HTTP 提供一个用于权限控制和认证的通用框架。最常用的 HTTP 认证方案是 HTTP Basic authentication。Http Basic 认证是一种用来允许网页浏览器或其他客户端程序在请求时提供用户名和口令形式的身份凭证的一种登录验证方式。
上面是 Http Basic
的简介,它不是我们今天的主题,我们今天的主题是: HttpClient
客户端如何调用开启 Http Basic
验证的服务?接下来我们去一探究竟,我们从模拟 Http Basic 服务端开始。
我们使用 SpringBoot和Spring Security 简单的搭建一个具有 HTTP Basic Authentication 的服务。具体的搭建过程我就不陈述了,我在这里先贴出关键代码,便于你的理解,完整的代码已经上传到 GitHub
上面,文章末尾有链接。
@Component public class MyBasicAuthenticationEntryPoint extends BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint { @Override public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException { response.addHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=" + getRealmName()); response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED); PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(response.getOutputStream()); printWriter.write("Http Status 401: " + authException.getLocalizedMessage()); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { setRealmName("developlee"); super.afterPropertiesSet(); } } 复制代码
@Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private MyBasicAuthenticationEntryPoint authenticationEntryPoint; @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/login").permitAll() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() // 开启httpBasic .httpBasic() // 设置 BasicAuthenticationFilter .authenticationEntryPoint(authenticationEntryPoint); } @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("jamal").password(passwordEncoder().encode("123456")).authorities("ROLE_USER"); } @Bean protected PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } } 复制代码
@RestController public class WebController { @RequestMapping(path = "/hello") public String hello(){ return "验证通过"; } } 复制代码
启动项目,访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello
至此,我们的 Http Basic 服务端搭建便已经完成了
private String URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello"; private String DEFAULT_USER = "jamal"; private String DEFAULT_PASS = "123456"; @Test public void CredentialsProvider()throws Exception{ // 创建用户信息 CredentialsProvider provider = new BasicCredentialsProvider(); UsernamePasswordCredentials credentials = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(DEFAULT_USER, DEFAULT_PASS); provider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, credentials); // 创建客户端的时候进行身份验证 HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create() .setDefaultCredentialsProvider(provider) .build(); HttpResponse response = client.execute( new HttpGet(URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION)); int statusCode = response.getStatusLine() .getStatusCode(); Assert.assertEquals(statusCode,200); } 复制代码
@Test public void PreemptiveBasicAuthentication()throws Exception{ // 先进行身份验证 HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("localhost", 8080, "http"); CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider(); credsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials(DEFAULT_USER, DEFAULT_PASS)); AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache(); // 将身份验证放入缓存中 authCache.put(targetHost, new BasicScheme()); HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create(); context.setCredentialsProvider(credsProvider); context.setAuthCache(authCache); HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); HttpResponse response = client.execute( new HttpGet(URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION), context); int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); Assert.assertEquals(statusCode,200); } 复制代码
@Test public void HttpBasicAuth()throws Exception{ HttpGet request = new HttpGet(URL_SECURED_BY_BASIC_AUTHENTICATION); // 手动构建验证信息 String auth = DEFAULT_USER + ":" + DEFAULT_PASS; byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.encodeBase64( auth.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); String authHeader = "Basic " + new String(encodedAuth); // 将验证信息放入到 Header request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, authHeader); HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); Assert.assertEquals(statusCode,200); } 复制代码
以上就是 HttpClient Http Basic 的三种验证方式,希望对你有所帮助。
文章不足之处,望大家多多指点,共同学习,共同进步