本篇文章主要介绍Rxjava与Retrofit结合使用,对Rxjava和Retrofit不熟悉的可以去看我之前的两篇介绍
public interface GetRequest_Interface { @POST("/app/auth/school/list") Observable<School> postSchool(@Body RequestBody route);//根据学校名获取学校 }
GetRequest_Interface request = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(API.BASE_URL) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build().create(GetRequest_Interface.class);
这里以请求体为Json 字符串为准
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put(key, value); Gson gson=new Gson(); String strEntity = gson.toJson(map); KLog.d("22222222RequestBody"+strEntity); RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(okhttp3.MediaType.parse("application/json;charset=UTF-8"),strEntity);
Observable<School> observable = request.postSchool(body); observable.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribe(new Observer<School>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { //此处做一些请求开始时的初始化事件,例如弹出一个dialog } @Override public void onNext(School school) { //此处处理请求成功业务(code == 200 ) } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { //此处处理请求失败业务(code != 200 ) } @Override public void onComplete() { //请求完成处理业务,关闭请求队列,关闭dialog等 } });
至此,Rxjava 与 Retrofit 结合基本使用就结束了,基于以上就可以愉快的完成网络请求工作了,是不是很方便简洁.
当然了,对于我们的业务来说,不可能只有一次网络请求,基本处处都需要进去网络请求,而且也不可能如上面一样,如此简单. 一般我们的业务中都需要配置一些其他的参数信息,如果每一次网络请求都像上面那样写的话,当然是可以的,但是你的代码就太low了,也不符合编程规范.
所以基于你会熟练的使用了的前提下,我们就需要将以上代码进行简单封装.
关于封装我想多说一句
对于封装,很多人都认为封装就是使代码足够简洁,逻辑足够清晰,符合开闭原则等,的确是这样的,但是需要使情况而定,如果你写的代码是服务广大人群,也就是开源项目,那就要考虑很多因素,做到足够开放.
但如果只是用到自己的项目里,那我们必须要明确一点,那就是定制化的前提是符合自己业务的需求,而不要过于封装.所以也就有为什么我们常常需要对别人的开源框架做二次封装,就是这个道理,没有最好的封装,只有最合适的封装.
public interface API { //此处存放所有的BaseUrl String BASE_URL = "http://xx.xxx.xx.225:8080"; //核心后台API String BASE_SCHOOL_URL = "http://xx.xxx.xx.225:8081"; //学校API }
public interface GetRequest_Interface { /*-------------------------------------所有网络请求 API-------------------------------------------------------*/ @POST("/app/auth/captcha") Observable<Phone> postPhone(@Body RequestBody route); //获取验证码 @POST("/app/auth/login") Observable<RegistLogin> postRegist(@Body RequestBody route);//登录注册 }
根据自己业务需求初始化OkHttpClient OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(DEFAULT_TIME_OUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //l 连接超时时间 .writeTimeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIME_OUT,TimeUnit.SECONDS) //读写超时 .readTimeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIME_OUT,TimeUnit.SECONDS) //读取超时 .retryOnConnectionFailure(true) //失败重连 .addNetworkInterceptor(tokenInterceptor) //添加网络拦截器 .addInterceptor(tokenRespInterceptor) //.authenticator(authenticator) //授权认证 .build();
这里需要用到OkHttp3的拦截器相关内容,不熟悉的可以先去了解
Interceptor tokenInterceptor = new Interceptor() { //全局拦截器, @Override public okhttp3.Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request originalRequest = chain.request();//获取原始请求 Request.Builder requestBuilder = originalRequest.newBuilder() //建立新的请求 .addHeader("Accept", "application/json") .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8") .removeHeader("User-Agent") .addHeader("User-Agent",BaseUtils.getUserAgent()) .method(originalRequest.method(),originalRequest.body()); return chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build()); //重新请求
Interceptor tokenInterceptor = new Interceptor() { //全局拦截器,往请求头部添加 token 字段,实现了全局添加 token @Override public okhttp3.Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request originalRequest = chain.request();//获取原始请求 Request.Builder requestBuilder = originalRequest.newBuilder() //建立新的请求 .addHeader("Accept", "application/json") .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8") .removeHeader("User-Agent") .addHeader("User-Agent",BaseUtils.getUserAgent()) .method(originalRequest.method(),originalRequest.body()); // Log.e("----------------",originalRequest.body().toString()); Request tokenRequest = null; //带有token的请求 if (StringUtils.isEmpty(App.mmkv.decodeString(BaseConfig.TOKEN,null))){ return chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build()); } tokenRequest = requestBuilder .header("Authorization","Bearer "+App.mmkv.decodeString(BaseConfig.TOKEN,null)) .build(); return chain.proceed(tokenRequest); } };
这里使用了腾讯的MMKV框架进去本地存储Token,因为我们一开始是没有拿到Token的,所以需要进行动态添加
在进行网络交互的时候,服务端签发的Token是有时效性的而且一般比较短,过了有效期就需要重新请求,而这个过程我们不能让用户察觉到,所以需要实现用户无感知的情况下刷新请求新的Token.
Interceptor tokenRespInterceptor = new Interceptor() { //拦截返回体 判断token是否过期.过期重写拉取新的token @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request request = chain.request(); Response response = chain.proceed(request); // KLog.d( response.body().string()); if (isTokenExpired(response)){ KLog.d( "自动刷新Token,然后重新请求数据"); //同步请求方式,获取最新的Token String newToken = getNewToken(); if (newToken != null){ //使用新的Token,创建新的请求 Request newRequest = chain.request() .newBuilder() .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + newToken) .build(); //重新请求 return chain.proceed(newRequest); } } return response.newBuilder().body(ResponseBody.create(MediaType.parse("UTF-8"),body)).build(); } };
这里需要根据服务端约定好的过期规则进去判断,这里简单示范一下
/** * 根据Response,判断Token是否失效 * * @param response * @return */ private boolean isTokenExpired(Response response) { try { body = response.body().string(); JSONObject object = new JSONObject(body); message = object.getString("Message"); code = object.getInt("Code"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if ("Token is expired".equals(message)&& code == 1) { return true; } return false; }
获取新的Token
/** * 同步请求方式,获取最新的Token * * @return */ private String getNewToken() { // 通过获取token的接口,同步请求接口 GetRequest_Interface request = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(API.BASE_URL) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build().create(GetRequest_Interface.class); // KLog.e(Remember.getString("refresh_token",null)); RequestBody body = BaseUtils.convertJson(BaseUtils.paramsMap("refresh_token",App.mmkv.decodeString(BaseConfig.REFRESH_TOKEN,null))); Call<RefreshToken> call = request.postRefreshToken(body); try { response = call.execute(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } KLog.e(response.body().getCode()+response.body().getMessage()); if (response.code() == 200 &&response.body().getCode() ==0){ newToken = response.body().getData().getToken(); KLog.e("---------------"+newToken); App.mmkv.encode(BaseConfig.TOKEN,newToken); App.mmkv.encode(BaseConfig.SCHOOL_TOKEN,response.body().getData().getSchool_token()); App.mmkv.encode(BaseConfig.EXPIRE_IN,response.body().getData().getExpire_in()); } return newToken; }
retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .client(client) .baseUrl(API.BASE_URL) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build();
至此,关于网络请求的相关参数信息就基本配置完成
将上述配置步骤进行封装
/** * Created by darryrzhong * * * 统一的Retrofit入口 */ public class RetrofitHelper { private static final int DEFAULT_TIME_OUT = 5;//超时时间 5s private static final int DEFAULT_READ_TIME_OUT = 10; private final Retrofit retrofit; private String body; private retrofit2.Response<RefreshToken> response; private String newToken; private String message; private int code; private RetrofitHelper(){ Interceptor tokenInterceptor = new Interceptor() { //全局拦截器,往请求头部添加 token 字段,实现了全局添加 token @Override public okhttp3.Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request originalRequest = chain.request();//获取原始请求 Request.Builder requestBuilder = originalRequest.newBuilder() //建立新的请求 .addHeader("Accept", "application/json") .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8") .removeHeader("User-Agent") .addHeader("User-Agent",BaseUtils.getUserAgent()) .method(originalRequest.method(),originalRequest.body()); // Log.e("----------------",originalRequest.body().toString()); Request tokenRequest = null; //带有token的请求 if (StringUtils.isEmpty(App.mmkv.decodeString(BaseConfig.TOKEN,null))){ return chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build()); } tokenRequest = requestBuilder .header("Authorization","Bearer "+App.mmkv.decodeString(BaseConfig.TOKEN,null)) .build(); return chain.proceed(tokenRequest); } }; Interceptor tokenRespInterceptor = new Interceptor() { //拦截返回体 判断token是否过期.过期重写拉取新的token @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException { Request request = chain.request(); Response response = chain.proceed(request); // KLog.d( response.body().string()); if (isTokenExpired(response)){ KLog.d( "自动刷新Token,然后重新请求数据"); //同步请求方式,获取最新的Token String newToken = getNewToken(); if (newToken != null){ //使用新的Token,创建新的请求 Request newRequest = chain.request() .newBuilder() .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + newToken) .build(); //重新请求 return chain.proceed(newRequest); } } return response.newBuilder().body(ResponseBody.create(MediaType.parse("UTF-8"),body)).build(); } }; OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(DEFAULT_TIME_OUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //l 连接超时时间 .writeTimeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIME_OUT,TimeUnit.SECONDS) //读写超时 .readTimeout(DEFAULT_READ_TIME_OUT,TimeUnit.SECONDS) //读取超时 .retryOnConnectionFailure(true) //失败重连 .addNetworkInterceptor(tokenInterceptor) //添加网络拦截器 .addInterceptor(tokenRespInterceptor) //.authenticator(authenticator) //授权认证 .build(); retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .client(client) .baseUrl(API.BASE_URL) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build(); } /** * 同步请求方式,获取最新的Token * * @return */ private String getNewToken() { // 通过获取token的接口,同步请求接口 GetRequest_Interface request = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(API.BASE_URL) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build().create(GetRequest_Interface.class); RequestBody body = BaseUtils.convertJson(BaseUtils.paramsMap("refresh_token",App.mmkv.decodeString(BaseConfig.REFRESH_TOKEN,null))); Call<RefreshToken> call = request.postRefreshToken(body); try { response = call.execute(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } KLog.e(response.body().getCode()+response.body().getMessage()); if (response.code() == 200 &&response.body().getCode() ==0){ newToken = response.body().getData().getToken(); KLog.e("---------------"+newToken); App.mmkv.encode(BaseConfig.TOKEN,newToken); App.mmkv.encode(BaseConfig.SCHOOL_TOKEN,response.body().getData().getSchool_token()); App.mmkv.encode(BaseConfig.EXPIRE_IN,response.body().getData().getExpire_in()); } return newToken; } /** * 根据Response,判断Token是否失效 * * @param response * @return */ private boolean isTokenExpired(Response response) { try { body = response.body().string(); JSONObject object = new JSONObject(body); message = object.getString("Message"); code = object.getInt("Code"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if ("Token is expired".equals(message)&& code == 1) { return true; } return false; } private static class SingletonHolder{ private static final RetrofitHelper INSTANCE = new RetrofitHelper(); } /** * 获取RetrofitServiceManager * @return */ public static RetrofitHelper getInstance(){ return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE; } /** * 获取对应的Service * @param service Service 的 class * @param <T> * @return */ public <T> T create(Class<T> service){ return retrofit.create(service); } }
如果业务中有多个BaseUrl的话,可以直接写个方法暴露出去就好了.
public interface ResponseCallBack<T> { void onSuccess(T t); void onFault(String errorMsg); }
public interface ProgressListener { void startProgress(); void cancelProgress(); }
创建BaseObserver,在回调中进行业务处理
public class BaseObserver<T> implements Observer<T> { private ResponseCallBack responseCallBack; private ProgressListener progressListener; private Disposable disposable; public BaseObserver(ResponseCallBack responseCallBack,ProgressListener progressListener){ this.responseCallBack = responseCallBack; this.progressListener = progressListener; } }
在 onSubscribe () 方法中进行请求开始时的初始化操作
@Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { this.disposable = d; if (progressListener != null){ progressListener.startProgress(); } }
在 onNext () 方法中处理请求成功业务
@Override public void onNext(T t) { responseCallBack.onSuccess(t); }
在onError () 方法中统一处理请求失败信息
@Override public void onError(Throwable e) { KLog.d(e.getMessage()); try { if (e instanceof SocketTimeoutException) {//请求超时 responseCallBack.onFault("请求超时,请稍后再试"); } else if (e instanceof ConnectException) {//网络连接超时 responseCallBack.onFault("网络连接超时,请检查网络状态"); } else if (e instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {//安全证书异常 responseCallBack.onFault("安全证书异常"); } else if (e instanceof HttpException) {//请求的地址不存在 int code = ((HttpException) e).code(); if (code == 504) { responseCallBack.onFault("网络异常,请检查您的网络状态"); } else if (code == 404) { responseCallBack.onFault("请求的地址不存在"); } else { responseCallBack.onFault("请求失败"); } } else if (e instanceof UnknownHostException) {//域名解析失败 responseCallBack.onFault("域名解析失败"); } else { responseCallBack.onFault("error:" + e.getMessage()); } } catch (Exception e2) { e2.printStackTrace(); } finally { Log.e("OnSuccessAndFaultSub", "error:" + e.getMessage()); if (disposable !=null && !disposable.isDisposed()){ //事件完成取消订阅 disposable.dispose(); } if (progressListener!=null){ progressListener.cancelProgress(); } } }
在 onComplete () 中处理请求成功结束后的业务
@Override public void onComplete() { if (disposable !=null && !disposable.isDisposed()){ //事件完成取消订阅 disposable.dispose(); } if (progressListener!=null){ progressListener.cancelProgress(); } }
代码如下:
/** * Created by darryrzhong * */ public class BaseObserver<T> implements Observer<T> { private ResponseCallBack responseCallBack; private ProgressListener progressListener; private Disposable disposable; public BaseObserver(ResponseCallBack responseCallBack,ProgressListener progressListener){ this.responseCallBack = responseCallBack; this.progressListener = progressListener; } @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { this.disposable = d; if (progressListener != null){ progressListener.startProgress(); } } @Override public void onNext(T t) { responseCallBack.onSuccess(t); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { KLog.d(e.getMessage()); try { if (e instanceof SocketTimeoutException) {//请求超时 responseCallBack.onFault("请求超时,请稍后再试"); } else if (e instanceof ConnectException) {//网络连接超时 responseCallBack.onFault("网络连接超时,请检查网络状态"); } else if (e instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {//安全证书异常 responseCallBack.onFault("安全证书异常"); } else if (e instanceof HttpException) {//请求的地址不存在 int code = ((HttpException) e).code(); if (code == 504) { responseCallBack.onFault("网络异常,请检查您的网络状态"); } else if (code == 404) { responseCallBack.onFault("请求的地址不存在"); } else { responseCallBack.onFault("请求失败"); } } else if (e instanceof UnknownHostException) {//域名解析失败 responseCallBack.onFault("域名解析失败"); } else { responseCallBack.onFault("error:" + e.getMessage()); } } catch (Exception e2) { e2.printStackTrace(); } finally { Log.e("OnSuccessAndFaultSub", "error:" + e.getMessage()); if (disposable !=null && !disposable.isDisposed()){ //事件完成取消订阅 disposable.dispose(); } if (progressListener!=null){ progressListener.cancelProgress(); } } } @Override public void onComplete() { if (disposable !=null && !disposable.isDisposed()){ //事件完成取消订阅 disposable.dispose(); } if (progressListener!=null){ progressListener.cancelProgress(); } } }
至此,统一处理结果的BaseObserver封装完毕
这里根据服务端接收数据不同而有不同方式,想要了解更多传参方式,可以自行去了解Retrofit的注解,这里只介绍向服务端传递Json数据.
首先我们看一下标准的Json数据格式
返回体: { "Code": 0, "Data": { "token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVC*********", "refresh_token": "c9ced011-***************************", "expire_in": 1560330991, "student_id": 33 }, "Message": "登录成功" } 请求体: {"phone":"13145214436","id":"12345"}
返回体的数据解析就不说了,说说请求体怎么传递
首先我们把最外面的{ } json 对象当做是一个 map 对象,这样是不是一下子就知道怎么转化了,对的,就是你想的那样.
HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("phone", "13145214436"); map.put("id", "12345");
然后把map对象转化成json字符串,传给服务端就行了
Gson gson=new Gson(); String strEntity = gson.toJson(map); RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(okhttp3.MediaType.parse("application/json;charset=UTF-8"),strEntity);
至于更复杂的请求体也是一样的做法
{ "school_id":1, "student_id":23, "start_time":"2019-05-10 15:04:05", "end_time":"2019-06-10 15:04:05", "points": [ { "longitude": 0, "latitude": 0 }, { "longitude": 0, "latitude": 0 }, { "longitude": 0, "latitude": 0 }, { "longitude": 0, "latitude": 0 } ] }
上面的请求体中有个json数组,数组里面又嵌套了json对象,还是一样的做法
把json数组看成是一个list,对的,有和上面一样的套路了是不是很简单,
这里以登录业务做个简单示范
GetRequest_Interface request = RetrofitHelper.getInstance().create(GetRequest_Interface.class); //request请求入口 HashMap<String,Object> params = new HashMap(); params.put("phone",phone); params.put("id",id); RequestBody body = BaseUtils.convertJson(params); Observable<RegistLogin> observable= request.postRegist(body); observable.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribe(new BaseObserver<RegistLogin>(new ResponseCallBack<RegistLogin>() { @Override public void onSuccess(RegistLogin registLogin) { //此处处理 code == 200 } @Override public void onFault(String errorMsg) { BaseUtils.showToast(mContext,errorMsg); } }, new ProgressListener() { @Override public void startProgress() { dialog = BaseUtils.showSpotsDialog(mContext,"登录中"); dialog.show(); } @Override public void cancelProgress() { dialog.dismiss(); } }));
这样一来,是不是代码明了简洁,代码质量明显提高了一个层次
至此,Rxjava 和 Retrofit 结合使用 与封装就基本完成了,再次说明一下,没有最完美的封装,只有最适合自己业务的封装,所以,如果需要请进行自己的业务定制,这里只提供思路.
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