db操作可以说是java后端的必备技能了,实际项目中,直接使用JdbcTemplate的机会并不多,大多是mybatis,hibernate,jpa或者是jooq,然后前几天写一个项目,因为db操作非常简单,就直接使用JdbcTemplate,然而悲催的发现,对他的操作并没有预期中的那么顺畅,所以有必要好好的学一下JdbcTemplate的CURD;本文为第一篇,插入数据
使用SpringBoot进行db操作引入几个依赖,就可以愉快的玩耍了,这里的db使用mysql,对应的pom依赖如
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
接着就是db的配置信息,下面是连接我本机的数据库配置
## DataSource spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/story?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false spring.datasource.driver-class-name= com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=
创建一个测试db
CREATE TABLE `money` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户名', `money` int(26) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '钱', `is_deleted` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `create_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间', `update_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
直接引入jdbcTemplate,注入即可,不需要其他的操作
@Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
直接写完整的插入sql,这种方式比较简单粗暴
private boolean insertBySql() { // 简单的sql执行 String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES ('一灰灰blog', 100, 0);"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql) > 0; }
这种插入方式中,sql使用占位符?,然后插入值通过参数传入即可
private boolean insertBySqlParams() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, "一灰灰2", 200, 0) > 0; }
通过Statement可以指定参数类型,这种插入方式更加安全,有两种常见的方式,注意设置参数时,起始值为1,而不是通常说的0
private boolean insertByStatement() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new PreparedStatementSetter() { @Override public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement) throws SQLException { preparedStatement.setString(1, "一灰灰3"); preparedStatement.setInt(2, 300); byte b = 0; preparedStatement.setByte(3, b); } }) > 0; } private boolean insertByStatement2() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);"; return jdbcTemplate.update(new PreparedStatementCreator() { @Override public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException { PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql); preparedStatement.setString(1, "一灰灰4"); preparedStatement.setInt(2, 400); byte b = 0; preparedStatement.setByte(3, b); return preparedStatement; } }) > 0; }
这个属于比较常见的需求了,我希望获取插入数据的主键id,用于后续的业务使用; 这时就需要用 KeyHolder
/** * 新增数据,并返回主键id * * @return */ private int insertAndReturnId() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);"; KeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder(); jdbcTemplate.update(new PreparedStatementCreator() { @Override public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException { // 指定主键 PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql, new String[]{"id"}); preparedStatement.setString(1, "一灰灰5"); preparedStatement.setInt(2, 500); byte b = 0; preparedStatement.setByte(3, b); return preparedStatement; } }, keyHolder); return keyHolder.getKey().intValue(); }
看上面的实现,和前面差不多,但是有一行需要额外注意, 在获取Statement时,需要制定主键,否则会报错
// 指定主键 PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql, new String[]{"id"});
基本插入看完之后,再看批量插入,会发现和前面的姿势没有太大的区别,无非是传入一个数组罢了,如下面的几种使用姿势
private void batchInsertBySql() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES " + "('Batch 一灰灰blog', 100, 0), ('Batch 一灰灰blog 2', 100, 0);"; int[] ans = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql); System.out.println("batch insert by sql: " + JSON.toJSONString(ans)); } private void batchInsertByParams() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);"; Object[] param1 = new Object[]{"Batch 一灰灰 3", 200, 0}; Object[] param2 = new Object[]{"Batch 一灰灰 4", 200, 0}; int[] ans = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, Arrays.asList(param1, param2)); System.out.println("batch insert by params: " + JSON.toJSONString(ans)); } private void batchInsertByStatement() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);"; int[] ans = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() { @Override public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement, int i) throws SQLException { if (i == 0) { preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰5"); } else { preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰6"); } preparedStatement.setInt(2, 300); byte b = 0; preparedStatement.setByte(3, b); } @Override public int getBatchSize() { return 2; } }); System.out.println("batch insert by statement: " + JSON.toJSONString(ans)); }
接下来我们测试下上面的代码执行情况
@Component public class InsertService { /** * 简单的新增一条数据 */ public void basicInsert() { System.out.println("basic insert: " + insertBySql()); System.out.println("insertBySqlParams: " + insertBySqlParams()); System.out.println("insertByStatement: " + insertByStatement()); System.out.println("insertByStatement2: " + insertByStatement2()); System.out.println("insertAndReturn: " + insertAndReturnId()); List<Map<String, Object>> result = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from money"); System.out.println("after insert, the records:/n" + result); } /** * 批量插入数据 */ public void batchInsert() { batchInsertBySql(); batchInsertByParams(); batchInsertByStatement(); } } @SpringBootApplication public class Application { public Application(InsertService insertService) { insertService.basicInsert(); insertService.batchInsert(); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class); } }
输出结果如
basic insert: true insertBySqlParams: true insertByStatement: true insertByStatement2: true insertAndReturn: 5 after insert, the records: [{id=1, name=一灰灰blog, money=100, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:50.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:50.0}, {id=2, name=一灰灰2, money=200, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}, {id=3, name=一灰灰3, money=300, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}, {id=4, name=一灰灰4, money=400, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}, {id=5, name=一灰灰5, money=500, is_deleted=false, create_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0, update_at=2019-04-08 10:22:55.0}] batch insert by sql: [2] batch insert by params: [1,1] batch insert by statement: [1,1]
上面还漏了一个批量插入时,也需要返回主键id,改怎么办?
直接看JdbcTemplate的接口,并没有发现类似单个插入获取主键的方式,是不是意味着没法实现呢?
当然不是了,既然没有提供,我们完全可以依葫芦画瓢,自己实现一个 ExtendJdbcTemplate
, 首先看先单个插入返回id的实现如
接下来,我们自己的实现可以如下
public class ExtendJdbcTemplate extends JdbcTemplate { public ExtendJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) { super(dataSource); } public int[] batchUpdate(final String sql, final BatchPreparedStatementSetter pss, final KeyHolder generatedKeyHolder) throws DataAccessException { return execute(new PreparedStatementCreator() { @Override public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection conn) throws SQLException { return conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS); } }, ps -> { try { int batchSize = pss.getBatchSize(); int totalRowsAffected = 0; int[] rowsAffected = new int[batchSize]; List generatedKeys = generatedKeyHolder.getKeyList(); generatedKeys.clear(); ResultSet keys = null; for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) { pss.setValues(ps, i); rowsAffected[i] = ps.executeUpdate(); totalRowsAffected += rowsAffected[i]; try { keys = ps.getGeneratedKeys(); if (keys != null) { RowMapper rowMapper = new ColumnMapRowMapper(); RowMapperResultSetExtractor rse = new RowMapperResultSetExtractor(rowMapper, 1); generatedKeys.addAll(rse.extractData(keys)); } } finally { JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(keys); } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("SQL batch update affected " + totalRowsAffected + " rows and returned " + generatedKeys.size() + " keys"); } return rowsAffected; } finally { if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) { ((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters(); } } }); } }
封装完毕之后,我们的使用姿势可以为
@Autowired private ExtendJdbcTemplate extendJdbcTemplate; private void batchInsertAndReturnId() { String sql = "INSERT INTO `money` (`name`, `money`, `is_deleted`) VALUES (?, ?, ?);"; GeneratedKeyHolder generatedKeyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder(); extendJdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() { @Override public void setValues(PreparedStatement preparedStatement, int i) throws SQLException { if (i == 0) { preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰7"); } else { preparedStatement.setString(1, "batch 一灰灰8"); } preparedStatement.setInt(2, 400); byte b = 0; preparedStatement.setByte(3, b); } @Override public int getBatchSize() { return 2; } }, generatedKeyHolder); System.out.println("batch insert and return id "); List<Map<String, Object>> objectMap = generatedKeyHolder.getKeyList(); for (Map<String, Object> map : objectMap) { System.out.println(map.get("GENERATED_KEY")); } }
然后测试执行,输出结果如下
本篇主要介绍使用JdbcTemplate插入数据的几种常用姿势,分别从单个插入和批量插入进行了实例演示,包括以下几种常见姿势
update(sql) update(sql, param1, param2...) update(sql, new PreparedStatementCreator(){}) update(new PreparedStatementSetter(){}) update(new PreparedStatementCreator(){}, new GeneratedKeyHolder())
批量插入姿势和上面差不多,唯一需要注意的是,如果你想使用批量插入,并获取主键id,目前我没有找到可以直接使用的接口,如果有这方面的需求,可以参考下我上面的使用姿势
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