).failureUrl( "/login-error" ) .and() .exceptionHandling().accessDeniedPage( "/401" ); http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl( "/" ); } } 复制代码
@Controller public class MainController { @RequestMapping("/") public String root() { return "redirect:/index"; } @RequestMapping("/index") public String index() { return "index"; } @RequestMapping("/login") public String login() { return "login"; } @RequestMapping("/login-error") public String loginError(Model model) { model.addAttribute( "loginError" , true); return "login"; } @GetMapping("/401") public String accessDenied() { return "401"; } @GetMapping("/user/common") public String common() { return "user/common"; } @GetMapping("/user/admin") public String admin() { return "user/admin"; } } 复制代码
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>登录</title> </head> <body> <h1>Login page</h1> <p th:if="${loginError}" class="error">用户名或密码错误</p> <form th:action="@{/login}" method="post"> <label for="username">用户名</label>: <input type="text" id="username" name="username" autofocus="autofocus" /> <br/> <label for="password">密 码</label>: <input type="password" id="password" name="password" /> <br/> <input type="submit" value="登录" /> </form> <p><a href="/index" th:href="@{/index}"></a></p> </body> </html> 复制代码
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>首页</title> </head> <body> <h2>page list</h2> <a href="/user/common">common page</a> <br/> <a href="/user/admin">admin page</a> <br/> <form th:action="@{/logout}" method="post"> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="注销"/> </form> </body> </html> 复制代码
admin.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>admin page</title> </head> <body> success admin page!!! </body> </html> 复制代码
common.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>common page</title> </head> <body> success common page!!! </body> </html> 复制代码
401.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>401 page</title> </head> <body> <div> <div> <h2>权限不够</h2> <p>拒绝访问!</p> </div> </div> </body> </html> 复制代码
最后运行项目,可以分别用 user、admin 账号 去测试认证和授权是否正确。