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GraphQL入门,在Spring-Boot项目中使用GraphQL风格的接口

一直对graphql挺好奇的,都说这货是前端使用 json 来查询数据,后端只要把graphql风格的接口开发好了,schema定义的没问题,后面前端想怎么改数据结构就怎么改,完全不用后端操心了,今天折腾了一下,算是入门了,分享给大家

几个问题

graphql是什么框架?

它不是框架,而是一种风格,类似于 restful 风格的接口一样,所以它有各种语言版本的实现,本篇文章用的就是java语言实现的

graphql接口的数据哪来的?

数据还是通过数据库查询的,无论你用的是hibernate还是mybatis,跟graphql都没有关系,该怎么查数据还怎么查就行

为什么在调用graphql接口的时候,定义的schema里有其它对象,那其它对象里数据是怎么来的?

比如Book对象里有Author对象,显示书的作者信息,那么前端在调用时定义了Book对象里也要显示Author的信息,这个数据的嵌套加载是在后端通过代码实现的

首先查询出Book对象,然后根据Book对象里的authorId再查询一次Author数据,然后封装到Book对象里,这样前端拿到的json对象里就有两个对象的数据了

说白了,数据还是要通过orm框架查询的,只是将不同数据封装到一个对象里的这步被graphql-java这个框架做了

创建项目

使用idea创建一个springboot项目,依赖选择一个 web 就可以了

pom.xml

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

另外引入两个graphql相关的依赖

原链文接: https://tomoya92.github.io/2019/04/02/spring-boot-graphql/

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.graphql-java</groupId>
  <artifactId>graphql-java</artifactId>
  <version>11.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.graphql-java</groupId>
  <artifactId>graphql-java-spring-boot-starter-webmvc</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
</dependency>

最后再依赖一个guava,这个工具可以很方便的创建集合

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
  <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
  <version>27.0-jre</version>
</dependency>

定义schema

在项目的 resources 目录下创建文件 schema.graphqls ,然后写上下面配置

# 定义查询方法
type Query {
  bookById(id: ID): Book
}

# 定义Book对象的结构
type Book {
  id: ID
  name: String
  pageCount: Int
  author: Author
  category: Category
}

# 定义Category对象的结构
type Category {
  id: ID
  name: String
}

# 定义Author对象的结构
type Author {
  id: ID
  firstName: String
  lastName: String
}

Book里有Author对象和Category两个关联对象

链原文接: https://tomoya92.github.io/2019/04/02/spring-boot-graphql/

初始化schema

创建类 GraphQLProvider.java

@Component
public class GraphQLProvider {

  private GraphQL graphQL;
  @Autowired
  GraphQLDataFetchers graphQLDataFetchers;

  @Bean
  public GraphQL graphQL() {
    return graphQL;
  }

  @PostConstruct
  public void init() throws IOException {
    URL url = Resources.getResource("schema.graphqls");
    String sdl = Resources.toString(url, Charsets.UTF_8);
    // 构建schema
    GraphQLSchema graphQLSchema = buildSchema(sdl);
    this.graphQL = GraphQL.newGraphQL(graphQLSchema).build();
  }

  // 构建schema
  private GraphQLSchema buildSchema(String sdl) {
  }
}

在构建schema之间,先把数据获取方法都写好,到时候一块组装就可以了

数据查询

创建 GraphQLDataFetchers.java

@Component
public class GraphQLDataFetchers {

  // 初始化一些数据,这些数据可以从数据库里查询出来
  // 创建books集合
  private static List<Map<String, String>> books = Arrays.asList(
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "book-1",
          "name", "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone",
          "pageCount", "223",
          "authorId", "author-1",
          "categoryId", "category-2"),
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "book-2",
          "name", "Moby Dick",
          "pageCount", "635",
          "authorId", "author-2",
          "categoryId", "category-1"),
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "book-3",
          "name", "Interview with the vampire",
          "pageCount", "371",
          "authorId", "author-3")
  );

  // 创建authors集合
  private static List<Map<String, String>> authors = Arrays.asList(
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "author-1",
          "firstName", "Joanne",
          "lastName", "Rowling"),
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "author-2",
          "firstName", "Herman",
          "lastName", "Melville"),
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "author-3",
          "firstName", "Anne",
          "lastName", "Rice")
  );

  // 创建categories集合
  private static List<Map<String, String>> categories = Arrays.asList(
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "category-1",
          "name", "Programmer"),
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "category-2",
          "name", "Science"),
      ImmutableMap.of("id", "category-3",
          "name", "History")
      );

  // 根据bookId获取book对象数据
  public DataFetcher getBookByIdDataFetcher() {
    return dataFetchingEnvironment -> {
      String bookId = dataFetchingEnvironment.getArgument("id");
      return books
          .stream()
          .filter(book -> book.get("id").equals(bookId))
          .findFirst()
          .orElse(null);
    };
  }

  // 从book对象里拿到authorId,然后再获取Author对象数据
  public DataFetcher getAuthorDataFetcher() {
    return dataFetchingEnvironment -> {
      Map<String, String> book = dataFetchingEnvironment.getSource();
      String authorId = book.get("authorId");
      return authors
          .stream()
          .filter(author -> author.get("id").equals(authorId))
          .findFirst()
          .orElse(null);
    };
  }

  // 从book对象里拿到categoryId,然后再获取Category对象数据
  public DataFetcher getCategoryDataFetcher() {
    return dataFetchingEnvironment -> {
      Map<String, String> book = dataFetchingEnvironment.getSource();
      String categoryId = book.get("categoryId");
      return categories
          .stream()
          .filter(category -> category.get("id").equals(categoryId))
          .findFirst()
          .orElse(null);
    };
  }
}

构建schema

原链文接: https://tomoya92.github.io/2019/04/02/spring-boot-graphql/

上面初始化了schema,这一步来构建schema,通过在 schema.graphqls 里定义的 Query 里的方法来构建,代码如下

GraphQLProvider

// 通过从配置文件里加载的schema来构建GraphQLSchema
private GraphQLSchema buildSchema(String sdl) {
  TypeDefinitionRegistry typeRegistry = new SchemaParser().parse(sdl);
  RuntimeWiring runtimeWiring = buildWiring();
  SchemaGenerator schemaGenerator = new SchemaGenerator();
  return schemaGenerator.makeExecutableSchema(typeRegistry, runtimeWiring);
}

private RuntimeWiring buildWiring() {
  return RuntimeWiring.newRuntimeWiring()
      // 指定Query对象里定义的方法如何实现
      .type(newTypeWiring("Query")
          .dataFetcher("bookById", graphQLDataFetchers.getBookByIdDataFetcher()))
      // 指定Book对象里定义的对象如何查询
      .type(newTypeWiring("Book")
          .dataFetcher("author", graphQLDataFetchers.getAuthorDataFetcher())
          .dataFetcher("category", graphQLDataFetchers.getCategoryDataFetcher()))
      .build();
}

测试

推荐安装一个工具 graphql-playground 开源地址: https://github.com/prisma/graphql-playground , 安装好后,打开,输入地址: http://localhost:8080 ,就可以进行测试了

GraphQL入门,在Spring-Boot项目中使用GraphQL风格的接口

参考

  • https://www.graphql-java.com/documentation/v12/getting-started/

总结

这只是一篇graphql的入门文章,现在还有几个疑问:

  • 这货怎么发送post请求(提交数据)?
  • 鉴权怎么实现呢?比如验证用户是否登录?
  • 删除数据,分页等都怎么实现呢?

继续折腾~

写博客不易,转载请保留原文链接,谢谢!

原文链接:

原文  https://tomoya92.github.io/2019/04/02/spring-boot-graphql/
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