在研究源码之前,先来回顾以下springmvc 是如何配置的,这将能使我们更容易理解源码。
<servlet> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 配置springMVC需要加载的配置文件 spring-dao.xml,spring-service.xml,spring-web.xml Mybatis - > spring -> springmvc --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <!-- 默认匹配所有的请求 --> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> 复制代码
值的注意的是 contextConfigLocation
和 DispatcherServlet
(用此类来拦截请求)的引用和配置。
<!-- 配置SpringMVC --> <!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解模式 --> <!-- 简化配置: (1)自动注册DefaultAnootationHandlerMapping,AnotationMethodHandlerAdapter (2)提供一些列:数据绑定,数字和日期的format @NumberFormat, @DateTimeFormat, xml,json默认读写支持 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置 (1)加入对静态资源的处理:js,gif,png (2)允许使用"/"做整体映射 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> <!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.fantj.web" /> 复制代码
值的注意的是 InternalResourceViewResolver
,它会在 ModelAndView
返回的试图名前面加上 prefix
前缀,在后面加载 suffix
指定后缀。
引用《Spring in Action》中的一张图来更好的了解执行过程:
上图流程总体来说可分为三大块:
Map<url,Controller>
的建立(并放入 WebApplicationContext
) HttpRequest
请求中Url的请求拦截处理(DispatchServlet处理) Controller
中对应的处理方法,并返回视图 本文将围绕这三块进行分析。
在容器初始化时会建立所有 url 和 Controller 的对应关系,保存到 Map<url,Controller>中,那是如何保存的呢。
// 初始化ApplicationContext @Override public void initApplicationContext() throws ApplicationContextException { super.initApplicationContext(); detectHandlers(); } 复制代码
/** * 建立当前ApplicationContext 中的 所有Controller 和url 的对应关系 * Register all handlers found in the current ApplicationContext. * <p>The actual URL determination for a handler is up to the concrete * {@link #determineUrlsForHandler(String)} implementation. A bean for * which no such URLs could be determined is simply not considered a handler. * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException if the handler couldn't be registered * @see #determineUrlsForHandler(String) */ protected void detectHandlers() throws BeansException { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Looking for URL mappings in application context: " + getApplicationContext()); } // 获取容器中的beanNames String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlersInAncestorContexts ? BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) : getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class)); // 遍历 beanNames 并找到对应的 url // Take any bean name that we can determine URLs for. for (String beanName : beanNames) { // 获取bean上的url(class上的url + method 上的 url) String[] urls = determineUrlsForHandler(beanName); if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urls)) { // URL paths found: Let's consider it a handler. // 保存url 和 beanName 的对应关系 registerHandler(urls, beanName); } else { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Rejected bean name '" + beanName + "': no URL paths identified"); } } } } 复制代码
该方法在不同的子类有不同的实现,我这里分析的是 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
类的实现,该类主要负责处理 @RequestMapping
注解形式的声明。
/** * 获取@RequestMaping注解中的url * Checks for presence of the {@link org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping} * annotation on the handler class and on any of its methods. */ @Override protected String[] determineUrlsForHandler(String beanName) { ApplicationContext context = getApplicationContext(); Class<?> handlerType = context.getType(beanName); // 获取beanName 上的requestMapping RequestMapping mapping = context.findAnnotationOnBean(beanName, RequestMapping.class); if (mapping != null) { // 类上面有@RequestMapping 注解 this.cachedMappings.put(handlerType, mapping); Set<String> urls = new LinkedHashSet<String>(); // mapping.value()就是获取@RequestMapping注解的value值 String[] typeLevelPatterns = mapping.value(); if (typeLevelPatterns.length > 0) { // 获取Controller 方法上的@RequestMapping String[] methodLevelPatterns = determineUrlsForHandlerMethods(handlerType); for (String typeLevelPattern : typeLevelPatterns) { if (!typeLevelPattern.startsWith("/")) { typeLevelPattern = "/" + typeLevelPattern; } for (String methodLevelPattern : methodLevelPatterns) { // controller的映射url+方法映射的url String combinedPattern = getPathMatcher().combine(typeLevelPattern, methodLevelPattern); // 保存到set集合中 addUrlsForPath(urls, combinedPattern); } addUrlsForPath(urls, typeLevelPattern); } // 以数组形式返回controller上的所有url return StringUtils.toStringArray(urls); } else { // controller上的@RequestMapping映射url为空串,直接找方法的映射url return determineUrlsForHandlerMethods(handlerType); } } // controller上没@RequestMapping注解 else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(handlerType, Controller.class) != null) { // 获取controller中方法上的映射url return determineUrlsForHandlerMethods(handlerType); } else { return null; } } 复制代码
更深的细节代码就比较简单了,有兴趣的可以继续深入。
到这里,Controller和Url的映射就装配完成,下来就分析请求的处理过程。
我们在xml中配置了 DispatcherServlet
为调度器,所以我们就来看它的代码,可以 从名字上看出它是个 Servlet
,那么它的核心方法就是 doService()
/** * 将DispatcherServlet特定的请求属性和委托 公开给{@link #doDispatch}以进行实际调度。 * Exposes the DispatcherServlet-specific request attributes and delegates to {@link #doDispatch} * for the actual dispatching. */ @Override protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { String requestUri = new UrlPathHelper().getRequestUri(request); logger.debug("DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "' processing " + request.getMethod() + " request for [" + requestUri + "]"); } //在包含request的情况下保留请求属性的快照, //能够在include之后恢复原始属性。 Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null; if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) { logger.debug("Taking snapshot of request attributes before include"); attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<String, Object>(); Enumeration attrNames = request.getAttributeNames(); while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) { String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement(); if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith("org.springframework.web.servlet")) { attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName)); } } } // 使得request对象能供 handler处理和view处理 使用 request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext()); request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource()); try { doDispatch(request, response); } finally { // 如果不为空,则还原原始属性快照。 if (attributesSnapshot != null) { restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot); } } } 复制代码
可以看到,它将请求拿到后,主要是给request设置了一些对象,以便于后续工作的处理(Handler处理和view处理)。比如 WebApplicationContext
,它里面就包含了我们在第一步完成的 controller
与 url
映射的信息。
/** * 控制请求转发 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler. * <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order. * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters * to find the first that supports the handler class. * <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable. * @param request current HTTP request * @param response current HTTP response * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure */ protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; int interceptorIndex = -1; try { ModelAndView mv; boolean errorView = false; try { // 1. 检查是否是上传文件 processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); // Determine handler for the current request. // 2. 获取handler处理器,返回的mappedHandler封装了handlers和interceptors mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest, false); if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { // 返回404 noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Apply preHandle methods of registered interceptors. // 获取HandlerInterceptor的预处理方法 HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors(); if (interceptors != null) { for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) { HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i]; if (!interceptor.preHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler())) { triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null); return; } interceptorIndex = i; } } // Actually invoke the handler. // 3. 获取handler适配器 Adapter HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // 4. 实际的处理器处理并返回 ModelAndView 对象 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); // Do we need view name translation? if (mv != null && !mv.hasView()) { mv.setViewName(getDefaultViewName(request)); } // HandlerInterceptor 后处理 if (interceptors != null) { for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i]; // 结束视图对象处理 interceptor.postHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), mv); } } } catch (ModelAndViewDefiningException ex) { logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", ex); mv = ex.getModelAndView(); } catch (Exception ex) { Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null); mv = processHandlerException(processedRequest, response, handler, ex); errorView = (mv != null); } // Did the handler return a view to render? if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { render(mv, processedRequest, response); if (errorView) { WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request); } } else { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling"); } } // Trigger after-completion for successful outcome. // 请求成功响应之后的方法 triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null); } catch (Exception ex) { // Trigger after-completion for thrown exception. triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, ex); throw ex; } catch (Error err) { ServletException ex = new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err); // Trigger after-completion for thrown exception. triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, ex); throw ex; } finally { // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. if (processedRequest != request) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } } 复制代码
该方法主要是
HandlerExecutionChain
, HandlerExecutionChain
对象里面包含了拦截器interceptor和处理器handler。如果获取到的对象是空,则交给 noHandlerFound
返回404页面。 下面是该方法中的一些核心细节:
DispatchServlet #doDispatch # noHandlerFound
核心源码:
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND); 复制代码
DispatchServlet #doDispatch #getHandler
方法事实上调用的是 AbstractHandlerMapping #getHandler
方法,我贴出一个核心的代码:
// 拿到处理对象 Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request); ... String handlerName = (String) handler; handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName); ... // 返回HandlerExecutionChain对象 return getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request); 复制代码
可以看到,它先从request里获取handler对象,这就证明了之前 DispatchServlet #doService
为什么要吧 WebApplicationContext
放入request请求对象中。
最终返回一个 HandlerExecutionChain
对象.
在上面的源码中,实际的处理器处理并返回 ModelAndView 对象调用的是 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
这个方法。该方法由 AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter #handle() #invokeHandlerMethod()
方法实现.
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter #handle() #invokeHandlerMethod()
/** * 获取处理请求的方法,执行并返回结果视图 */ protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { // 1.获取方法解析器 ServletHandlerMethodResolver methodResolver = getMethodResolver(handler); // 2.解析request中的url,获取处理request的方法 Method handlerMethod = methodResolver.resolveHandlerMethod(request); // 3. 方法调用器 ServletHandlerMethodInvoker methodInvoker = new ServletHandlerMethodInvoker(methodResolver); ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response); ExtendedModelMap implicitModel = new BindingAwareModelMap(); // 4.执行方法(获取方法的参数) Object result = methodInvoker.invokeHandlerMethod(handlerMethod, handler, webRequest, implicitModel); // 5. 封装成mv视图 ModelAndView mav = methodInvoker.getModelAndView(handlerMethod, handler.getClass(), result, implicitModel, webRequest); methodInvoker.updateModelAttributes(handler, (mav != null ? mav.getModel() : null), implicitModel, webRequest); return mav; } 复制代码
这个方法有两个重要的地方,分别是 resolveHandlerMethod
和 invokeHandlerMethod
。
methodResolver.resolveHandlerMethod(request)
:获取controller类和方法上的 @requestMapping value
,与request的url进行匹配,找到处理request的controller中的方法.最终拼接的具体实现是 org.springframework.util.AntPathMatcher#combine
方法。
从名字就能看出来它是基于反射,那它做了什么呢。
解析该方法上的参数,并调用该方法。
//上面全都是为解析方法上的参数做准备 ... // 解析该方法上的参数 Object[] args = resolveHandlerArguments(handlerMethodToInvoke, handler, webRequest, implicitModel); // 真正执行解析调用的方法 return doInvokeMethod(handlerMethodToInvoke, handler, args); 复制代码
代码有点长,我就简介下它做了什么事情吧。
HandlerMethodInvoker#resolveRequestParam
private Object doInvokeMethod(Method method, Object target, Object[] args) throws Exception { // 将一个方法设置为可调用,主要针对private方法 ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method); try { // 反射调用 return method.invoke(target, args); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { ReflectionUtils.rethrowException(ex.getTargetException()); } throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here"); } 复制代码
到这里,就可以对request请求中url对应的controller的某个对应方法进行调用了。
看完后脑子一定很乱,有时间的话还是需要自己动手调试一下。本文只是串一下整体思路,所以功能性的源码没有全部分析。
其实理解这些才是最重要的。
参考文献:
点击进入: