Spring Boot 作为目前最流行的Java开发框架,秉承“约定优于配置”原则,大大简化了 Spring MVC 繁琐的 XML 文件配置,基本实现零配置启动项目。
本文基于 Spring Boot 2.1.0.RELEASE 版本了解 Spring Boot 如何启动
首先让我们看一下最简单的 Spring Boot 启动代码
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
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每一个使用过 Spring Boot 的同学对于上面的代码应该都非常熟悉了,通过这段代码即可启动 Spring Boot 应用。那么 SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args) 内部到底做了什么事情呢?
在查看具体代码之前,我们先了解一下 SpringApplication 内部大概的执行流程,如下图
从上图中可以看出 run() 是整个应用的入口,接着初始化 SpringApplicationRunListener , Environment 等实例,然后创建应用上下文对象,“准备”并“刷新”上下文,到这里 Spring 容器已基本启动完成,最后发送事件通知各个组件作出相应动作。
在了解完大概的流程之后,下面开始深入源码分析 Spring Boot 具体的启动过程,首先进入入口方法 run
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
// ...
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StopWatch 主要是用来统计每项任务执行时长,例如 Spring Boot 启动占用总时长。
Started DemoApplication in 4.241 seconds (JVM running for 5.987)
getRunListeners() 完成了 SpringApplicationRunListener 实例化工作,如何完成的呢?进入方法内部查看
private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger, getSpringFactoriesInstances(
SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
}
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SpringApplicationRunListeners 和 SpringApplicationRunListener 不是同一个类,它们名称非常相似
查看 SpringApplicationRunListeners 源码
SpringApplicationRunListeners(Log log,
Collection<? extends SpringApplicationRunListener> listeners) {
this.log = log;
this.listeners = new ArrayList<>(listeners);
}
public void starting() {
for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners {
listener.starting();
}
}
public void environmentPrepared() {
// ....
}
public void contextPrepared() {
// ....
}
public void contextLoaded() {
// ....
}
public void started() {
// ....
}
public void running() {
// ....
}
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它是 SpringApplicationRunListener 的一个集合
观察 SpringApplicationRunListeners 所有方法,可以看出,它实际是一个用来发送 SpringApplicationRunListener 相关事件的工具类
接着继续观察 getSpringFactoriesInstances 源码,看它是如何实例化对象的(此方法后续多处使用)
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstance(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
// 加载对象名称
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type,classLoader));
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type parameterTypes,
classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
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这里通过 SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 获取 type 对应的 FactoryNames ,不明白有什么用处?进入方法内部查看
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?>factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefaul(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList());
}
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继续进入 loadSpringFactories 方法内部
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION ="META-INF/spring.factories";
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactorie(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.ge(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
try {
// 获取 META-INF/spring.factories 对应的资源
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
classLoader.getResource(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
// 读取文件内容
Properties properties =PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySe()) {
String factoryClassName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
for (String factoryName :StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(String) entry.getValue())) {
// 获取 factoryClassName 对应的多个valu(多个value用逗号分隔)
result.add(factoryClassName,factoryName.trim());
}
}
}
// 缓存已经读取到的内容
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to loadfactories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}
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看到这里可能会疑惑 META-INF/spring.factories 文件在哪里?文件里面有什么内容?
其实这个文件存放在 Spring Boot 和 Spring Boot autoconfigure 的jar包内部(有兴趣的同学可以自行下载jar包并解压查看), Spring Boot 中的文件内容如下:
# 完整内容请查看原文件 # Run Listeners org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=/ org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener # Application Listeners org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=/ org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener 复制代码
可以看到 SpringApplicationRunListener 对应的值是 EventPublishingRunListener
回到 SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法内部,可以发现方法获取的值实际上是 factoryClass 在 META-INF/spring.factories 中对应的实现类的集合
明白这个方法之后,再回到 getSpringFactoriesInstances 方法
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstance(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
// 获取 SpringApplicationRunListener 对应的实现类的名称集合
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type,classLoader));
// 通过反射实例化对象
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type parameterTypes,
classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
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到此为止 getRunListeners 完成了 SpringApplicationRunListener 对应实现类的实例化,并回调其 starting 方法
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); 复制代码
从上面分析得知,实际上调用的是 EventPublishingRunListener 的 starting 方法,那么方法内部做了什么呢?
public void starting() {
this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(
new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application,this.args));
}
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发送了一个 ApplicationStartingEvent 事件
继续查找 ApplicationStartingEvent 事件的消费者,从 spring.factories 中可以找到所有预定义的事件消费者
# Application Listeners org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=/ org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,/ org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener 复制代码
# Application Listeners org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer 复制代码
接下来要做的就是从这些消费者中找出 ApplicationStartingEvent 事件的消费者(查找过程省略),找到以下两个消费者
LoggingApplicationListener 初始化日志系统
LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener (参数liquibase.servicelocator.ServiceLocator)如果存在,则使用springboot相关的版本进行替代
了解完 ApplicationStartingEvent 事件之后,回到 run 方法继续往下探究 prepareEnvironment
private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
// 创建Environment对象
ConfigurableEnvironment environment =getOrCreateEnvironment();
configureEnvironment(environment,applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
// 发布ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件
listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
bindToSpringApplication(environment);
if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
environment = new EnvironmentConverte(getClassLoader())
.convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,deduceEnvironmentClass());
}
ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
return environment;
}
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这里又发布了一个 ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent 事件,继续查找事件监听对象
Spring
private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> postProcessors =loadPostProcessors();
postProcessors.add(this);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(postProcessors);
for (EnvironmentPostProcessor postProcessor :postProcessors) {
postProcessor.postProcessEnvironmen(event.getEnvironment(),
event.getSpringApplication());
}
}
List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> loadPostProcessors() {
return SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactorie(EnvironmentPostProcessor.class,
getClass().getClassLoader());
}
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通过 spring.factories ,可以看到这里加载以下 EnvironmentPostProcessor 对象
很多同学可能会疑问 ConfigFileApplicationListener 并不存在 spring.factories 文件中,这里为什么会有它呢?
实际上 ConfigFileApplicationListener 在 onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent 方法中,将自身添加到 EnvironmentPostProcessor 对象列表中。
我们主要关注 ConfigFileApplicationListener 的 postProcessEnvironment 方法
public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironmentenvironment,
SpringApplication application) {
addPropertySources(environment,application.getResourceLoader());
}
protected void addPropertySources(ConfigurableEnvironmentenvironment,
ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
RandomValuePropertySource.addToEnvironment(environment);
// 读取applicaiton.yml, application.properties等配置文件
new Loader(environment, resourceLoader).load();
}
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ConfigFileApplicationListener 监听到 ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent 事件之后开始读取本地配置文件
关于 Spring 如何读取本地配置文件,请前往 Spring Boot源码分析-配置文件加载原理
创建 ApplicationContext 对象
protected ConfigurableApplicationContextcreateApplicationContext() {
Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
if (contextClass == null) {
try {
// 根据webApplicationType创建对应上下文对象
switch (this.webApplicationType) {
case SERVLET:
contextClass = Class.forNam(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
case REACTIVE:
contextClass = Class.forNam(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
default:
contextClass = Class.forNam(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable create a defaultApplicationContext, "
+ "please specify anApplicationContextClass",
ex);
}
}
return (ConfigurableApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
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这里是根据 webApplicationType 决定创建什么类型的 ApplicationContext 对象,那么 webApplicationType 是何时赋值的呢?
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader,Class<?>... primarySources) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must notbe null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asLis(primarySources));
// 初始化webApplicationType
this.webApplicationType =WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstance(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstance(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(;
}
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从上面可以看出是通过 WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath 方法初始化的 webApplicationType ,继续跟踪代码
private static final String WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org."
+ "springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler";
private static final String WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org.springframework."
+ "web.servlet.DispatcherServlet";
private static final String JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer";
private static final String[] SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
"org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };
static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
if (ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS null)) {
return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
}
for (String className : SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES) {
if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
return WebApplicationType.NONE;
}
}
return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
}
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从上面代码中可以看出 Spring 是通过当前 classpath 下是否存在相应的类,从而决定 webApplicationType 类型
初始化 ApplicationContext 对象
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContextcontext,
ConfigurableEnvironment environment,SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, BannerprintedBanner) {
// 初始化context
context.setEnvironment(environment);
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
applyInitializers(context);
// 发送ApplicationContextInitializedEvent消息
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory =context.getBeanFactory();
beanFactory.registerSingleto("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner",printedBanner);
}
if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverridin(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
}
Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
// 注册DemoApplication
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}
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这里注册了 DemoApplication 到 Spring 容器中,为后续bean扫描做准备
接下来继续深入 refreshContext 方法,可以发现实际上是执行了 AbstractApplicationContext.refresh 方法
public void refresh() throws BeansException,IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
prepareRefresh();
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory =obtainFreshBeanFactory();
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// 完成bean的加载
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
initMessageSource();
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
onRefresh();
registerListeners();
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered duringcontext initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex;
}
destroyBeans();
cancelRefresh(ex);
throw ex;
}
finally {
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
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refresh 方法内部做了很多事情。比如:完成 BeanFactory 设置, BeanFactoryPostProcessor 、 BeanPostProcessor 接口回调, Bean 加载,国际化配置等。
到此为止 Spring 基本完成了容器的初始化工作,最后在调用 callRunners 方法,执行 ApplicationRunner 、 CommandLineRunner 接口。
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context,ApplicationArguments args) {
List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfTyp(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfTyp(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
}
if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
}
}
}
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整个启动过程的核心方法是 refresh ,此方法内部承载大部分容器启动所需的工作。由于篇幅原因,后续再进行 refresh 内部源码分析,了解 Spring Boot 加载 Bean 的整个过程。