在利用Python进行系统管理的时候,特别是同时操作多个文件目录,或者远程控制多台主机,并行操作可以节约大量的时间。当被操作对象数目不大时,可以直接利用multiprocessing中的Process动态成生多个进程,十几个还好,但如果是上百个,上千个目标,手动的去限制进程数量却又太过繁琐,此时可以发挥进程池的功效。Pool可以提供指定数量的进程供用户调用,当有新的请求提交到pool中时,如果池还没有满,那么就会创建一个新的进程用来执行该请求;但如果池中的进程数已经达到规定最大值,那么该请求就会等待,直到池中有进程结束,才会创建新的进程来它。
#coding: utf-8 import multiprocessing import time def func(msg): print "msg:", msg time.sleep(3) print "end" if __name__ == "__main__": pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes = 3) for i in xrange(4): msg = "hello %d" %(i) pool.apply_async(func, (msg, )) #维持执行的进程总数为processes,当一个进程执行完毕后会添加新的进程进去 print "Mark~ Mark~ Mark~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" pool.close() pool.join() #调用join之前,先调用close函数,否则会出错。执行完close后不会有新的进程加入到pool,join函数等待所有子进程结束 print "Sub-process(es) done."
一次执行结果
mMsg: hark~ Mark~ Mark~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ello 0 msg: hello 1 msg: hello 2 end msg: hello 3 end end end Sub-process(es) done.
函数解释:
执行说明:创建一个进程池pool,并设定进程的数量为3,xrange(4)会相继产生四个对象[0, 1, 2, 4],四个对象被提交到pool中,因pool指定进程数为3,所以0、1、2会直接送到进程中执行,当其中一个执行完事后才空出一个进程处理对象3,所以会出现输出“msg: hello 3”出现在"end"后。因为为非阻塞,主函数会自己执行自个的,不搭理进程的执行,所以运行完for循环后直接输出“mMsg: hark~ Mark~ Mark~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~”,主程序在pool.join()处等待各个进程的结束。
#coding: utf-8 import multiprocessing import time def func(msg): print "msg:", msg time.sleep(3) print "end" if __name__ == "__main__": pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes = 3) for i in xrange(4): msg = "hello %d" %(i) pool.apply(func, (msg, )) #维持执行的进程总数为processes,当一个进程执行完毕后会添加新的进程进去 print "Mark~ Mark~ Mark~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" pool.close() pool.join() #调用join之前,先调用close函数,否则会出错。执行完close后不会有新的进程加入到pool,join函数等待所有子进程结束 print "Sub-process(es) done."
一次执行的结果
msg: hello 0 end msg: hello 1 end msg: hello 2 end msg: hello 3 end Mark~ Mark~ Mark~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sub-process(es) done.
import multiprocessing import time def func(msg): print "msg:", msg time.sleep(3) print "end" return "done" + msg if __name__ == "__main__": pool = multiprocessing.Pool(processes=4) result = [] for i in xrange(3): msg = "hello %d" %(i) result.append(pool.apply_async(func, (msg, ))) pool.close() pool.join() for res in result: print ":::", res.get() print "Sub-process(es) done."
一次执行结果
msg: hello 0 msg: hello 1 msg: hello 2 end end end ::: donehello 0 ::: donehello 1 ::: donehello 2 Sub-process(es) done.
#coding: utf-8 import multiprocessing import os, time, random def Lee(): print "/nRun task Lee-%s" %(os.getpid()) #os.getpid()获取当前的进程的ID start = time.time() time.sleep(random.random() * 10) #random.random()随机生成0-1之间的小数 end = time.time() print 'Task Lee, runs %0.2f seconds.' %(end - start) def Marlon(): print "/nRun task Marlon-%s" %(os.getpid()) start = time.time() time.sleep(random.random() * 40) end=time.time() print 'Task Marlon runs %0.2f seconds.' %(end - start) def Allen(): print "/nRun task Allen-%s" %(os.getpid()) start = time.time() time.sleep(random.random() * 30) end = time.time() print 'Task Allen runs %0.2f seconds.' %(end - start) def Frank(): print "/nRun task Frank-%s" %(os.getpid()) start = time.time() time.sleep(random.random() * 20) end = time.time() print 'Task Frank runs %0.2f seconds.' %(end - start) if __name__=='__main__': function_list= [Lee, Marlon, Allen, Frank] print "parent process %s" %(os.getpid()) pool=multiprocessing.Pool(4) for func in function_list: pool.apply_async(func) #Pool执行函数,apply执行函数,当有一个进程执行完毕后,会添加一个新的进程到pool中 print 'Waiting for all subprocesses done...' pool.close() pool.join() #调用join之前,一定要先调用close() 函数,否则会出错, close()执行后不会有新的进程加入到pool,join函数等待素有子进程结束 print 'All subprocesses done.'
一次执行结果
parent process 7704 Waiting for all subprocesses done... Run task Lee-6948 Run task Marlon-2896 Run task Allen-7304 Run task Frank-3052 Task Lee, runs 1.59 seconds. Task Marlon runs 8.48 seconds. Task Frank runs 15.68 seconds. Task Allen runs 18.08 seconds. All subprocesses done.