jdk1.8:Spring Boot 推荐jdk1.7及以上;java version "1.8.0_112"
maven3.x:maven 3.3以上版本;Apache Maven 3.3.9
IntelliJIDEA2017:IntelliJ IDEA 2017.2.2 x64、STS
SpringBoot 1.5.9.RELEASE:1.5.9;
给maven 的settings.xml配置文件的profiles标签添加
<profile> <id>jdk-1.8</id> <activation> <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault> <jdk>1.8</jdk> </activation> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion> </properties> </profile> 复制代码
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> 复制代码
/** * @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用 */ @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { // Spring应用启动起来 SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); } } 复制代码
@Controller public class HelloController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "Hello World!"; } } 复制代码
<!-- 这个插件,可以将应用打包成一个可执行的jar包;--> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> 复制代码
将这个应用打成jar包,直接使用java -jar的命令进行执行;
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> </parent> 他的父项目是 <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath> </parent> 他来真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖版本; 复制代码
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> 复制代码
spring-boot-starter-web:
/** * @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用 */ @SpringBootApplication public class HelloWorldMainApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { // Spring应用启动起来 SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args); } } 复制代码
@ SpringBootApplication : Spring Boot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用;
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication { 复制代码
@ SpringBootConfiguration :Spring Boot的配置类;
标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类;
@ Configuration :配置类上来标注这个注解;
配置类 ----- 配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件;@Component
@ EnableAutoConfiguration :开启自动配置功能;
以前我们需要配置的东西,Spring Boot帮我们自动配置;@ EnableAutoConfiguration 告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能;这样自动配置才能生效;
@AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { 复制代码
@ AutoConfigurationPackage :自动配置包
@ Import (AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
Spring的底层注解@Import,给容器中导入一个组件;导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class;将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器;
@ Import (EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class);
给容器中导入组件?
EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector :导入哪些组件的选择器;
将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回;这些组件就会被添加到容器中;
会给容器中导入非常多的自动配置类(xxxAutoConfiguration);就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件;
有了自动配置类,免去了我们手动编写配置注入功能组件等的工作;
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(EnableAutoConfiguration.class,classLoader);
IDE都支持使用Spring的项目创建向导快速创建一个Spring Boot项目;
选择我们需要的模块;向导会联网创建Spring Boot项目;
默认生成的Spring Boot项目;
SpringBoot使用一个全局的配置文件,配置文件名是固定的;
•application.properties
•application.yml
k:(空格)v :表示一对键值对(空格必须有);
以 空格 的缩进来控制层级关系;只要是左对齐的一列数据,都是同一个层级的
server: port: 8081 path: /hello 复制代码
属性和值是大小写敏感的
k: v:字面直接来写;
字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号;
"":双引号;不会转义字符串里面的特殊字符;特殊字符会作为本身想表示的意思
'':单引号;会转义特殊字符,特殊字符最终只是一个普通的字符串数据
k: v:在下一行来写对象的属性和值的关系;注意缩进
对象还是k: v的方式
friends: lastName: zhangsan age: 20 复制代码
行内写法:
friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 18} 复制代码
用- 值表示数组中的一个元素
pets: - cat - dog - pig 复制代码
行内写法
pets: [cat,dog,pig] 复制代码
配置文件
person: lastName: hello age: 18 boss: false birth: 2017/12/12 maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12} lists: - lisi - zhaoliu dog: name: 小狗 age: 12 复制代码
javaBean:
/** * 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值,映射到这个组件中 * @ConfigurationProperties:告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定; * prefix = "person":配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性进行一一映射 * * 只有这个组件是容器中的组件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能; * */ @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") public class Person { private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog; 复制代码
我们可以导入配置文件处理器,以后编写配置就有提示了
<!--导入配置文件处理器,配置文件进行绑定就会有提示--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> 复制代码
调整
@ConfigurationProperties | @Value | |
---|---|---|
功能 | 批量注入配置文件中的属性 | 一个个指定 |
松散绑定(松散语法) | 支持 | 不支持 |
SpEL | 不支持 | 支持 |
JSR303数据校验 | 支持 | 不支持 |
复杂类型封装 | 支持 | 不支持 |
配置文件yml还是properties他们都能获取到值;
如果说,我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值,使用@Value;
如果说,我们专门编写了一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射,我们就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties;
@Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") @Validated public class Person { /** * <bean class="Person"> * <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}从环境变量、配置文件中获取值/#{SpEL}"></property> * <bean/> */ //lastName必须是邮箱格式 @Email //@Value("${person.last-name}") private String lastName; //@Value("#{11*2}") private Integer age; //@Value("true") private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog; 复制代码
@ PropertySource :加载指定的配置文件;
/** * 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值,映射到这个组件中 * @ConfigurationProperties:告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定; * prefix = "person":配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性进行一一映射 * * 只有这个组件是容器中的组件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能; * @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")默认从全局配置文件中获取值; * */ @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"}) @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") //@Validated public class Person { /** * <bean class="Person"> * <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}从环境变量、配置文件中获取值/#{SpEL}"></property> * <bean/> */ //lastName必须是邮箱格式 // @Email //@Value("${person.last-name}") private String lastName; //@Value("#{11*2}") private Integer age; //@Value("true") private Boolean boss; 复制代码
@ ImportResource :导入Spring的配置文件,让配置文件里面的内容生效;
Spring Boot里面没有Spring的配置文件,我们自己编写的配置文件,也不能自动识别;
想让Spring的配置文件生效,加载进来;@ ImportResource 标注在一个配置类上
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"}) 导入Spring的配置文件让其生效 复制代码
不来编写Spring的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="helloService" class="com.atguigu.springboot.service.HelloService"></bean> </beans> 复制代码
SpringBoot推荐给容器中添加组件的方式;推荐使用全注解的方式
1、配置类 @Configuration ------>Spring配置文件
2、使用 @Bean 给容器中添加组件
/** * @Configuration:指明当前类是一个配置类;就是来替代之前的Spring配置文件 * * 在配置文件中用<bean><bean/>标签添加组件 * */ @Configuration public class MyAppConfig { //将方法的返回值添加到容器中;容器中这个组件默认的id就是方法名 @Bean public HelloService helloService02(){ System.out.println("配置类@Bean给容器中添加组件了..."); return new HelloService(); } } 复制代码
${random.value}、${random.int}、${random.long} ${random.int(10)}、${random.int[1024,65536]} 复制代码
person.last-name=张三${random.uuid} person.age=${random.int} person.birth=2017/12/15 person.boss=false person.maps.k1=v1 person.maps.k2=14 person.lists=a,b,c person.dog.name=${person.hello:hello}_dog person.dog.age=15 复制代码
我们在主配置文件编写的时候,文件名可以是 application-{profile}.properties/yml
默认使用application.properties的配置;
server: port: 8081 spring: profiles: active: prod --- server: port: 8083 spring: profiles: dev --- server: port: 8084 spring: profiles: prod #指定属于哪个环境 复制代码
1、在配置文件中指定 spring.profiles.active=dev
2、命令行:
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev;
可以直接在测试的时候,配置传入命令行参数
3、虚拟机参数;
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev
springboot 启动会扫描以下位置的application.properties或者application.yml文件作为Spring boot的默认配置文件
–file:./config/
–file:./
–classpath:/config/
–classpath:/
优先级由高到底,高优先级的配置会覆盖低优先级的配置;
SpringBoot会从这四个位置全部加载主配置文件; 互补配置 ;
我们还可以通过spring.config.location来改变默认的配置文件位置
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.config.location=G:/application.properties
SpringBoot也可以从以下位置加载配置; 优先级从高到低;高优先级的配置覆盖低优先级的配置,所有的配置会形成互补配置
所有的配置都可以在命令行上进行指定
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8087 --server.context-path=/abc
多个配置用空格分开; --配置项=值
由jar包外向jar包内进行寻找;
优先加载带profile
再来加载不带profile
所有支持的配置加载来源;
参考官方文档
配置文件到底能写什么?怎么写?自动配置原理;
配置文件能配置的属性参照
1)SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类,开启了自动配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件?
可以查看selectImports()方法的内容;
List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);获取候选的配置
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames() 扫描所有jar包类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象 从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类(类名)对应的值,然后把他们添加在容器中 复制代码
# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,/ ... 复制代码
每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件,都加入到容器中;用他们来做自动配置;
3)每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能;
4)以 HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(Http编码自动配置) 为例解释自动配置原理;
@Configuration //表示这是一个配置类,以前编写的配置文件一样,也可以给容器中添加组件 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能;将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来;并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中 @ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层@Conditional注解(Spring注解版),根据不同的条件,如果满足指定的条件,整个配置类里面的配置就会生效; 判断当前应用是否是web应用,如果是,当前配置类生效 @ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter;SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器; @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) //判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled;如果不存在,判断也是成立的 //即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true,也是默认生效的; public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration { //他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了 private final HttpEncodingProperties properties; //只有一个有参构造器的情况下,参数的值就会从容器中拿 public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) { this.properties = properties; } @Bean //给容器中添加一个组件,这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断容器没有这个组件? public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name()); filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST)); filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE)); return filter; } 复制代码
根据当前不同的条件判断,决定这个配置类是否生效?
一但这个配置类生效;这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件;这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的,这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的;
5)所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者‘;配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding") //从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定 public class HttpEncodingProperties { public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); 复制代码
xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自动配置类;
给容器中添加组件
xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性;
作用:必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立,才给容器中添加组件,配置配里面的所有内容才生效;
@Conditional扩展注解 | 作用(判断是否满足当前指定条件) |
---|---|
@ConditionalOnJava | 系统的java版本是否符合要求 |
@ConditionalOnBean | 容器中存在指定Bean; |
@ConditionalOnMissingBean | 容器中不存在指定Bean; |
@ConditionalOnExpression | 满足SpEL表达式指定 |
@ConditionalOnClass | 系统中有指定的类 |
@ConditionalOnMissingClass | 系统中没有指定的类 |
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 容器中只有一个指定的Bean,或者这个Bean是首选Bean |
@ConditionalOnProperty | 系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值 |
@ConditionalOnResource | 类路径下是否存在指定资源文件 |
@ConditionalOnWebApplication | 当前是web环境 |
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | 当前不是web环境 |
@ConditionalOnJndi | JNDI存在指定项 |
我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效;
我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性;来让控制台打印自动配置报告,这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效;
========================= AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT ========================= Positive matches:(自动配置类启用的) ----------------- DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition) - @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition) Negative matches:(没有启动,没有匹配成功的自动配置类) ----------------- ActiveMQAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition) AopAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition) 复制代码
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware { //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等 复制代码
WebMvcAuotConfiguration: @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled"); return; } Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**") .addResourceLocations( "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/") .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); //静态资源文件夹映射 if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } } //配置欢迎页映射 @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); } //配置喜欢的图标 @Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) public static class FaviconConfiguration { private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties; public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties; } @Bean public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() { SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping(); mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1); //所有 **/favicon.ico mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", faviconRequestHandler())); return mapping; } @Bean public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() { ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler(); requestHandler .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()); return requestHandler; } } 复制代码
1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可 <dependency> <groupId>org.webjars</groupId> <artifactId>jquery</artifactId> <version>3.3.1</version> </dependency> 复制代码
2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" "/":当前项目的根路径 复制代码
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> 2.1.6 </dependency> 切换thymeleaf版本 <properties> <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 --> <!-- thymeleaf2 layout1--> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> </properties> 复制代码
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html"); public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html"; // 复制代码
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
使用:
1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> 复制代码
2、使用thymeleaf语法;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>成功!</h1> <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 --> <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div> </body> </html> 复制代码
1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
2)、表达式?
Simple expressions:(表达式语法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL; 1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法 2)、使用内置的基本对象: #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. ${session.foo} 3)、内置的一些工具对象: #execInfo : information about the template being processed. #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax. #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any). #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc. #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects. #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects. #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc. #objects : methods for objects in general. #bools : methods for boolean evaluation. #arrays : methods for arrays. #lists : methods for lists. #sets : methods for sets. #maps : methods for maps. #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections. #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration). Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样; 补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}: <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL; @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式 <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div> Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操作) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(数学运算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations:(布尔运算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比较运算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符) If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No-Operation: _ 复制代码
docs.spring.io/spring-boot…
Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置: (WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
and BeanNameViewResolver
beans.
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
Static index.html
support. 静态首页访问
Custom Favicon
support (see below). favicon.ico
自动注册了 of Converter
, GenericConverter
, Formatter
beans.
Formatter
@Bean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则 public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() { return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件 } 复制代码
自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
Support for HttpMessageConverters
(see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json;
HttpMessageConverters
是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
==自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)==
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定义错误代码生成规则
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).
==我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)==
初始化WebDataBinder; 请求数据=====JavaBean; 复制代码
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/> <bean></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> 复制代码
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } } 复制代码
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import( EnableWebMvcConfiguration .class)
@Configuration public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite(); //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer @Autowired(required = false) public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用; @Override // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) { // delegate.addViewControllers(registry); // } } } } 复制代码
3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能 @EnableWebMvc @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } } 复制代码
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) public @interface EnableWebMvc { 复制代码
2)、
@Configuration public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { 复制代码
3)、
@Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class }) //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration { 复制代码
4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能 //@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用 @Bean //将组件注册在容器 public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){ WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login"); } }; return adapter; } } 复制代码
开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效
1)、禁用模板引擎的缓存
# 禁用缓存 spring.thymeleaf.cache=false 复制代码
2)、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;
登陆错误消息的显示
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p> 复制代码
拦截器
/** * 登陆检查, */ public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { //目标方法执行之前 @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser"); if(user == null){ //未登陆,返回登陆页面 request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆"); request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response); return false; }else{ //已登陆,放行请求 return true; } } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { } } 复制代码
注册拦截器
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用 @Bean //将组件注册在容器 public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){ WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard"); } //注册拦截器 @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { //super.addInterceptors(registry); //静态资源; *.css , *.js //SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射 registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login"); } }; return adapter; } 复制代码
实验要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作
普通CRUD(uri来区分操作) | RestfulCRUD | |
---|---|---|
查询 | getEmp | emp---GET |
添加 | addEmp?xxx | emp---POST |
修改 | updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx | emp/{id}---PUT |
删除 | deleteEmp?id=1 | emp/{id}---DELETE |
2)、实验的请求架构;
实验功能 | 请求URI | 请求方式 |
---|---|---|
查询所有员工 | emps | GET |
查询某个员工(来到修改页面) | emp/1 | GET |
来到添加页面 | emp | GET |
添加员工 | emp | POST |
来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显) | emp/1 | GET |
修改员工 | emp | PUT |
删除员工 | emp/1 | DELETE |
3)、员工列表:
1、抽取公共片段 <div th:fragment="copy"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div> 2、引入公共片段 <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div> ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器 ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名 3、默认效果: insert的公共片段在div标签中 如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}: 行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})]; 复制代码
三种引入公共片段的th属性:
th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中
<footer th:fragment="copy"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> 引入方式 <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div> <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div> <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div> 效果 <div> <footer> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> </div> <footer> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> <div> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div> 复制代码
引入片段的时候传入参数:
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-sticky"> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}" href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home"> <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path> <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline> </svg> Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span> </a> </li> <!--引入侧边栏;传入参数--> <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div> 复制代码
添加页面
<form> <div class="form-group"> <label>LastName</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Gender</label><br/> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"> <label class="form-check-label">男</label> </div> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"> <label class="form-check-label">女</label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>department</label> <select class="form-control"> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Birth</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button> </form> 复制代码
提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
2017-12-12---Date; 类型转换,格式化;
默认日期是按照/的方式;
修改添加二合一表单
<!--需要区分是员工修改还是添加;--> <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post"> <!--发送put请求修改员工数据--> <!-- 1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的) 2、页面创建一个post表单 3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式 --> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/> <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}"> <div class="form-group"> <label>LastName</label> <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email</label> <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Gender</label><br/> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}"> <label class="form-check-label">男</label> </div> <div class="form-check form-check-inline"> <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}"> <label class="form-check-label">女</label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>department</label> <!--提交的是部门的id--> <select class="form-control" name="department.id"> <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Birth</label> <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button> </form> 复制代码
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}"> <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td> <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td> <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td> <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td> <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td> <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td> <td> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a> <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除</button> </td> </tr> <script> $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){ //删除当前员工的 $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit(); return false; }); </script> 复制代码
默认效果:
1)、浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面
浏览器发送请求的请求头:
2)、如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据
原理:
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;
给容器中添加了以下组件 复制代码
1、DefaultErrorAttributes:
帮我们在页面共享信息; @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(); errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date()); addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); return errorAttributes; } 复制代码
2、BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求
@Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理 public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容 ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理; public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status); } 复制代码
3、ErrorPageCustomizer:
@Value("${error.path:/error}") private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则) 复制代码
4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
@Override public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404 String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; //模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析 TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext); if (provider != null) { //模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址 return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model); } //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html return resolveResource(errorViewName, model); } 复制代码
步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被 BasicErrorController 处理;
1)响应页面;去哪个页面是由 DefaultErrorViewResolver 解析得到的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); if (modelAndView != null) { return modelAndView; } } return null; } 复制代码
1)、有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);
页面能获取的信息;
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
2)、没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
3)、以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
1)、自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
@ControllerAdvice public class MyExceptionHandler { @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message",e.getMessage()); return map; } } //没有自适应效果... 复制代码
2)、转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); //传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程 /** * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code"); */ request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message",e.getMessage()); //转发到/error return "forward:/error"; } 复制代码
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes
//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes @Component public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes { @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); map.put("company","atguigu"); return map; } } 复制代码
最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,
SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;
1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
server.port=8081 server.context-path=/crud server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8 //通用的Servlet容器设置 server.xxx //Tomcat的设置 server.tomcat.xxx 复制代码
2、编写一个 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer :嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置
@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中 public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){ return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() { //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则 @Override public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { container.setPort(8083); } }; } 复制代码
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。
注册三大组件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
//注册三大组件 @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet"); return registrationBean; } 复制代码
FilterRegistrationBean
@Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){ FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter()); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet")); return registrationBean; } 复制代码
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){ ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener()); return registrationBean; } 复制代码
SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration( DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) { ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean( dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping()); //默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp //可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径 registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); registration.setLoadOnStartup( this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); if (this.multipartConfig != null) { registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig); } return registration; } 复制代码
2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;
3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器
默认支持:
Tomcat(默认使用)
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器; </dependency> 复制代码
Jetty
<!-- 引入web模块 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其他的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency> 复制代码
Undertow
<!-- 引入web模块 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其他的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency> 复制代码
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) //导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件 //导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor: //后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作 public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖; @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器 public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedUndertow { @Bean public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } 复制代码
1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory { //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器 EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers); } 复制代码
2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)
3)、以 TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 为例
@Override public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { //创建一个Tomcat Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); //配置Tomcat的基本环节 File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat")); tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath()); Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol); tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector); customizeConnector(connector); tomcat.setConnector(connector); tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false); configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()); for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) { tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector); } prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers); //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器 return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat); } 复制代码
4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?
ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer 复制代码
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎么修改的原理?
5)、容器中导入了 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
//初始化之前 @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件 if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) { // postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean); } return bean; } private void postProcessBeforeInitialization( ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) { //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值; for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) { customizer.customize(bean); } } private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() { if (this.customizers == null) { // Look up does not include the parent context this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>( this.beanFactory //从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer //定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件 .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class, false, false) .values()); Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers); } return this.customizers; } ServerProperties也是定制器 复制代码
步骤:
1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer ,调用定制器的定制方法
什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建 AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext ,否则: AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context); 刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " + "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); } // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } finally { // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore... resetCommonCaches(); } } } 复制代码
4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法
5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器; createEmbeddedServletContainer ();
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件; TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
7)、 使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器 :this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
优点:简单、便携;
缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;
1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> 复制代码
3)、必须编写一个 SpringBootServletInitializer 的子类,并调用configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) { //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序 return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class); } } 复制代码
4)、启动服务器就可以使用;
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器, 服务器启动SpringBoot应用 【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
规则:
1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名
3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
流程:
1)、启动Tomcat
2)、org/springframework/spring-web/4.3.14.RELEASE/spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!/META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模块里面有这个文件: org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;
5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法
6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext( ServletContext servletContext) { //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder(); StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment(); environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null); builder.environment(environment); builder.main(getClass()); ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext); if (parent != null) { this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent)."); servletContext.setAttribute( WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null); builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)); } builder.initializers( new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)); builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class); //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来 builder = configure(builder); //使用builder创建一个Spring应用 SpringApplication application = builder.build(); if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) { application.getSources().add(getClass()); } Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the " + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation"); // Ensure error pages are registered if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) { application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class); } //启动Spring应用 return run(application); } 复制代码
7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //刷新IOC容器 refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } } 复制代码
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> 复制代码
spring: datasource: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 复制代码
效果:
默认是用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源;
数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面;
自动配置原理:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc:
1、参考DataSourceConfiguration,根据配置创建数据源,默认使用Tomcat连接池;可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型;
2、SpringBoot默认可以支持;
org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource、HikariDataSource、BasicDataSource、 复制代码
3、自定义数据源类型
/** * Generic DataSource configuration. */ @ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class) @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type") static class Generic { @Bean public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) { //使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性 return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build(); } } 复制代码
作用:
1)、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句;
2)、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句;
默认只需要将文件命名为:
schema-*.sql、data-*.sql 默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql; 可以使用 schema: - classpath:department.sql 指定位置 复制代码
5、操作数据库:自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库
导入druid数据源 @Configuration public class DruidConfig { @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource") @Bean public DataSource druid(){ return new DruidDataSource(); } //配置Druid的监控 //1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*"); Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("loginUsername","admin"); initParams.put("loginPassword","123456"); initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问 initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21"); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); return bean; } //2、配置一个web监控的filter @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){ FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter()); Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>(); initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*"); bean.setInitParameters(initParams); bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*")); return bean; } } 复制代码
<dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> 复制代码
步骤:
1)、配置数据源相关属性(见上一节Druid)
2)、给数据库建表
3)、创建JavaBean
//指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper @Mapper public interface DepartmentMapper { @Select("select * from department where id=#{id}") public Department getDeptById(Integer id); @Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}") public int deleteDeptById(Integer id); @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id") @Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})") public int insertDept(Department department); @Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}") public int updateDept(Department department); } 复制代码
问题:
自定义MyBatis的配置规则;给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer;
@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration public class MyBatisConfig { @Bean public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){ return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){ @Override public void customize(Configuration configuration) { configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true); } }; } } 复制代码
使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口; @MapperScan(value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper") @SpringBootApplication public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args); } } 复制代码
mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置 mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置 复制代码
更多使用参照
www.mybatis.org/spring-boot…
JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping);
1)、编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系;
//使用JPA注解配置映射关系 @Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类) @Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user; public class User { @Id //这是一个主键 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键 private Integer id; @Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列 private String lastName; @Column //省略默认列名就是属性名 private String email; 复制代码
2)、编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository)
//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作 public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> { } 复制代码
3)、基本的配置JpaProperties
spring: jpa: hibernate: # 更新或者创建数据表结构 ddl-auto: update # 控制台显示SQL show-sql: true 复制代码
几个重要的事件回调机制
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
只需要放在ioc容器中
启动流程:
initialize(sources); private void initialize(Object[] sources) { //保存主配置类 if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) { this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources)); } //判断当前是否一个web应用 this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment(); //从类路径下找到META-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationContextInitializer;然后保存起来 setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances( ApplicationContextInitializer.class)); //从类路径下找到ETA-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationListener setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class)); //从多个配置类中找到有main方法的主配置类 this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(); } 复制代码
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); //获取SpringApplicationRunListeners;从类路径下META-INF/spring.factories SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); //回调所有的获取SpringApplicationRunListener.starting()方法 listeners.starting(); try { //封装命令行参数 ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); //准备环境 ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); //创建环境完成后回调SpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared();表示环境准备完成 Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); //创建ApplicationContext;决定创建web的ioc还是普通的ioc context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); //准备上下文环境;将environment保存到ioc中;而且applyInitializers(); //applyInitializers():回调之前保存的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法 //回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared(); // prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //prepareContext运行完成以后回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded(); //s刷新容器;ioc容器初始化(如果是web应用还会创建嵌入式的Tomcat);Spring注解版 //扫描,创建,加载所有组件的地方;(配置类,组件,自动配置) refreshContext(context); //从ioc容器中获取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner进行回调 //ApplicationRunner先回调,CommandLineRunner再回调 afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); //所有的SpringApplicationRunListener回调finished方法 listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } //整个SpringBoot应用启动完成以后返回启动的ioc容器; return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } } 复制代码
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> { @Override public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) { System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..."+applicationContext); } } 复制代码
public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener { //必须有的构造器 public HelloSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args){ } @Override public void starting() { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting..."); } @Override public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) { Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name"); System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared.."+o); } @Override public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared..."); } @Override public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded..."); } @Override public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) { System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...finished..."); } } 复制代码
配置(META-INF/spring.factories)
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=/ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=/ com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener 复制代码
只需要放在ioc容器中
@Component public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner { @Override public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run...."); } } 复制代码
@Component public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..."+ Arrays.asList(args)); } } 复制代码
starter:
1、这个场景需要使用到的依赖是什么?
2、如何编写自动配置
@Configuration //指定这个类是一个配置类 @ConditionalOnXXX //在指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效 @AutoConfigureAfter //指定自动配置类的顺序 @Bean //给容器中添加组件 @ConfigurationPropertie结合相关xxxProperties类来绑定相关的配置 @EnableConfigurationProperties //让xxxProperties生效加入到容器中 自动配置类要能加载 将需要启动就加载的自动配置类,配置在META-INF/spring.factories org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,/ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,/ 复制代码
3、模式:
启动器只用来做依赖导入;
专门来写一个自动配置模块;
启动器依赖自动配置;别人只需要引入启动器(starter)
mybatis-spring-boot-starter;自定义启动器名-spring-boot-starter
步骤:
1)、启动器模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId> <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!--启动器--> <dependencies> <!--引入自动配置模块--> <dependency> <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId> <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> 复制代码
2)、自动配置模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId> <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--引入spring-boot-starter;所有starter的基本配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> 复制代码
package com.atguigu.starter; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "atguigu.hello") public class HelloProperties { private String prefix; private String suffix; public String getPrefix() { return prefix; } public void setPrefix(String prefix) { this.prefix = prefix; } public String getSuffix() { return suffix; } public void setSuffix(String suffix) { this.suffix = suffix; } } 复制代码
package com.atguigu.starter; public class HelloService { HelloProperties helloProperties; public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() { return helloProperties; } public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) { this.helloProperties = helloProperties; } public String sayHellAtguigu(String name){ return helloProperties.getPrefix()+"-" +name + helloProperties.getSuffix(); } } 复制代码
package com.atguigu.starter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication //web应用才生效 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class) public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration { @Autowired HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean public HelloService helloService(){ HelloService service = new HelloService(); service.setHelloProperties(helloProperties); return service; } } 复制代码