Spring Cloud支持多种安全认证方式,比如OAuth等。而默认是可以直接添加 spring-boot-starter-security 来配置HTTP BASIC认证。如果没有配置用户和密码,那么默认的用户是user,并随机生成一个密码,在启动的控制台中显示出来。但是这种方式在实践中几乎无实际用途,所以最好还是需要显式设置(参数名为 spring.security.user.password )
直接配置明文敏感信息是比较冒险的,所以一种可行的办法就是将明文加密成密文。密文是以 {cipher} 开头,系统会自动在使用之前将其解密。如果配置的属性( keyname )对应密文无法解密,那么系统将会将此属性移除,并增加一个属性 invalid${keyname}: not applicable 。
数据的加密解密可以通过接口 /encrypt 和 /decrypt 完成,比如:
$ curl localhost:8888/encrypt -d mysecret 682bc583f4641835fa2db009355293665d2647dade3375c0ee201de2a49f7bda $ curl localhost:8888/decrypt -d 682bc583f4641835fa2db009355293665d2647dade3375c0ee201de2a49f7bda mysecret
如果安装了扩展Spring Cloud CLI extensions,那么可以直接Spring命令工具:
$ spring encrypt mysecret --key foo 682bc583f4641835fa2db009355293665d2647dade3375c0ee201de2a49f7bda $ spring decrypt --key foo 682bc583f4641835fa2db009355293665d2647dade3375c0ee201de2a49f7bda mysecret
也可以使用密钥文件加解密,文件路径参数前需要个特殊符号@,如下:
$ spring encrypt mysecret --key @${HOME}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
AQAjPgt3eFZQXwt8tsHAVv/QHiY5sI2dRcR+...
注意:要使用加密解密的功能,必须要下载JCE(Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files)。这些默认是不包含在JDK中的。
在配置文件中增加 spring-boot-starter-security ,如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
注意,在最新版本 Greenwich 中,口令不是配置 security.user.name 和 security.user.password 属性中,它已被废弃不推荐使用,而是配置在Spring中( spring.security.user.name 和 spring.security.user.password )。以下的是Eureka多集群的( Greenwich )的配置文件:
USER: light
PASSWORD: 123456
spring:
security:
user:
name: ${USER}
password: ${PASSWORD}
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${USER}:${PASSWORD}@peer1.com:9801/eureka/,http://${USER}:${PASSWORD}@peer2.com:9802/eureka/,http://${USER}:${PASSWORD}@peer3.com:9803/eureka/
---
spring:
profiles: peer1
application:
name: application-peer1
server:
port: 9801
eureka:
environment: dev
datacenter: hangzhou
instance:
hostname: peer1.com
appname: lighthouse
---
spring:
profiles: peer2
application:
name: application-peer2
server:
port: 9802
eureka:
environment: dev
datacenter: beijing
instance:
hostname: peer2.com
appname: lighthouse
---
spring:
profiles: peer3
application:
name: application-peer3
server:
port: 9803
eureka:
environment: dev
datacenter: guangzhou
instance:
hostname: peer3.com
appname: lighthouse
由于默认是开启CSRF,所以需要将其关闭,不然会出现如下错误:
javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.MismatchedInputException: Root name 'timestamp' does not match expected ('instance') for type [simple type, class com.netflix.appinfo.InstanceInfo]
创建一个 WebSecurityConfig 类,代码如下:
// WebSecurityConfig.java
@EnableWebSecurity
@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable(); //关闭csrf
super.configure(http); //开启认证
}
}
启动三个配置文件对应的三个实例,就可以看到已经启用HTTP BASIC认证:
关于Eureka Server集群的配置,请参考另外一篇文章
– Spring Cloud Eureka集群配置及注意事项(Greenwich版本)
Eureka Client和Service Provider配置方法类似,只需要在defaultZone中配置好含有认证信息的url即可,如下所示。
“`
USER: light
PASSWORD: 123456
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${USER}:${PASSWORD}@peer1.com:9801/eureka/,http://${USER}:${PASSWORD}@peer2.com:9802/eureka/,http://${USER}:${PASSWORD}@peer3.com:9803/eureka/
“`