开发环境:IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.2
新建一个名称为demo的Spring Boot项目。
当存在多个同类型的bean时,可以使用Primary注解指定优先注入的bean。如果对bean的注入选择做进一步的控制,则可以使用限定注解。
限定注解可以与特定的参数关联起来,缩小类型匹配的范围,最后选择一个符合条件的bean来注入。
package com.example.demo; public class MyBean { public MyBean(String id){ this.id = id; } private String id; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } }
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class MyConfig { @Bean public MyBean bean1(){ return new MyBean("1"); } @Bean public MyBean bean2(){ return new MyBean("2"); } }
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class DemoController { @Autowired @Qualifier("bean1") MyBean bean; @RequestMapping(value = "/") public String index(){ return bean.getId(); } }
运行项目后,浏览器访问: http://localhost :8080/,页面显示:
如果需要根据特定的属性来指定注入的bean,则可以自定义限定注解。
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; @Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD } ) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Qualifier public @interface MyBeanQualifier { String type(); }
在配置bean时,需要为相应的bean设置不同的类型。
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class MyConfig { @Bean @MyBeanQualifier(type = "bean1") public MyBean bean1(){ return new MyBean("1"); } @Bean @MyBeanQualifier(type = "bean2") public MyBean bean2(){ return new MyBean("2"); } }
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class DemoController { @Autowired @MyBeanQualifier(type = "bean2") MyBean bean; @RequestMapping(value = "/") public String index(){ return bean.getId(); } }
运行项目后,浏览器访问: http://localhost :8080/,页面显示:
Scope注解主要用于配置bean在容器中的生命周期,除了可以配置为singleton和prototype,在Web环境还可以配置为request、session等 值,表示容器会为一次请求或一个会话分配一个bean的实例。
如果对bean的生命周期有特殊需求,可以使用自定义的Scope。
例子:一个bean被使用3次后,就获取新的bean实例。
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.Scope; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class MyScope implements Scope { //记录bean的使用次数 private Map<String,Integer> beanCounts = new HashMap<String,Integer>(); //保存实例 private Map<String,Object> beans = new HashMap<String,Object>(); @Override public Object get(String s, ObjectFactory<?> objectFactory) { if(beanCounts.get(s) == null){ beanCounts.put(s, 0); } //第一次使用,放到实例的Map中 Integer beanCount = beanCounts.get(s); if(beanCount == 0){ Object newObject = objectFactory.getObject(); beans.put(s, newObject); } Object bean = beans.get(s); //计数器加1 Integer newBeanCount = beanCount + 1; if(newBeanCount >= 3){ newBeanCount = 0; } //设置新的次数 beanCounts.put(s, newBeanCount); return bean; } @Override public Object remove(String s) { return null; } @Override public void registerDestructionCallback(String s, Runnable runnable) { } @Override public Object resolveContextualObject(String s) { return null; } @Override public String getConversationId() { return null; } }
将自定义Scope注册到容器中。
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomScopeConfigurer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; @Configuration public class MyConfig { @Autowired BeanFactory factory; @PostConstruct public void customScopeConfigurer(){ CustomScopeConfigurer config = new CustomScopeConfigurer(); config.addScope("three", new MyScope()); config.postProcessBeanFactory((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory)factory); } @Bean @Scope(scopeName = "three") public MyBean bean1(){ return new MyBean("1"); } }
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class DemoController { @Autowired ApplicationContext ctx; @RequestMapping(value = "/") public String index(){ for (int i=0;i<5;i++){ System.out.println(ctx.getBean("bean1")); } return ""; } }
运行项目后,浏览器访问: http://localhost :8080/,IDEA控制台输出:
com.example.demo.MyBean@61f13a02 com.example.demo.MyBean@61f13a02 com.example.demo.MyBean@61f13a02 com.example.demo.MyBean@54094334 com.example.demo.MyBean@54094334
可见前3次得到同一个bean实例。
附,项目结构图
【本人秃顶程序员】:专注于Java开发技术的研究与知识分享!
————END————