探索Java日志的奥秘：底层日志系统-log4j2 原 荐
前言
log4j2是apache在log4j的基础上，参考logback架构实现的一套新的日志系统（我感觉是apache害怕logback了）。
log4j2的 官方文档 上写着一些它的优点：
- 在拥有全部logback特性的情况下，还修复了一些隐藏问题
- API 分离：现在log4j2也是门面模式使用日志，默认的日志实现是log4j2，当然你也可以用logback（应该没有人会这么做）
- 性能提升：log4j2包含下一代基于LMAX Disruptor library的异步logger，在多线程场景下，拥有18倍于log4j和logback的性能
- 多API支持：log4j2提供Log4j 1.2, SLF4J, Commons Logging and java.util.logging (JUL) 的API支持
- 避免锁定：使用Log4j2 API的应用程序始终可以选择使用任何符合SLF4J的库作为log4j-to-slf4j适配器的记录器实现
- 自动重新加载配置：与Logback一样，Log4j 2可以在修改时自动重新加载其配置。与Logback不同，它会在重新配置发生时不会丢失日志事件。
- 高级过滤： 与Logback一样，Log4j 2支持基于Log事件中的上下文数据，标记，正则表达式和其他组件进行过滤。
- 插件架构： Log4j使用插件模式配置组件。因此，您无需编写代码来创建和配置Appender，Layout，Pattern Converter等。Log4j自动识别插件并在配置引用它们时使用它们。
- 属性支持：您可以在配置中引用属性，Log4j将直接替换它们，或者Log4j将它们传递给将动态解析它们的底层组件。
- Java 8 Lambda支持
- 自定义日志级别
- 产生垃圾少：在稳态日志记录期间，Log4j 2 在独立应用程序中是无垃圾的，在Web应用程序中是低垃圾。这减少了垃圾收集器的压力，并且可以提供更好的响应时间性能。
- 和应用server集成：版本2.10.0引入了一个模块log4j-appserver，以改进与Apache Tomcat和Eclipse Jetty的集成。
Log4j2类图：
这次从四个地方去探索源码：启动，配置，异步，插件化
源码探索
启动
log4j2的关键组件
- LogManager
根据配置指定LogContexFactory，初始化对应的LoggerContext
- LoggerContext
1、解析配置文件，解析为对应的java对象。
2、通过LoggerRegisty缓存Logger配置
3、Configuration配置信息
4、start方法解析配置文件，转化为对应的java对象
5、通过getLogger获取logger对象
- Logger
LogManaer
该组件是Log4J启动的入口，后续的LoggerContext以及Logger都是通过调用LogManager的静态方法获得。我们可以使用下面的代码获取Logger
Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger();
可以看出LogManager是十分关键的组件，因此在这个小节中我们详细分析LogManager的启动流程。
LogManager启动的入口是下面的static代码块：
/**
* Scans the classpath to find all logging implementation. Currently, only one will be used but this could be
* extended to allow multiple implementations to be used.
*/
static {
// Shortcut binding to force a specific logging implementation.
final PropertiesUtil managerProps = PropertiesUtil.getProperties();
final String factoryClassName = managerProps.getStringProperty(FACTORY_PROPERTY_NAME);
if (factoryClassName != null) {
try {
factory = LoaderUtil.newCheckedInstanceOf(factoryClassName, LoggerContextFactory.class);
} catch (final ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
LOGGER.error("Unable to locate configured LoggerContextFactory {}", factoryClassName);
} catch (final Exception ex) {
LOGGER.error("Unable to create configured LoggerContextFactory {}", factoryClassName, ex);
}
}
if (factory == null) {
final SortedMap<Integer, LoggerContextFactory> factories = new TreeMap<>();
// note that the following initial call to ProviderUtil may block until a Provider has been installed when
// running in an OSGi environment
if (ProviderUtil.hasProviders()) {
for (final Provider provider : ProviderUtil.getProviders()) {
final Class<? extends LoggerContextFactory> factoryClass = provider.loadLoggerContextFactory();
if (factoryClass != null) {
try {
factories.put(provider.getPriority(), factoryClass.newInstance());
} catch (final Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("Unable to create class {} specified in provider URL {}", factoryClass.getName(), provider
.getUrl(), e);
}
}
}
if (factories.isEmpty()) {
LOGGER.error("Log4j2 could not find a logging implementation. "
+ "Please add log4j-core to the classpath. Using SimpleLogger to log to the console...");
factory = new SimpleLoggerContextFactory();
} else if (factories.size() == 1) {
factory = factories.get(factories.lastKey());
} else {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Multiple logging implementations found: /n");
for (final Map.Entry<Integer, LoggerContextFactory> entry : factories.entrySet()) {
sb.append("Factory: ").append(entry.getValue().getClass().getName());
sb.append(", Weighting: ").append(entry.getKey()).append('/n');
}
factory = factories.get(factories.lastKey());
sb.append("Using factory: ").append(factory.getClass().getName());
LOGGER.warn(sb.toString());
}
} else {
LOGGER.error("Log4j2 could not find a logging implementation. "
+ "Please add log4j-core to the classpath. Using SimpleLogger to log to the console...");
factory = new SimpleLoggerContextFactory();
}
}
}
这段静态代码段主要分为下面的几个步骤：
- 首先根据特定配置文件的配置信息获取loggerContextFactory
- 如果没有找到对应的Factory的实现类则通过ProviderUtil中的getProviders()方法载入providers，随后通过provider的loadLoggerContextFactory方法载入LoggerContextFactory的实现类
- 如果provider中没有获取到LoggerContextFactory的实现类或provider为空，则使用SimpleLoggerContextFactory作为LoggerContextFactory。
根据配置文件载入LoggerContextFactory
// Shortcut binding to force a specific logging implementation.
final PropertiesUtil managerProps = PropertiesUtil.getProperties();
final String factoryClassName = managerProps.getStringProperty(FACTORY_PROPERTY_NAME);
if (factoryClassName != null) {
try {
factory = LoaderUtil.newCheckedInstanceOf(factoryClassName, LoggerContextFactory.class);
} catch (final ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
LOGGER.error("Unable to locate configured LoggerContextFactory {}", factoryClassName);
} catch (final Exception ex) {
LOGGER.error("Unable to create configured LoggerContextFactory {}", factoryClassName, ex);
}
}
在这段逻辑中，LogManager优先通过配置文件”log4j2.component.properties”通过配置项”log4j2.loggerContextFactory”来获取LoggerContextFactory，如果用户做了对应的配置，通过newCheckedInstanceOf方法实例化LoggerContextFactory的对象，最终的实现方式为：
public static <T> T newInstanceOf(final Class<T> clazz)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
try {
return clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
} catch (final NoSuchMethodException ignored) {
// FIXME: looking at the code for Class.newInstance(), this seems to do the same thing as above
return clazz.newInstance();
}
}
在默认情况下，不存在初始的默认配置文件log4j2.component.properties，因此需要从其他途径获取LoggerContextFactory。
通过Provider实例化LoggerContextFactory对象
代码：
if (factory == null) {
final SortedMap<Integer, LoggerContextFactory> factories = new TreeMap<>();
// note that the following initial call to ProviderUtil may block until a Provider has been installed when
// running in an OSGi environment
if (ProviderUtil.hasProviders()) {
for (final Provider provider : ProviderUtil.getProviders()) {
final Class<? extends LoggerContextFactory> factoryClass = provider.loadLoggerContextFactory();
if (factoryClass != null) {
try {
factories.put(provider.getPriority(), factoryClass.newInstance());
} catch (final Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("Unable to create class {} specified in provider URL {}", factoryClass.getName(), provider
.getUrl(), e);
}
}
}
if (factories.isEmpty()) {
LOGGER.error("Log4j2 could not find a logging implementation. "
+ "Please add log4j-core to the classpath. Using SimpleLogger to log to the console...");
factory = new SimpleLoggerContextFactory();
} else if (factories.size() == 1) {
factory = factories.get(factories.lastKey());
} else {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Multiple logging implementations found: /n");
for (final Map.Entry<Integer, LoggerContextFactory> entry : factories.entrySet()) {
sb.append("Factory: ").append(entry.getValue().getClass().getName());
sb.append(", Weighting: ").append(entry.getKey()).append('/n');
}
factory = factories.get(factories.lastKey());
sb.append("Using factory: ").append(factory.getClass().getName());
LOGGER.warn(sb.toString());
}
} else {
LOGGER.error("Log4j2 could not find a logging implementation. "
+ "Please add log4j-core to the classpath. Using SimpleLogger to log to the console...");
factory = new SimpleLoggerContextFactory();
}
}
这里比较有意思的是hasProviders和getProviders都会通过线程安全的方式去懒加载ProviderUtil这个对象。跟进lazyInit方法：
protected static void lazyInit() {
//noinspection DoubleCheckedLocking
if (INSTANCE == null) {
try {
STARTUP_LOCK.lockInterruptibly();
if (INSTANCE == null) {
INSTANCE = new ProviderUtil();
}
} catch (final InterruptedException e) {
LOGGER.fatal("Interrupted before Log4j Providers could be loaded.", e);
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} finally {
STARTUP_LOCK.unlock();
}
}
}
再看构造方法：
private ProviderUtil() {
for (final LoaderUtil.UrlResource resource : LoaderUtil.findUrlResources(PROVIDER_RESOURCE)) {
loadProvider(resource.getUrl(), resource.getClassLoader());
}
}
这里的懒加载其实就是懒加载Provider对象。在创建新的providerUtil实例的过程中就会直接实例化provider对象，其过程是先通过getClassLoaders方法获取provider的类加载器，然后通过loadProviders(classLoader);加载类。在providerUtil实例化的最后，会统一查找”META-INF/log4j-provider.properties”文件中对应的provider的url，会考虑从远程加载provider。而loadProviders方法就是在ProviderUtil的PROVIDERS列表中添加对一个的provider。可以看到默认的provider是org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jContextFactory
LoggerContextFactory = org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.Log4jContextFactory Log4jAPIVersion = 2.1.0 FactoryPriority= 10
很有意思的是这里懒加载加上了锁，而且使用的是
lockInterruptibly这个方法。lockInterruptibly和lock的区别如下：
lock 与 lockInterruptibly比较区别在于：
lock 优先考虑获取锁，待获取锁成功后，才响应中断。
lockInterruptibly 优先考虑响应中断，而不是响应锁的普通获取或重入获取。
ReentrantLock.lockInterruptibly允许在等待时由其它线程调用等待线程的
Thread.interrupt 方法来中断等待线程的等待而直接返回，这时不用获取锁，而会抛出一个InterruptedException。 ReentrantLock.lock方法不允许Thread.interrupt中断,即使检测到Thread.isInterrupted,一样会继续尝试获取锁，失败则继续休眠。只是在最后获取锁成功后再把当前线程置为interrupted状态,然后再中断线程。
上面有一句注释值得注意：
/**
* Guards the ProviderUtil singleton instance from lazy initialization. This is primarily used for OSGi support.
*
* @since 2.1
*/
protected static final Lock STARTUP_LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
// STARTUP_LOCK guards INSTANCE for lazy initialization; this allows the OSGi Activator to pause the startup and
// wait for a Provider to be installed. See LOG4J2-373
private static volatile ProviderUtil INSTANCE;
原来这里是为了让osgi可以阻止启动。
再回到logManager：
可以看到在加载完Provider之后，会做factory的绑定：
if (factories.isEmpty()) {
LOGGER.error("Log4j2 could not find a logging implementation. "
+ "Please add log4j-core to the classpath. Using SimpleLogger to log to the console...");
factory = new SimpleLoggerContextFactory();
} else if (factories.size() == 1) {
factory = factories.get(factories.lastKey());
} else {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Multiple logging implementations found: /n");
for (final Map.Entry<Integer, LoggerContextFactory> entry : factories.entrySet()) {
sb.append("Factory: ").append(entry.getValue().getClass().getName());
sb.append(", Weighting: ").append(entry.getKey()).append('/n');
}
factory = factories.get(factories.lastKey());
sb.append("Using factory: ").append(factory.getClass().getName());
LOGGER.warn(sb.toString());
}
到这里，logmanager的启动流程就结束了。
配置
在不使用slf4j的情况下，我们获取logger的方式是这样的：
Logger logger = logManager.getLogger(xx.class)
跟进getLogger方法：
public static Logger getLogger(final Class<?> clazz) {
final Class<?> cls = callerClass(clazz);
return getContext(cls.getClassLoader(), false).getLogger(toLoggerName(cls));
}
这里有一个getContext方法，跟进，
public static LoggerContext getContext(final ClassLoader loader, final boolean currentContext) {
try {
return factory.getContext(FQCN, loader, null, currentContext);
} catch (final IllegalStateException ex) {
LOGGER.warn(ex.getMessage() + " Using SimpleLogger");
return new SimpleLoggerContextFactory().getContext(FQCN, loader, null, currentContext);
}
}
上文提到factory的具体实现是Log4jContextFactory，跟进getContext
方法：
public LoggerContext getContext(final String fqcn, final ClassLoader loader, final Object externalContext,
final boolean currentContext) {
final LoggerContext ctx = selector.getContext(fqcn, loader, currentContext);
if (externalContext != null && ctx.getExternalContext() == null) {
ctx.setExternalContext(externalContext);
}
if (ctx.getState() == LifeCycle.State.INITIALIZED) {
ctx.start();
}
return ctx;
}
直接看start：
public void start() {
LOGGER.debug("Starting LoggerContext[name={}, {}]...", getName(), this);
if (PropertiesUtil.getProperties().getBooleanProperty("log4j.LoggerContext.stacktrace.on.start", false)) {
LOGGER.debug("Stack trace to locate invoker",
new Exception("Not a real error, showing stack trace to locate invoker"));
}
if (configLock.tryLock()) {
try {
if (this.isInitialized() || this.isStopped()) {
this.setStarting();
reconfigure();
if (this.configuration.isShutdownHookEnabled()) {
setUpShutdownHook();
}
this.setStarted();
}
} finally {
configLock.unlock();
}
}
LOGGER.debug("LoggerContext[name={}, {}] started OK.", getName(), this);
}
发现其中的核心方法是reconfigure方法，继续跟进：
private void reconfigure(final URI configURI) {
final ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.class.isInstance(externalContext) ? (ClassLoader) externalContext : null;
LOGGER.debug("Reconfiguration started for context[name={}] at URI {} ({}) with optional ClassLoader: {}",
contextName, configURI, this, cl);
final Configuration instance = ConfigurationFactory.getInstance().getConfiguration(this, contextName, configURI, cl);
if (instance == null) {
LOGGER.error("Reconfiguration failed: No configuration found for '{}' at '{}' in '{}'", contextName, configURI, cl);
} else {
setConfiguration(instance);
/*
* instance.start(); Configuration old = setConfiguration(instance); updateLoggers(); if (old != null) {
* old.stop(); }
*/
final String location = configuration == null ? "?" : String.valueOf(configuration.getConfigurationSource());
LOGGER.debug("Reconfiguration complete for context[name={}] at URI {} ({}) with optional ClassLoader: {}",
contextName, location, this, cl);
}
}
可以看到每一个configuration都是从ConfigurationFactory拿出来的，我们先看看这个类的getInstance看看：
public static ConfigurationFactory getInstance() {
// volatile works in Java 1.6+, so double-checked locking also works properly
//noinspection DoubleCheckedLocking
if (factories == null) {
LOCK.lock();
try {
if (factories == null) {
final List<ConfigurationFactory> list = new ArrayList<ConfigurationFactory>();
final String factoryClass = PropertiesUtil.getProperties().getStringProperty(CONFIGURATION_FACTORY_PROPERTY);
if (factoryClass != null) {
addFactory(list, factoryClass);
}
final PluginManager manager = new PluginManager(CATEGORY);
manager.collectPlugins();
final Map<String, PluginType<?>> plugins = manager.getPlugins();
final List<Class<? extends ConfigurationFactory>> ordered =
new ArrayList<Class<? extends ConfigurationFactory>>(plugins.size());
for (final PluginType<?> type : plugins.values()) {
try {
ordered.add(type.getPluginClass().asSubclass(ConfigurationFactory.class));
} catch (final Exception ex) {
LOGGER.warn("Unable to add class {}", type.getPluginClass(), ex);
}
}
Collections.sort(ordered, OrderComparator.getInstance());
for (final Class<? extends ConfigurationFactory> clazz : ordered) {
addFactory(list, clazz);
}
// see above comments about double-checked locking
//noinspection NonThreadSafeLazyInitialization
factories = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
}
} finally {
LOCK.unlock();
}
}
LOGGER.debug("Using configurationFactory {}", configFactory);
return configFactory;
}
这里可以看到ConfigurationFactory中利用了PluginManager来进行初始化，PluginManager会将ConfigurationFactory的子类加载进来，默认使用的XmlConfigurationFactory，JsonConfigurationFactory，YamlConfigurationFactory这三个子类，这里插件化加载暂时按下不表。
回到reconfigure这个方法，我们看到获取ConfigurationFactory实例之后会去调用getConfiguration方法：
public Configuration getConfiguration(final String name, final URI configLocation, final ClassLoader loader) {
if (!isActive()) {
return null;
}
if (loader == null) {
return getConfiguration(name, configLocation);
}
if (isClassLoaderUri(configLocation)) {
final String path = extractClassLoaderUriPath(configLocation);
final ConfigurationSource source = getInputFromResource(path, loader);
if (source != null) {
final Configuration configuration = getConfiguration(source);
if (configuration != null) {
return configuration;
}
}
}
return getConfiguration(name, configLocation);
}
跟进getConfiguration，这里值得注意的是有很多个getConfiguration，注意甄别，如果不确定的话可以通过debug的方式来确定。
public Configuration getConfiguration(final String name, final URI configLocation) {
if (configLocation == null) {
final String config = this.substitutor.replace(
PropertiesUtil.getProperties().getStringProperty(CONFIGURATION_FILE_PROPERTY));
if (config != null) {
ConfigurationSource source = null;
try {
source = getInputFromUri(FileUtils.getCorrectedFilePathUri(config));
} catch (final Exception ex) {
// Ignore the error and try as a String.
LOGGER.catching(Level.DEBUG, ex);
}
if (source == null) {
final ClassLoader loader = LoaderUtil.getThreadContextClassLoader();
source = getInputFromString(config, loader);
}
if (source != null) {
for (final ConfigurationFactory factory : factories) {
final String[] types = factory.getSupportedTypes();
if (types != null) {
for (final String type : types) {
if (type.equals("*") || config.endsWith(type)) {
final Configuration c = factory.getConfiguration(source);
if (c != null) {
return c;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
} else {
for (final ConfigurationFactory factory : factories) {
final String[] types = factory.getSupportedTypes();
if (types != null) {
for (final String type : types) {
if (type.equals("*") || configLocation.toString().endsWith(type)) {
final Configuration config = factory.getConfiguration(name, configLocation);
if (config != null) {
return config;
}
}
}
}
}
}
Configuration config = getConfiguration(true, name);
if (config == null) {
config = getConfiguration(true, null);
if (config == null) {
config = getConfiguration(false, name);
if (config == null) {
config = getConfiguration(false, null);
}
}
}
if (config != null) {
return config;
}
LOGGER.error("No log4j2 configuration file found. Using default configuration: logging only errors to the console.");
return new DefaultConfiguration();
}
这里就会根据之前加载进来的factory进行配置的获取，具体的不再解析。
回到reconfigure，之后的步骤就是setConfiguration，入参就是刚才获取的config
private synchronized Configuration setConfiguration(final Configuration config) {
Assert.requireNonNull(config, "No Configuration was provided");
final Configuration prev = this.config;
config.addListener(this);
final ConcurrentMap<String, String> map = config.getComponent(Configuration.CONTEXT_PROPERTIES);
try { // LOG4J2-719 network access may throw android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException
map.putIfAbsent("hostName", NetUtils.getLocalHostname());
} catch (final Exception ex) {
LOGGER.debug("Ignoring {}, setting hostName to 'unknown'", ex.toString());
map.putIfAbsent("hostName", "unknown");
}
map.putIfAbsent("contextName", name);
config.start();
this.config = config;
updateLoggers();
if (prev != null) {
prev.removeListener(this);
prev.stop();
}
firePropertyChangeEvent(new PropertyChangeEvent(this, PROPERTY_CONFIG, prev, config));
try {
Server.reregisterMBeansAfterReconfigure();
} catch (final Throwable t) {
// LOG4J2-716: Android has no java.lang.management
LOGGER.error("Could not reconfigure JMX", t);
}
return prev;
}
这个方法最重要的步骤就是config.start,这才是真正做配置解析的
public void start() {
LOGGER.debug("Starting configuration {}", this);
this.setStarting();
pluginManager.collectPlugins(pluginPackages);
final PluginManager levelPlugins = new PluginManager(Level.CATEGORY);
levelPlugins.collectPlugins(pluginPackages);
final Map<String, PluginType<?>> plugins = levelPlugins.getPlugins();
if (plugins != null) {
for (final PluginType<?> type : plugins.values()) {
try {
// Cause the class to be initialized if it isn't already.
Loader.initializeClass(type.getPluginClass().getName(), type.getPluginClass().getClassLoader());
} catch (final Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("Unable to initialize {} due to {}", type.getPluginClass().getName(), e.getClass()
.getSimpleName(), e);
}
}
}
setup();
setupAdvertisement();
doConfigure();
final Set<LoggerConfig> alreadyStarted = new HashSet<LoggerConfig>();
for (final LoggerConfig logger : loggers.values()) {
logger.start();
alreadyStarted.add(logger);
}
for (final Appender appender : appenders.values()) {
appender.start();
}
if (!alreadyStarted.contains(root)) { // LOG4J2-392
root.start(); // LOG4J2-336
}
super.start();
LOGGER.debug("Started configuration {} OK.", this);
}
这里面有如下步骤：
- 获取日志等级的插件
- 初始化
- 初始化Advertiser
- 配置
先看一下初始化，也就是setup这个方法，setup是一个需要被复写的方法，我们以XMLConfiguration作为例子，
@Override
public void setup() {
if (rootElement == null) {
LOGGER.error("No logging configuration");
return;
}
constructHierarchy(rootNode, rootElement);
if (status.size() > 0) {
for (final Status s : status) {
LOGGER.error("Error processing element {}: {}", s.name, s.errorType);
}
return;
}
rootElement = null;
}
发现这里面有一个比较重要的方法constructHierarchy，跟进：
private void constructHierarchy(final Node node, final Element element) {
processAttributes(node, element);
final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
final NodeList list = element.getChildNodes();
final List<Node> children = node.getChildren();
for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) {
final org.w3c.dom.Node w3cNode = list.item(i);
if (w3cNode instanceof Element) {
final Element child = (Element) w3cNode;
final String name = getType(child);
final PluginType<?> type = pluginManager.getPluginType(name);
final Node childNode = new Node(node, name, type);
constructHierarchy(childNode, child);
if (type == null) {
final String value = childNode.getValue();
if (!childNode.hasChildren() && value != null) {
node.getAttributes().put(name, value);
} else {
status.add(new Status(name, element, ErrorType.CLASS_NOT_FOUND));
}
} else {
children.add(childNode);
}
} else if (w3cNode instanceof Text) {
final Text data = (Text) w3cNode;
buffer.append(data.getData());
}
}
final String text = buffer.toString().trim();
if (text.length() > 0 || (!node.hasChildren() && !node.isRoot())) {
node.setValue(text);
}
}
发现这个就是一个树遍历的过程。诚然，配置文件是以xml的形式给出的，xml的结构就是一个树形结构。回到start方法，跟进doConfiguration：
protected void doConfigure() {
if (rootNode.hasChildren() && rootNode.getChildren().get(0).getName().equalsIgnoreCase("Properties")) {
final Node first = rootNode.getChildren().get(0);
createConfiguration(first, null);
if (first.getObject() != null) {
subst.setVariableResolver((StrLookup) first.getObject());
}
} else {
final Map<String, String> map = this.getComponent(CONTEXT_PROPERTIES);
final StrLookup lookup = map == null ? null : new MapLookup(map);
subst.setVariableResolver(new Interpolator(lookup, pluginPackages));
}
boolean setLoggers = false;
boolean setRoot = false;
for (final Node child : rootNode.getChildren()) {
if (child.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("Properties")) {
if (tempLookup == subst.getVariableResolver()) {
LOGGER.error("Properties declaration must be the first element in the configuration");
}
continue;
}
createConfiguration(child, null);
if (child.getObject() == null) {
continue;
}
if (child.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("Appenders")) {
appenders = child.getObject();
} else if (child.isInstanceOf(Filter.class)) {
addFilter(child.getObject(Filter.class));
} else if (child.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("Loggers")) {
final Loggers l = child.getObject();
loggers = l.getMap();
setLoggers = true;
if (l.getRoot() != null) {
root = l.getRoot();
setRoot = true;
}
} else if (child.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("CustomLevels")) {
customLevels = child.getObject(CustomLevels.class).getCustomLevels();
} else if (child.isInstanceOf(CustomLevelConfig.class)) {
final List<CustomLevelConfig> copy = new ArrayList<CustomLevelConfig>(customLevels);
copy.add(child.getObject(CustomLevelConfig.class));
customLevels = copy;
} else {
LOGGER.error("Unknown object /"{}/" of type {} is ignored.", child.getName(),
child.getObject().getClass().getName());
}
}
if (!setLoggers) {
LOGGER.warn("No Loggers were configured, using default. Is the Loggers element missing?");
setToDefault();
return;
} else if (!setRoot) {
LOGGER.warn("No Root logger was configured, creating default ERROR-level Root logger with Console appender");
setToDefault();
// return; // LOG4J2-219: creating default root=ok, but don't exclude configured Loggers
}
for (final Map.Entry<String, LoggerConfig> entry : loggers.entrySet()) {
final LoggerConfig l = entry.getValue();
for (final AppenderRef ref : l.getAppenderRefs()) {
final Appender app = appenders.get(ref.getRef());
if (app != null) {
l.addAppender(app, ref.getLevel(), ref.getFilter());
} else {
LOGGER.error("Unable to locate appender {} for logger {}", ref.getRef(), l.getName());
}
}
}
setParents();
}
发现就是对刚刚获取的configuration进行解析，然后塞进正确的地方。回到start方法，可以看到昨晚配置之后就是开启logger和appender了。
异步
AsyncAppender
log4j2突出于其他日志的优势，异步日志实现。我们先从日志打印看进去。找到Logger，随便找一个log日志的方法。
public void debug(final Marker marker, final Message msg) {
logIfEnabled(FQCN, Level.DEBUG, marker, msg, msg != null ? msg.getThrowable() : null);
}
一路跟进
@PerformanceSensitive
// NOTE: This is a hot method. Current implementation compiles to 29 bytes of byte code.
// This is within the 35 byte MaxInlineSize threshold. Modify with care!
private void logMessageTrackRecursion(final String fqcn,
final Level level,
final Marker marker,
final Message msg,
final Throwable throwable) {
try {
incrementRecursionDepth(); // LOG4J2-1518, LOG4J2-2031
tryLogMessage(fqcn, level, marker, msg, throwable);
} finally {
decrementRecursionDepth();
}
}
可以看出这个在打日志之前做了调用次数的记录。跟进tryLogMessage，
@PerformanceSensitive
// NOTE: This is a hot method. Current implementation compiles to 26 bytes of byte code.
// This is within the 35 byte MaxInlineSize threshold. Modify with care!
private void tryLogMessage(final String fqcn,
final Level level,
final Marker marker,
final Message msg,
final Throwable throwable) {
try {
logMessage(fqcn, level, marker, msg, throwable);
} catch (final Exception e) {
// LOG4J2-1990 Log4j2 suppresses all exceptions that occur once application called the logger
handleLogMessageException(e, fqcn, msg);
}
}
继续跟进：
@Override
public void logMessage(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker, final Message message,
final Throwable t) {
final Message msg = message == null ? new SimpleMessage(Strings.EMPTY) : message;
final ReliabilityStrategy strategy = privateConfig.loggerConfig.getReliabilityStrategy();
strategy.log(this, getName(), fqcn, marker, level, msg, t);
}
这里可以看到在实际打日志的时候，会从config中获取打日志的策略，跟踪ReliabilityStrategy的创建，发现默认的实现类为DefaultReliabilityStrategy，跟进看实际打日志的方法
@Override
public void log(final Supplier<LoggerConfig> reconfigured, final String loggerName, final String fqcn, final Marker marker, final Level level,
final Message data, final Throwable t) {
loggerConfig.log(loggerName, fqcn, marker, level, data, t);
}
这里实际打日志的方法居然是交给一个config去实现的。。。感觉有点奇怪。。跟进看看
@PerformanceSensitive("allocation")
public void log(final String loggerName, final String fqcn, final Marker marker, final Level level,
final Message data, final Throwable t) {
List<Property> props = null;
if (!propertiesRequireLookup) {
props = properties;
} else {
if (properties != null) {
props = new ArrayList<>(properties.size());
final LogEvent event = Log4jLogEvent.newBuilder()
.setMessage(data)
.setMarker(marker)
.setLevel(level)
.setLoggerName(loggerName)
.setLoggerFqcn(fqcn)
.setThrown(t)
.build();
for (int i = 0; i < properties.size(); i++) {
final Property prop = properties.get(i);
final String value = prop.isValueNeedsLookup() // since LOG4J2-1575
? config.getStrSubstitutor().replace(event, prop.getValue()) //
: prop.getValue();
props.add(Property.createProperty(prop.getName(), value));
}
}
}
final LogEvent logEvent = logEventFactory.createEvent(loggerName, marker, fqcn, level, data, props, t);
try {
log(logEvent, LoggerConfigPredicate.ALL);
} finally {
// LOG4J2-1583 prevent scrambled logs when logging calls are nested (logging in toString())
ReusableLogEventFactory.release(logEvent);
}
}
可以清楚的看到try之前是在创建LogEvent，try里面做的才是真正的log（好tm累），一路跟进。
private void processLogEvent(final LogEvent event, LoggerConfigPredicate predicate) {
event.setIncludeLocation(isIncludeLocation());
if (predicate.allow(this)) {
callAppenders(event);
}
logParent(event, predicate);
}
接下来就是callAppender了，我们直接开始看AsyncAppender的append方法：
/**
* Actual writing occurs here.
*
* @param logEvent The LogEvent.
*/
@Override
public void append(final LogEvent logEvent) {
if (!isStarted()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("AsyncAppender " + getName() + " is not active");
}
final Log4jLogEvent memento = Log4jLogEvent.createMemento(logEvent, includeLocation);
InternalAsyncUtil.makeMessageImmutable(logEvent.getMessage());
if (!transfer(memento)) {
if (blocking) {
if (AbstractLogger.getRecursionDepth() > 1) { // LOG4J2-1518, LOG4J2-2031
// If queue is full AND we are in a recursive call, call appender directly to prevent deadlock
AsyncQueueFullMessageUtil.logWarningToStatusLogger();
logMessageInCurrentThread(logEvent);
} else {
// delegate to the event router (which may discard, enqueue and block, or log in current thread)
final EventRoute route = asyncQueueFullPolicy.getRoute(thread.getId(), memento.getLevel());
route.logMessage(this, memento);
}
} else {
error("Appender " + getName() + " is unable to write primary appenders. queue is full");
logToErrorAppenderIfNecessary(false, memento);
}
}
}
这里主要的步骤就是：
- 生成logEvent
- 将logEvent放入BlockingQueue，就是transfer方法
- 如果BlockingQueue满了则启用相应的策略
同样的，这里也有一个线程用来做异步消费的事情
private class AsyncThread extends Log4jThread {
private volatile boolean shutdown = false;
private final List<AppenderControl> appenders;
private final BlockingQueue<LogEvent> queue;
public AsyncThread(final List<AppenderControl> appenders, final BlockingQueue<LogEvent> queue) {
super("AsyncAppender-" + THREAD_SEQUENCE.getAndIncrement());
this.appenders = appenders;
this.queue = queue;
setDaemon(true);
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (!shutdown) {
LogEvent event;
try {
event = queue.take();
if (event == SHUTDOWN_LOG_EVENT) {
shutdown = true;
continue;
}
} catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
break; // LOG4J2-830
}
event.setEndOfBatch(queue.isEmpty());
final boolean success = callAppenders(event);
if (!success && errorAppender != null) {
try {
errorAppender.callAppender(event);
} catch (final Exception ex) {
// Silently accept the error.
}
}
}
// Process any remaining items in the queue.
LOGGER.trace("AsyncAppender.AsyncThread shutting down. Processing remaining {} queue events.",
queue.size());
int count = 0;
int ignored = 0;
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
try {
final LogEvent event = queue.take();
if (event instanceof Log4jLogEvent) {
final Log4jLogEvent logEvent = (Log4jLogEvent) event;
logEvent.setEndOfBatch(queue.isEmpty());
callAppenders(logEvent);
count++;
} else {
ignored++;
LOGGER.trace("Ignoring event of class {}", event.getClass().getName());
}
} catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
// May have been interrupted to shut down.
// Here we ignore interrupts and try to process all remaining events.
}
}
LOGGER.trace("AsyncAppender.AsyncThread stopped. Queue has {} events remaining. "
+ "Processed {} and ignored {} events since shutdown started.", queue.size(), count, ignored);
}
/**
* Calls {@link AppenderControl#callAppender(LogEvent) callAppender} on all registered {@code AppenderControl}
* objects, and returns {@code true} if at least one appender call was successful, {@code false} otherwise. Any
* exceptions are silently ignored.
*
* @param event the event to forward to the registered appenders
* @return {@code true} if at least one appender call succeeded, {@code false} otherwise
*/
boolean callAppenders(final LogEvent event) {
boolean success = false;
for (final AppenderControl control : appenders) {
try {
control.callAppender(event);
success = true;
} catch (final Exception ex) {
// If no appender is successful the error appender will get it.
}
}
return success;
}
public void shutdown() {
shutdown = true;
if (queue.isEmpty()) {
queue.offer(SHUTDOWN_LOG_EVENT);
}
if (getState() == State.TIMED_WAITING || getState() == State.WAITING) {
this.interrupt(); // LOG4J2-1422: if underlying appender is stuck in wait/sleep/join/park call
}
}
}
直接看run方法：
- 阻塞获取logEvent
- 将logEvent分发出去
- 如果线程要退出了，将blockingQueue里面的event消费完在退出。
AsyncLogger
直接从AsyncLogger的logMessage看进去：
public void logMessage(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker, final Message message,
final Throwable thrown) {
if (loggerDisruptor.isUseThreadLocals()) {
logWithThreadLocalTranslator(fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
} else {
// LOG4J2-1172: avoid storing non-JDK classes in ThreadLocals to avoid memory leaks in web apps
logWithVarargTranslator(fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
}
}
跟进logWithThreadLocalTranslator，
private void logWithThreadLocalTranslator(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker,
final Message message, final Throwable thrown) {
// Implementation note: this method is tuned for performance. MODIFY WITH CARE!
final RingBufferLogEventTranslator translator = getCachedTranslator();
initTranslator(translator, fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
initTranslatorThreadValues(translator);
publish(translator);
}
这里的逻辑很简单，就是将日志相关的信息转换成RingBufferLogEvent（RingBuffer是Disruptor的无所队列），然后将其发布到RingBuffer中。发布到RingBuffer中，那肯定也有消费逻辑。这时候有两种方式可以找到这个消费的逻辑。
- 找disruptor被使用的地方，然后查看，但是这样做会很容易迷惑
- 按照Log4j2的尿性，这种Logger都有对应的start方法，我们可以从start方法入手寻找
在start方法中，我们找到了一段代码：
final RingBufferLogEventHandler[] handlers = {new RingBufferLogEventHandler()};
disruptor.handleEventsWith(handlers);
直接看看这个RingBufferLogEventHandler的实现：
public class RingBufferLogEventHandler implements
SequenceReportingEventHandler<RingBufferLogEvent>, LifecycleAware {
private static final int NOTIFY_PROGRESS_THRESHOLD = 50;
private Sequence sequenceCallback;
private int counter;
private long threadId = -1;
@Override
public void setSequenceCallback(final Sequence sequenceCallback) {
this.sequenceCallback = sequenceCallback;
}
@Override
public void onEvent(final RingBufferLogEvent event, final long sequence,
final boolean endOfBatch) throws Exception {
event.execute(endOfBatch);
event.clear();
// notify the BatchEventProcessor that the sequence has progressed.
// Without this callback the sequence would not be progressed
// until the batch has completely finished.
if (++counter > NOTIFY_PROGRESS_THRESHOLD) {
sequenceCallback.set(sequence);
counter = 0;
}
}
/**
* Returns the thread ID of the background consumer thread, or {@code -1} if the background thread has not started
* yet.
* @return the thread ID of the background consumer thread, or {@code -1}
*/
public long getThreadId() {
return threadId;
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
}
@Override
public void onShutdown() {
}
}
顺着接口找上去，发现一个接口：
/**
* Callback interface to be implemented for processing events as they become available in the {@link RingBuffer}
*
* @param <T> event implementation storing the data for sharing during exchange or parallel coordination of an event.
* @see BatchEventProcessor#setExceptionHandler(ExceptionHandler) if you want to handle exceptions propagated out of the handler.
*/
public interface EventHandler<T>
{
/**
* Called when a publisher has published an event to the {@link RingBuffer}
*
* @param event published to the {@link RingBuffer}
* @param sequence of the event being processed
* @param endOfBatch flag to indicate if this is the last event in a batch from the {@link RingBuffer}
* @throws Exception if the EventHandler would like the exception handled further up the chain.
*/
void onEvent(T event, long sequence, boolean endOfBatch) throws Exception;
}
通过注释可以发现，这个onEvent就是处理逻辑，回到RingBufferLogEventHandler的onEvent方法，发现里面有一个execute方法，跟进：
public void execute(final boolean endOfBatch) {
this.endOfBatch = endOfBatch;
asyncLogger.actualAsyncLog(this);
}
这个方法就是实际打日志了，AsyncLogger看起来还是比较简单的，只是使用了一个Disruptor。
插件化
之前在很多代码里面都可以看到
final PluginManager manager = new PluginManager(CATEGORY); manager.collectPlugins(pluginPackages);
其实整个log4j2为了获得更好的扩展性，将自己的很多组件都做成了插件，然后在配置的时候去加载plugin。
跟进collectPlugins。
public void collectPlugins(final List<String> packages) {
final String categoryLowerCase = category.toLowerCase();
final Map<String, PluginType<?>> newPlugins = new LinkedHashMap<>();
// First, iterate the Log4j2Plugin.dat files found in the main CLASSPATH
Map<String, List<PluginType<?>>> builtInPlugins = PluginRegistry.getInstance().loadFromMainClassLoader();
if (builtInPlugins.isEmpty()) {
// If we didn't find any plugins above, someone must have messed with the log4j-core.jar.
// Search the standard package in the hopes we can find our core plugins.
builtInPlugins = PluginRegistry.getInstance().loadFromPackage(LOG4J_PACKAGES);
}
mergeByName(newPlugins, builtInPlugins.get(categoryLowerCase));
// Next, iterate any Log4j2Plugin.dat files from OSGi Bundles
for (final Map<String, List<PluginType<?>>> pluginsByCategory : PluginRegistry.getInstance().getPluginsByCategoryByBundleId().values()) {
mergeByName(newPlugins, pluginsByCategory.get(categoryLowerCase));
}
// Next iterate any packages passed to the static addPackage method.
for (final String pkg : PACKAGES) {
mergeByName(newPlugins, PluginRegistry.getInstance().loadFromPackage(pkg).get(categoryLowerCase));
}
// Finally iterate any packages provided in the configuration (note these can be changed at runtime).
if (packages != null) {
for (final String pkg : packages) {
mergeByName(newPlugins, PluginRegistry.getInstance().loadFromPackage(pkg).get(categoryLowerCase));
}
}
LOGGER.debug("PluginManager '{}' found {} plugins", category, newPlugins.size());
plugins = newPlugins;
}
处理逻辑如下：
- 从Log4j2Plugin.dat中加载所有的内置的plugin
- 然后将OSGi Bundles中的Log4j2Plugin.dat中的plugin加载进来
- 再加载传入的package路径中的plugin
- 最后加载配置中的plugin
逻辑还是比较简单的，但是我在看源码的时候发现了一个很有意思的东西，就是在加载log4j2 core插件的时候，也就是
PluginRegistry.getInstance().loadFromMainClassLoader()
这个方法，跟进到decodeCacheFiles：
private Map<String, List<PluginType<?>>> decodeCacheFiles(final ClassLoader loader) {
final long startTime = System.nanoTime();
final PluginCache cache = new PluginCache();
try {
final Enumeration<URL> resources = loader.getResources(PluginProcessor.PLUGIN_CACHE_FILE);
if (resources == null) {
LOGGER.info("Plugin preloads not available from class loader {}", loader);
} else {
cache.loadCacheFiles(resources);
}
} catch (final IOException ioe) {
LOGGER.warn("Unable to preload plugins", ioe);
}
final Map<String, List<PluginType<?>>> newPluginsByCategory = new HashMap<>();
int pluginCount = 0;
for (final Map.Entry<String, Map<String, PluginEntry>> outer : cache.getAllCategories().entrySet()) {
final String categoryLowerCase = outer.getKey();
final List<PluginType<?>> types = new ArrayList<>(outer.getValue().size());
newPluginsByCategory.put(categoryLowerCase, types);
for (final Map.Entry<String, PluginEntry> inner : outer.getValue().entrySet()) {
final PluginEntry entry = inner.getValue();
final String className = entry.getClassName();
try {
final Class<?> clazz = loader.loadClass(className);
final PluginType<?> type = new PluginType<>(entry, clazz, entry.getName());
types.add(type);
++pluginCount;
} catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) {
LOGGER.info("Plugin [{}] could not be loaded due to missing classes.", className, e);
} catch (final LinkageError e) {
LOGGER.info("Plugin [{}] could not be loaded due to linkage error.", className, e);
}
}
}
final long endTime = System.nanoTime();
final DecimalFormat numFormat = new DecimalFormat("#0.000000");
final double seconds = (endTime - startTime) * 1e-9;
LOGGER.debug("Took {} seconds to load {} plugins from {}",
numFormat.format(seconds), pluginCount, loader);
return newPluginsByCategory;
}
可以发现加载时候是从一个文件（PLUGIN_CACHE_FILE）获取所有要获取的plugin。看到这里的时候我有一个疑惑就是，为什么不用反射的方式直接去扫描，而是要从文件中加载进来，而且文件是写死的，很不容易扩展啊。然后我找了一下PLUGIN_CACHE_FILE这个静态变量的用处，发现了PluginProcessor这个类，这里用到了 注解处理器 。
/**
* Annotation processor for pre-scanning Log4j 2 plugins.
*/
@SupportedAnnotationTypes("org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.*")
public class PluginProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
// TODO: this could be made more abstract to allow for compile-time and run-time plugin processing
/**
* The location of the plugin cache data file. This file is written to by this processor, and read from by
* {@link org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.util.PluginManager}.
*/
public static final String PLUGIN_CACHE_FILE =
"META-INF/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/config/plugins/Log4j2Plugins.dat";
private final PluginCache pluginCache = new PluginCache();
@Override
public boolean process(final Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, final RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
System.out.println("Processing annotations");
try {
final Set<? extends Element> elements = roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith(Plugin.class);
if (elements.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("No elements to process");
return false;
}
collectPlugins(elements);
writeCacheFile(elements.toArray(new Element[elements.size()]));
System.out.println("Annotations processed");
return true;
} catch (final IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
error(e.getMessage());
return false;
} catch (final Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
error(ex.getMessage());
return false;
}
}
}
（不太重要的方法省略）
我们可以看到在process方法中，PluginProcessor会先收集所有的Plugin，然后在写入文件。这样做的好处就是可以省去反射时候的开销。
然后我又看了一下Plugin这个注解，发现它的RetentionPolicy是RUNTIME，一般来说PluginProcessor是搭配RetentionPolicy.SOURCE，CLASS使用的，而且既然你把自己的Plugin扫描之后写在文件中了，RetentionPolicy就没有必要是RUNTIME了吧，这个是一个很奇怪的地方。
小结
总算是把Log4j2的代码看完了，发现它的设计理念很值得借鉴，为了灵活性，所有的东西都设计成插件式。互联网技术日益发展，各种中间件层出不穷，而作为工程师的我们更需要做的是去思考代码与代码之间的关系，毫无疑问的是，解耦是最具有美感的关系。
作者：netflix
原文链接
本文为云栖社区原创内容，未经允许不得转载。
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文章和留言都翻到11页了 没有OOM
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朋友，翻页到11页，及以后，会出现OOM，无法访问
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版本号是多少，你可以下载哪个代码仓库，jdk选1.8 直接跑就行
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