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服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

Netflix Eureka是由Netflix开源的一款基于REST的服务治理组件,包括Eureka Server及Eureka Client。由于种种原因,Eureka 2.x版本已经冻结开发,目前最新版本是2018年8月份发布的1.9.4版本。

1. 服务发现

1.1 Eureka简介

Eureka是Netflix公司提供的开源服务发现组件(现已闭源),最新版本是1.9.4,该组件提供的服务发现可以为负载均衡、failover等提供支持。Eureka包括Eureka Server和Eureka Client。Eureka Server提供REST服务,Eureka Clinet多数是使用Java编写的客户端(Eureka Client可以使用其他语言编写,比如Node.js或.NET),用于简化和Eureka Server的交互。

1.2 Eureka Server简单案例

所有工程使用Spring Cloud的新版Greenwich.SR1和Maven构建。

1.2.1 创建Spring Cloud Eureka Server工程

pom.xml内容如下:

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>watermelon.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-server</name>
    <description>Spring Cloud Eureka Server</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

Finchley版本之后,Eureka的depenecy片段稍微有点不同

<!-- 原版本 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    <!-- 新版本 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

1.2.2 开启EurekaServer支持

在启动类上加上@EnableEurekaServer注解。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

1.2.3 修改application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 1111
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
    server:
      waitTimeInMsWhenSyncEmpty: 0
      enableSelfPreservation: false

# 后面详细讲配置

1.2.4 编译、启动

浏览器访问 http://localhost :1111/出现如下页面就说明服务端简单案例构建成功。

服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

1.3 Eureka Client简单案例

1.3.1 创建Eureka Client工程

pom.xml内容如下:

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>watermelon.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-client</name>
    <description>Spring Cloud Eureka Client</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

1.3.2 启动类启用DiscoveryClient支持

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EurekaClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
    }

}

1.3.3 修改applicaiton.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 2222
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-client # 如果不配置name属性,在注册中心的实例名都将是UNKNOWN
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:1111/eureka/ # 服务注册中心地址

1.3.4 HelloController简单打印输出

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class HelloController {

    private final DiscoveryClient client;

    @Autowired
    public HelloController(DiscoveryClient client) {
        this.client = client;
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String sayHello() {
        List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances = client.getInstances("eureka-client");
        serviceInstances.forEach(serviceInstance -> {
            log.info("Host: {}, Port: {}", serviceInstance.getHost(), serviceInstance.getPort());
            log.info("serviceId: {}, InstanceId: {}", serviceInstance.getServiceId(), serviceInstance.getInstanceId());
        });
        return "Hello, Spring Cloud Eureka. - " + LocalDateTime.now().toString();
    }
}

先启动Eureka Server,再启动Eureka Client,测试

访问 http://localhost :111/eureka/,如果Server和Client都启动成功并且配置正确的情况将会如下情况。

服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

访问 http://localhost :2222/hello/,会出现文字信息和日志输出。

服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

简单的入门案例就此搭建结束,虽然没实现什么功能,但是我们可以从服务注册中心观察到可用的Eureka Client实例,和在日志中打印服务实例的一些简短信息。

1.4 Eureka Server的REST API

Eureka 在 GitHub 的 wiki 上专门写了一篇 《 Eureka REST operations》 来介绍 Eureka Server 的 REST API 接口,Spring Cloud Netfix Eureka 跟 Spring Boot 适配之后,提供的 REST API 与原始的 REST API 有一点点不同,其路径中的 {version} 值固定为 eureka,其他的变化不大.

服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

以下简单演示apps的REST端点:访问 http://localhost :1111/eureka/apps,会得到以下返结果。

<applications>
    <versions__delta>1</versions__delta>
    <apps__hashcode>UP_1_</apps__hashcode>
    <application>
        <name>EUREKA-CLIENT</name>
        <instance>
            <instanceId>localhost:eureka-client:2222</instanceId>
            <hostName>localhost</hostName>
            <app>EUREKA-CLIENT</app>
            <ipAddr>192.168.91.1</ipAddr>
            <status>UP</status>
            <overriddenstatus>UNKNOWN</overriddenstatus>
            <port enabled="true">2222</port>
            <securePort enabled="false">443</securePort>
            <countryId>1</countryId>
            <dataCenterInfo class="com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo$DefaultDataCenterInfo">
                <name>MyOwn</name>
            </dataCenterInfo>
            <leaseInfo>
                <renewalIntervalInSecs>30</renewalIntervalInSecs>
                <durationInSecs>90</durationInSecs>
                <registrationTimestamp>1557113978372</registrationTimestamp>
                <lastRenewalTimestamp>1557114128293</lastRenewalTimestamp>
                <evictionTimestamp>0</evictionTimestamp>
                <serviceUpTimestamp>1557113978373</serviceUpTimestamp>
            </leaseInfo>
            <metadata>
                <management.port>2222</management.port>
            </metadata>
            <homePageUrl>http://localhost:2222/</homePageUrl>
            <statusPageUrl>http://localhost:2222/actuator/info</statusPageUrl>
            <healthCheckUrl>http://localhost:2222/actuator/health</healthCheckUrl>
            <vipAddress>eureka-client</vipAddress>
            <secureVipAddress>eureka-client</secureVipAddress>
            <isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer>false</isCoordinatingDiscoveryServer>
            <lastUpdatedTimestamp>1557113978373</lastUpdatedTimestamp>
            <lastDirtyTimestamp>1557113978278</lastDirtyTimestamp>
            <actionType>ADDED</actionType>
        </instance>
    </application>
</applications>

文末提供一些,服务发现选型对比,下篇文章介绍Eureka的核心类及其内容。

2. 服务发现选型

服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

其中比较受众关注的就是Eureka和Consul这两款产品,这两款产品各有所长,各有所适,开发者可用按需选择。

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服务治理:Spring Cloud Eureka(上)

原文  https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000019084074
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