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如何通过Spring Boot + Redis 实现接口幂等性？

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专栏详细目录 请移步至文末

一、概念
二、常见解决方案
三、本文实现
四、实现思路
五、项目简介
六、代码实现
七、测试验证
八、注意点(非常重要)
九、总结

一、概念

幂等性, 通俗的说就是一个接口, 多次发起同一个请求, 必须保证操作只能执行一次比如:

订单接口, 不能多次创建订单
支付接口, 重复支付同一笔订单只能扣一次钱
支付宝回调接口, 可能会多次回调, 必须处理重复回调
普通表单提交接口, 因为网络超时等原因多次点击提交, 只能成功一次等等

二、常见解决方案

唯一索引 -- 防止新增脏数据
token机制 -- 防止页面重复提交
悲观锁 -- 获取数据的时候加锁(锁表或锁行)
乐观锁 -- 基于版本号version实现, 在更新数据那一刻校验数据
分布式锁 -- redis(jedis、redisson)或zookeeper实现
状态机 -- 状态变更, 更新数据时判断状态

三、本文实现

本文采用第2种方式实现, 即通过 redis + token 机制实现接口幂等性校验

四、实现思路

为需要保证幂等性的每一次请求创建一个唯一标识 token , 先获取 token , 并将此 token 存入redis

请求接口时, 将此 token 放到header或者作为请求参数请求接口, 后端接口判断redis中是否存在此 token :

如果存在, 正常处理业务逻辑, 并从redis中删除此 token , 那么, 如果是重复请求, 由于 token 已被删除, 则不能通过校验, 返回 请勿重复操作 提示
如果不存在, 说明参数不合法或者是重复请求, 返回提示即可

五、项目简介

springboot
redis
@ApiIdempotent 注解 + 拦截器对请求进行拦截
@ControllerAdvice全局异常处理
压测工具: jmeter

说明:

本文重点介绍幂等性核心实现, 关于 springboot如何集成redis 、 ServerResponse 、 ResponseCode 等细枝末节不在本文讨论范围之内,
有兴趣的小伙伴可以查看我的Github项目: https://github.com/wangzaiplus/springboot/tree/wxw

六、代码实现

1、pom

        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clientsgroupId>
            <artifactId>jedisartifactId>
            <version>2.9.0version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
            <version>1.16.10version>
        dependency>

2、 JedisUtil

package com.wangzaiplus.test.util;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class JedisUtil {

    @Autowired
    private JedisPool jedisPool;

    private Jedis getJedis() {
        return jedisPool.getResource();
    }

    /**
     * 设值
     *
     * @param key
     * @param value
     * @return
     */
    public String set(String key, String value) {
        Jedis jedis = null;
        try {
            jedis = getJedis();
            return jedis.set(key, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("set key:{} value:{} error", key, value, e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            close(jedis);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设值
     *
     * @param key
     * @param value
     * @param expireTime 过期时间, 单位: s
     * @return
     */
    public String set(String key, String value, int expireTime) {
        Jedis jedis = null;
        try {
            jedis = getJedis();
            return jedis.setex(key, expireTime, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("set key:{} value:{} expireTime:{} error", key, value, expireTime, e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            close(jedis);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 取值
     *
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public String get(String key) {
        Jedis jedis = null;
        try {
            jedis = getJedis();
            return jedis.get(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("get key:{} error", key, e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            close(jedis);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除key
     *
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public Long del(String key) {
        Jedis jedis = null;
        try {
            jedis = getJedis();
            return jedis.del(key.getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("del key:{} error", key, e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            close(jedis);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断key是否存在
     *
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public Boolean exists(String key) {
        Jedis jedis = null;
        try {
            jedis = getJedis();
            return jedis.exists(key.getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("exists key:{} error", key, e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            close(jedis);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设值key过期时间
     *
     * @param key
     * @param expireTime 过期时间, 单位: s
     * @return
     */
    public Long expire(String key, int expireTime) {
        Jedis jedis = null;
        try {
            jedis = getJedis();
            return jedis.expire(key.getBytes(), expireTime);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("expire key:{} error", key, e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            close(jedis);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取剩余时间
     *
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public Long ttl(String key) {
        Jedis jedis = null;
        try {
            jedis = getJedis();
            return jedis.ttl(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("ttl key:{} error", key, e);
            return null;
        } finally {
            close(jedis);
        }
    }

    private void close(Jedis jedis) {
        if (null != jedis) {
            jedis.close();
        }
    }

}

3、自定义注解 @ApiIdempotent

package com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * 在需要保证 接口幂等性 的Controller的方法上使用此注解
 */
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ApiIdempotent {
}

4、 ApiIdempotentInterceptor 拦截器

package com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor;

import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 接口幂等性拦截器
 */
public class ApiIdempotentInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Autowired
    private TokenService tokenService;

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
        if (!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)) {
            return true;
        }

        HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
        Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();

        ApiIdempotent methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(ApiIdempotent.class);
        if (methodAnnotation != null) {
            check(request);// 幂等性校验, 校验通过则放行, 校验失败则抛出异常, 并通过统一异常处理返回友好提示
        }

        return true;
    }

    private void check(HttpServletRequest request) {
        tokenService.checkToken(request);
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
    }
}

5、 TokenServiceImpl

package com.wangzaiplus.test.service.impl;

import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.Constant;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ResponseCode;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.exception.ServiceException;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.JedisUtil;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.RandomUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Service
public class TokenServiceImpl implements TokenService {

    private static final String TOKEN_NAME = "token";

    @Autowired
    private JedisUtil jedisUtil;

    @Override
    public ServerResponse createToken() {
        String str = RandomUtil.UUID32();
        StrBuilder token = new StrBuilder();
        token.append(Constant.Redis.TOKEN_PREFIX).append(str);

        jedisUtil.set(token.toString(), token.toString(), Constant.Redis.EXPIRE_TIME_MINUTE);

        return ServerResponse.success(token.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public void checkToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String token = request.getHeader(TOKEN_NAME);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// header中不存在token
            token = request.getParameter(TOKEN_NAME);
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// parameter中也不存在token
                throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT.getMsg());
            }
        }

        if (!jedisUtil.exists(token)) {
            throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg());
        }

        Long del = jedisUtil.del(token);
        if (del <= 0) {
            throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg());
        }
    }

}

6、 TestApplication

package com.wangzaiplus.test;

import com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor.ApiIdempotentInterceptor;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.wangzaiplus.test.mapper")
public class TestApplication  extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 跨域
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
        final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        final CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration();
        corsConfiguration.setAllowCredentials(true);
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*");
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*");
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*");
        urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", corsConfiguration);
        return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        // 接口幂等性拦截器
        registry.addInterceptor(apiIdempotentInterceptor());
        super.addInterceptors(registry);
    }

    @Bean
    public ApiIdempotentInterceptor apiIdempotentInterceptor() {
        return new ApiIdempotentInterceptor();
    }

}

OK, 目前为止, 校验代码准备就绪, 接下来测试验证

七、测试验证

1、获取 token 的控制器 TokenController

package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;

import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/token")
public class TokenController {

    @Autowired
    private TokenService tokenService;

    @GetMapping
    public ServerResponse token() {
        return tokenService.createToken();
    }

}

2、 TestController , 注意 @ApiIdempotent 注解, 在需要幂等性校验的方法上声明此注解即可, 不需要校验的无影响

package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;

import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;
import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TestService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
@Slf4j
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    private TestService testService;

    @ApiIdempotent
    @PostMapping("testIdempotence")
    public ServerResponse testIdempotence() {
        return testService.testIdempotence();
    }

}

3、获取 token