转载

Java多线程 - AQS详解

AQS是java.util.concurrent.locks下类AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的简称,是用于 通过Java源码来构建多线程的锁和同步器的一系列框架,用于Java多线程之间的同步,它的类及类结构图如下:

Java多线程 - AQS详解
Java多线程 - AQS详解

原理

在AQS类中维护了一个使用双向链表Node实现的FIFO队列,用于保存等待的线程,同时利用一个int类型的state来表示状态,使用时通过继承AQS类并实现它的acquire和release方法来操作状态,来实现线程的同步。

以ReentrantLock为例,state初始化为0,表示未锁定状态。A线程lock()时,会调用tryAcquire()独占该锁并将state+1。此后,其他线程再tryAcquire()时就会失败,直到A线程unlock()到state=0(即释放锁)为止,其它线程才有机会获取该锁。当然,释放锁之前,A线程自己是可以重复获取此锁的(state会累加),这就是可重入的概念。但要注意,获取多少次就要释放多么次,这样才能保证state是能回到零态的。

再以CountDownLatch以例,任务分为N个子线程去执行,state也初始化为N(注意N要与线程个数一致)。这N个子线程是并行执行的,每个子线程执行完后countDown()一次,state会CAS(Compare and Swap)减1。等到所有子线程都执行完后(即state=0),会unpark()主调用线程,然后主调用线程就会从await()函数返回,继续后余动作。

不同组件的使用

CountDownLatch

主要用于等待线程等待其他线程执行后再执行,其实现是通过控制计数器是否递减到0来判别,其他的每一个线程执行完毕后,调用countDown()方法让计数器减一,等待线程调用await()方法,直到计数器为1在执行。

demo 主线程等待200个线程执行完毕后再执行:

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * /* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * /* @author: guohezuzi
 * /* Date: 2019-06-08
 * /* Time: 下午4:14
 * /* Description: ContDownLatch用法:通过引入CountDownLatch计数器,来等待其他线程执行完毕
 * /
 */
@Slf4j
public class CountDownLatchExample {
    private static int threadCount = 200;

    public static void test(int threadNum) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(100);
        log.info("{}",threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(100);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService pool= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(200);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum=i;
            pool.execute(()->{
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                    test(threadNum);
                }catch (Exception e){
                    log.error("exception",e);
                }finally {
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        log.info("finish");
        pool.shutdown();
    }
}
复制代码

CyclicBarrier

用于等待多个线程都准备好再进行,每一个线程准备好后,计数器加1,加到指定值后全部开始

demo 一个20个线程每等待5个线程进行一次

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
 * /* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * /* @author: guohezuzi
 * /* Date: 2019-06-08
 * /* Time: 下午5:20
 * /* Description:
 * 用于等待多个线程都准备好
 * 每一个线程准备好后 计数器加1 加到指定值后全部开始
 * /
 */
public class CyclicBarrierExample {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CountDownLatchExample.class);
    private static CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier=new CyclicBarrier(5);

    public static void race(int threadNum) throws InterruptedException{
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        logger.info("{} is ready",threadNum);
        try {
            //等待指定数量的其他线程执行 无参一直等待不抛异常 有参数表示等待指定时间若数量还未等到抛出异常
            cyclicBarrier.await(2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException | TimeoutException e) {
            logger.error("exception",e);
        }
        logger.info("{} is continue");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            final int threadNum=i;
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    race(threadNum);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    logger.error("exception",e);
                }
            });
        }
        executorService.shutdown();
    }

}
复制代码

Semaphore

英译信号量,用于控制某个资源同时可被访问的个数,如控制数据库资源可以同时并发数量为20

demo:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
 * /* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * /* @author: guohezuzi
 * /* Date: 2019-06-08
 * /* Time: 下午3:39
 * /* Description: 信号量学习例子 控制某个资源同时可被访问的个数 如控制数据库资源可以同时并发数量为20
 * /
 */
public class SemaphoreExample {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CountDownLatchExample.class);
    private static int threadCount = 200;

    public static void test(int threadNum) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(100);
        logger.info("{}",threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService pool= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        //定义允许并发的信号量m
        final Semaphore semaphore=new Semaphore(20);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum=i;
            //该线程的最大并发数为m/n
            pool.execute(()->{
                try {
                    //获取n个信号量 无参为一个
                    semaphore.acquire(4);
                    test(threadNum);
                    //释放n个信号量 无参为一个
                    semaphore.release(4);
                }catch (Exception e){
                    logger.error("exception",e);
                }
            });
        }
        pool.shutdown();
    }
}
复制代码

ReentrantReadWriteLock

读写锁,用于需要同步资源时在前后加锁/解锁,当一个线程获取读锁后其他线程可以继续获取读锁,当一个线程获取写锁后其他线程都需等待,因此,可能造成写锁饥饿,就是写锁一直无法获取。

demo: 一个基于aqs锁实现的部分线程安全的map

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

/**
 * /* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * /* @author: guohezuzi
 * /* Date: 2019-06-08
 * /* Time: 下午11:58
 * /* Description: 读写锁 当一个线程获取读锁后其他线程可以继续获取读锁 当一个线程获取写锁后其他线程都需等待
 * /
 */
public class ReentrantReadWriteLockExample {
    final Map map = new TreeMap<>();

    private final static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    private final Lock readLock = readWriteLock.readLock();

    private final Lock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();

    public Data get(String key) {
        readLock.lock();
        try {
            return map.get(key);
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public Set getAllkeys() {
        readLock.lock();
        try {
            return map.keySet();
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public Data put(String key, Data vlaue) {
        writeLock.lock();
        try {
            return map.put(key, vlaue);
        } finally {
            writeLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    class Data {

    }
}
复制代码

StampLock

类似读写锁的功能和使用方法,不过有以下两点不同

  1. 每次获取锁会得到一个long类型的stamp所为返回值,解锁是需要将其回传。

  2. 有乐观读操作,适合于读多写少情况,指当资源被读锁锁定时,会根据资源是否被变更,进行读取操作,而不是不允许读操作。

demo:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.StampedLock;

/**
 * /* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * /* @author: guohezuzi
 * /* Date: 2019-06-09
 * /* Time: 下午1:08
 * /* Description:
 * 使用是每次获取锁会得到一个long类型的stamp所为返回值,解锁是需要将其回传
 * 该类有 写 读 乐观读:指当资源被读锁锁定时,会根据资源是否被变更,进行读取操作
 */
public class StampLockExample {
    private int count = 0;
    private final StampedLock lock = new StampedLock();

    class AddHundredNum extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
//            synchronized (addHundredNum.class) {
            long stamp = lock.writeLock();
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                    count++;
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock(stamp);
            }
//            }
        }
    }

    public void test() throws InterruptedException {
        StampLockExample.AddHundredNum[] addHundredNums = new StampLockExample.AddHundredNum[100];
        for (int i = 0; i < addHundredNums.length; i++) {
            addHundredNums[i] = new StampLockExample.AddHundredNum();
        }

        for (StampLockExample.AddHundredNum addHundredNum : addHundredNums) {
            addHundredNum.start();
        }

        for (StampLockExample.AddHundredNum addHundredNum : addHundredNums) {
            addHundredNum.join();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        StampLockExample example = new StampLockExample();
        example.test();
        System.out.println(example.count);
    }
}
复制代码

Condition

配合AQS锁实现的线程中断/等待机制,将等待的线程移入condition维护的队列,并通过condition控制中断/等待。

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * /* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * /* @author: guohezuzi
 * /* Date: 2019-06-09
 * /* Time: 下午1:26
 * /* Description:
 * /
 */
@Slf4j
public class ConditionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        final ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();
        Condition condition=lock.newCondition();
        new Thread(()->{
            lock.lock();
            log.info("wait signal");
            try {
                condition.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.info("get signal");
            lock.unlock();
        }).start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            lock.lock();
            log.info("get lock");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            condition.signalAll();
            log.info("send signal ~");
            lock.unlock();
        }).start();
    }
}
复制代码
原文  https://juejin.im/post/5d08a0be6fb9a07edd2a1438
正文到此结束
Loading...